Uploaded 11_9_2019
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MicroCoreLabs
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New:
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MCLWR1 - FPGA based Printer Option for the IBM Wheelwriter 5
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Wheelwriter - FPGA based Printer Option for the IBM Wheelwriter 5
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Wheelwriter2 - Arduino Leonardo based Printer Option for the IBM Wheelwriter 5
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Microsequencer-based processors:
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MicroCore Labs - Arduino Leonards-based IBM Wheelwriter Printer Option
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Description:
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------------
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This is an Arduino Software project which allows RS232 access to an IBM Wheelwriter Typewriter.
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Using a terminal running at 300 baud (300,n,8,1), the user can directly send characters to the typewriter.
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They can also cut and paste long documents into the terminal, which will be printed by the typewriter.
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It has been tested on an IBM Wheelwriter 5, however other IBM typewriters such as the Wheelwriter 3 and 6 may also work.
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The only connection needed to the typewriter is via two pins within the access panel at the top rear of the typewriter.
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I am using an Arduino Leonardo board which uses the ATmega32u4 microcontroller which contains two UART controllers.
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This design uses both UARTS. One is connected to the host at 300,N,8,1 and the second connects to the IBM Wheelwriter's IBM_BUS
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interface which runs at 188k, N,9,1. The UART is used in a non-standard 9 databits operation which is not directly supported
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by the Arduino software base. I needed to directly write a few registers to active this mode.
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The IBM_BUS is bi-directional, so the Arduino's UART Transmitter must be deactivated and set to hi-Z so it will not conflict
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with the drivers contained in the typewriter. To save time I simply added a delay to give the typewriter time to ACK on the IBM_BUS
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rather than sample it for the ACK response. Faster printing action could be achieved if a separate bus transceiver was used
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to switch on and off between the Arduino and the typewriter driving the bus.
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There is very limited buffering in the Arduino's UART transmitter and reciever and I have also provided very shallow buffering,
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so characters must be sent from the host at the pace typical of typing on the typewriter by hand.
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Pinout
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-------
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- The IBM Wheelwriter pins of interest are: 4=GND and 5=IBM_BUS. Pin#1 is on the left when looking at the typewriter from the front.
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- On the Arduino, only the UART TX pin-1 and GND are needed.
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MicroCore Labs - Arduino Leonards-based IBM Wheelwriter Printer Option
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Description:
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------------
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This is an Arduino Software project which allows RS232 access to an IBM Wheelwriter Typewriter.
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Using a terminal running at 300 baud (300,n,8,1), the user can directly send characters to the typewriter.
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They can also cut and paste long documents into the terminal, which will be printed by the typewriter.
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It has been tested on an IBM Wheelwriter 5, however other IBM typewriters such as the Wheelwriter 3 and 6 may also work.
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The only connection needed to the typewriter is via two pins within the access panel at the top rear of the typewriter.
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I am using an Arduino Leonardo board which uses the ATmega32u4 microcontroller which contains two UART controllers.
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This design uses both UARTS. One is connected to the host at 300,N,8,1 and the second connects to the IBM Wheelwriter's IBM_BUS
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interface which runs at 188k, N,9,1. The UART is used in a non-standard 9 databits operation which is not directly supported
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by the Arduino software base. I needed to directly write a few registers to active this mode.
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The IBM_BUS is bi-directional, so the Arduino's UART Transmitter must be deactivated and set to hi-Z so it will not conflict
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with the drivers contained in the typewriter. To save time I simply added a delay to give the typewriter time to ACK on the IBM_BUS
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rather than sample it for the ACK response. Faster printing action could be achieved if a separate bus transceiver was used
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to switch on and off between the Arduino and the typewriter driving the bus.
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There is very limited buffering in the Arduino's UART transmitter and reciever and I have also provided very shallow buffering,
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so characters must be sent from the host at the pace typical of typing on the typewriter by hand.
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Pinout
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-------
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- The IBM Wheelwriter pins of interest are: 4=GND and 5=IBM_BUS. Pin#1 is on the left when looking at the typewriter from the front.
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//
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//
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// File Name : wheelwriter.v
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// Author : Ted Fried, MicroCore Labs
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// Creation : 11/8/2019
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// Code Type : Synthesizable
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//
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// Description:
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// ============
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//
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// Arduino-Leonardo version of the Printer Option for the IBM Wheelwriter
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//
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// Connects Arduino Leonardo with host UART at 300 baud and to the typewriter at 188k baud.
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//
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// This design uses the second Arduino UART in 9-bit mode to transmit data to the typewriter.
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//
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// It translates ASCII characters received by the host into a sequence of commands which are sent
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// to the IBM Wheelwriter typewriter over the IBM_BUS interface.
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//
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// Characters will print to the typeriter as they are received from the host.
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// You can cut and paste long documents into the terminal if you add a delay between characters.
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//
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------
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//
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// Version History:
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// ================
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//
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// Revision 1 11/8/19
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// Initial revision
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//
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//
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------
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byte array_in_pointer=0;
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byte array_out_pointer=0;
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byte ibm_decoded_character=0;
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byte ibm_cycle_in_progress=0;
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unsigned int char_count=0;
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unsigned int ibm_command_array[200];
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byte ibm_decoder[128] =
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{0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x99, 0x00, 0x00, 0x99, 0x00, 0x00,
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
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0x00, 0x49, 0x4b, 0x38, 0x37, 0x39, 0x3f, 0x4c, 0x23, 0x16, 0x36, 0x3b, 0x0c, 0x0e, 0x57, 0x28,
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0x30, 0x2e, 0x2f, 0x2c, 0x32, 0x31, 0x33, 0x35, 0x34, 0x2a ,0x4e, 0x50, 0x00, 0x4d, 0x00, 0x4a,
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0x3d, 0x20, 0x12, 0x1b, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x11, 0x0f, 0x14, 0x1F, 0x21, 0x2b, 0x18, 0x24, 0x1a, 0x22,
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0x15, 0x3e, 0x17, 0x19, 0x1c, 0x10, 0x0d, 0x29, 0x2d, 0x26, 0x13, 0x41, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x4f,
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0x00, 0x01, 0x59, 0x05, 0x07, 0x60, 0x0a, 0x5a, 0x08, 0x5d, 0x56, 0x0b, 0x09, 0x04, 0x02, 0x5f,
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0x5c, 0x52, 0x03, 0x06, 0x5e, 0x5b, 0x53, 0x55, 0x51, 0x58, 0x54, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------
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void setup()
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{
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Serial.begin(300); // UART to the Host
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Serial1.begin(188679); // UART to the IBM Wheelwriter IBM_BUS
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}
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------
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void loop()
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{
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// Once the transmitter has completed sending the command to the IBM_BUS,
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// disable the TX output pin and wait for 2 milliseconds while the typewriter asserts ACK
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//
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if (ibm_cycle_in_progress==1 && ((UCSR1A & 0x40)>0)) // Wait for transmit to complete before making the TX pin hi-Z
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{
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pinMode (1, INPUT) ; // hi-Z the TX Pin
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delay(2);
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ibm_cycle_in_progress=0;
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}
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// When the Command FIFO array is not empty, send the data out on Serial1 to the IBM_BUS
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// Simulate open collector by enabling/disabling the serial TX pin and making it an input for hi-Z
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// Send 9 bits per transaction to the TX UART
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// Support delays inserted into the command sequence
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if (ibm_cycle_in_progress==0 && (array_in_pointer != array_out_pointer))
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{
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// Each time we send a Command word to IBM we re-initialize the
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// TX pin as a UART output and configure for 9-bit data width.
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//
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Serial1.begin(188679);
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UCSR1B = UCSR1B | 0x04; // Or in the Z bit[2]
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UCSR1C = UCSR1C | 0x06; // Or in the Z bit[1:0]
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// Set the 9th bit of the transmit word
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if (ibm_command_array[array_out_pointer] > 0x00FF)
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{
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UCSR1B = UCSR1B | 0x01; // Set TX bit[8]
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}
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else
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{
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UCSR1B = UCSR1B & 0xFE; // Clear TX bit[8]
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}
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// Write the lower byte into the UART TX which begins the transmit
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//
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Serial1.write(ibm_command_array[array_out_pointer] & 0x00FF);
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// Disable the UART Transmiter in preparation for IBM sending an ACK on the Bus
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// This will take effect when the serial transmit has completed.
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//
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UCSR1B = UCSR1B & 0xF7;
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ibm_cycle_in_progress=1;
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array_out_pointer = array_out_pointer + 1;
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}
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// When the pointers catch up to each other, zero them both out
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//
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if (array_in_pointer==array_out_pointer)
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{
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array_in_pointer=0;
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array_out_pointer=0;
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}
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// Poll the Host-side UART for characters to send to the typewriter.
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// Decode the ASCII characters into the sequence of commands to send to the typewriter.
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//
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if (Serial.available())
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{
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ibm_decoded_character = ibm_decoder[Serial.read()];
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if (ibm_decoded_character!=0x99)
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{
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x0121;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x000B;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x0121;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x0003;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = ibm_decoded_character;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x000A;
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char_count = char_count + 0x000A;
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}
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else
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{
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if (char_count==0) {char_count=0x8000;}
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x0121; // Carriage Return Command sequence
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x000B;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x0121;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x000D;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x0007;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x0121;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x0006;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = (char_count >> 8 );
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = (char_count & 0x00FF);
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x0121;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x0005;
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ibm_command_array[array_in_pointer ++] = 0x0090;
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char_count=0;
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}
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}
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}
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