diff --git a/runtime/src/bank.rs b/runtime/src/bank.rs
index 0616d55b04..4b4c002092 100644
--- a/runtime/src/bank.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/bank.rs
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl ExecuteTimings {
 }
 
 type BankStatusCache = StatusCache<Result<()>>;
-#[frozen_abi(digest = "3TYCJ7hSJ5ig2NmnwxSn1ggkzm6JCmMHoyRMBQQsLCa3")]
+#[frozen_abi(digest = "F3Ubz2Sx973pKSYNHTEmj6LY3te1DKUo3fs3cgzQ1uqJ")]
 pub type BankSlotDelta = SlotDelta<Result<()>>;
 type TransactionAccountRefCells = Vec<Rc<RefCell<AccountSharedData>>>;
 type TransactionAccountDepRefCells = Vec<(Pubkey, Rc<RefCell<AccountSharedData>>)>;
@@ -2798,18 +2798,26 @@ impl Bank {
         loaders: &mut TransactionLoaders,
         mut account_refcells: TransactionAccountRefCells,
         loader_refcells: TransactionLoaderRefCells,
-    ) {
-        account_refcells.drain(..).for_each(|account_refcell| {
-            accounts.push(Rc::try_unwrap(account_refcell).unwrap().into_inner())
-        });
-        loaders
-            .iter_mut()
-            .zip(loader_refcells)
-            .for_each(|(ls, mut lrcs)| {
-                lrcs.drain(..).for_each(|(pubkey, lrc)| {
-                    ls.push((pubkey, Rc::try_unwrap(lrc).unwrap().into_inner()))
-                })
-            });
+    ) -> std::result::Result<(), TransactionError> {
+        for account_refcell in account_refcells.drain(..) {
+            accounts.push(
+                Rc::try_unwrap(account_refcell)
+                    .map_err(|_| TransactionError::AccountBorrowOutstanding)?
+                    .into_inner(),
+            )
+        }
+        for (ls, mut lrcs) in loaders.iter_mut().zip(loader_refcells) {
+            for (pubkey, lrc) in lrcs.drain(..) {
+                ls.push((
+                    pubkey,
+                    Rc::try_unwrap(lrc)
+                        .map_err(|_| TransactionError::AccountBorrowOutstanding)?
+                        .into_inner(),
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn compile_recorded_instructions(
@@ -2974,7 +2982,7 @@ impl Bank {
                         None
                     };
 
-                    let process_result = self.message_processor.process_message(
+                    let mut process_result = self.message_processor.process_message(
                         tx.message(),
                         &loader_refcells,
                         &account_refcells,
@@ -3005,12 +3013,15 @@ impl Bank {
                         &tx.message,
                     );
 
-                    Self::refcells_to_accounts(
+                    if let Err(e) = Self::refcells_to_accounts(
                         &mut loaded_transaction.accounts,
                         &mut loaded_transaction.loaders,
                         account_refcells,
                         loader_refcells,
-                    );
+                    ) {
+                        warn!("Account lifetime mismanagement");
+                        process_result = Err(e);
+                    }
 
                     if process_result.is_ok() {
                         self.update_executors(executors);
diff --git a/sdk/program/src/instruction.rs b/sdk/program/src/instruction.rs
index a8813e08ee..b6847c27d4 100644
--- a/sdk/program/src/instruction.rs
+++ b/sdk/program/src/instruction.rs
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ pub enum InstructionError {
     AccountBorrowFailed,
 
     /// Account data has an outstanding reference after a program's execution
-    #[error("instruction left account with an outstanding reference borrowed")]
+    #[error("instruction left account with an outstanding borrowed reference")]
     AccountBorrowOutstanding,
 
     /// The same account was multiply passed to an on-chain program's entrypoint, but the program
diff --git a/sdk/src/transaction.rs b/sdk/src/transaction.rs
index 781b5fb958..fd15382732 100644
--- a/sdk/src/transaction.rs
+++ b/sdk/src/transaction.rs
@@ -94,6 +94,10 @@ pub enum TransactionError {
 
     #[error("Transactions are currently disabled due to cluster maintenance")]
     ClusterMaintenance,
+
+    /// Transaction processing left an account with an outstanding borrowed reference
+    #[error("Transaction processing left an account with an outstanding borrowed reference")]
+    AccountBorrowOutstanding,
 }
 
 pub type Result<T> = result::Result<T, TransactionError>;
diff --git a/storage-proto/proto/solana.storage.transaction_by_addr.rs b/storage-proto/proto/solana.storage.transaction_by_addr.rs
index 49aa771b64..58aae3b291 100644
--- a/storage-proto/proto/solana.storage.transaction_by_addr.rs
+++ b/storage-proto/proto/solana.storage.transaction_by_addr.rs
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ pub enum TransactionErrorType {
     InvalidProgramForExecution = 13,
     SanitizeFailure = 14,
     ClusterMaintenance = 15,
+    AccountBorrowOutstanding = 16,
 }
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, ::prost::Enumeration)]
 #[repr(i32)]
diff --git a/storage-proto/src/convert.rs b/storage-proto/src/convert.rs
index 99b45c563c..5f98420087 100644
--- a/storage-proto/src/convert.rs
+++ b/storage-proto/src/convert.rs
@@ -529,6 +529,7 @@ impl TryFrom<tx_by_addr::TransactionError> for TransactionError {
             13 => TransactionError::InvalidProgramForExecution,
             14 => TransactionError::SanitizeFailure,
             15 => TransactionError::ClusterMaintenance,
+            16 => TransactionError::AccountBorrowOutstanding,
             _ => return Err("Invalid TransactionError"),
         })
     }
@@ -584,6 +585,9 @@ impl From<TransactionError> for tx_by_addr::TransactionError {
                 TransactionError::InstructionError(_, _) => {
                     tx_by_addr::TransactionErrorType::InstructionError
                 }
+                TransactionError::AccountBorrowOutstanding => {
+                    tx_by_addr::TransactionErrorType::AccountBorrowOutstanding
+                }
             } as i32,
             instruction_error: match transaction_error {
                 TransactionError::InstructionError(index, ref instruction_error) => {