cosmos-sdk/server

Server

The server package is responsible for providing the mechanisms necessary to start an ABCI Tendermint application and providing the CLI framework necessary to fully bootstrap an application. The package exposes two core commands, StartCmd and ExportCmd.

Preliminary

The root command of an application typically is constructed with three core sub-commands, query commands, tx commands, and auxiliary commands such as genesis utilities, and starting an application binary.

It is vital that the root command of an application set the appropriate PersistentPreRun(E) function so all child commands have access to the server and client contexts. These contexts are set as their default values initially and maybe modified, scoped to the command, in their respective PersistentPreRun(E) functions. Note, the client.Context is typically pre-populated with "default" values that may be useful for all commands to inherit and override if necessary.

Example:

var (
	rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "simd",
		Short: "simulation app",
		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
			if err := client.SetCmdClientContextHandler(initClientCtx, cmd); err != nil {
				return err
			}

			return server.InterceptConfigsPreRunHandler(cmd)
		},
	}

	encodingConfig = simapp.MakeTestEncodingConfig()
	initClientCtx  = client.Context{}.
			WithJSONMarshaler(encodingConfig.Marshaler).
			WithTxConfig(encodingConfig.TxConfig).
			WithCodec(encodingConfig.Amino).
			WithInput(os.Stdin).
			WithAccountRetriever(types.NewAccountRetriever(encodingConfig.Marshaler)).
			WithBroadcastMode(flags.BroadcastBlock).
			WithHomeDir(simapp.DefaultNodeHome)
)

The SetCmdClientContextHandler call reads persistent flags via ReadPersistentCommandFlags which creates a client.Context and sets that on the root command's Context.

The InterceptConfigsPreRunHandler call creates a viper literal, default server.Context, and a logger and sets that on the root command's Context. The server.Context will be modified and saved to disk via the internal interceptConfigs call, which either reads or creates a Tendermint configuration based on the home path provided. In addition, interceptConfigs also reads and loads the application configuration, app.toml, and binds that to the server.Context viper literal. This is vital so the application can get access to not only the CLI flags, but also to the application configuration values provided by this file.

StartCmd

The StartCmd accepts an AppCreator function which returns an Application. The AppCreator is responsible for constructing the application based on the options provided to it via AppOptions. The AppOptions interface type defines a single method, Get() interface{}, and is implemented as a viper literal that exists in the server.Context. All the possible options an application may use and provide to the construction process are defined by the StartCmd and by the application's config file, app.toml.

The application can either be started in-process or as an external process. The former creates a Tendermint service and the latter creates a Tendermint Node.

Under the hood, StartCmd will call GetServerContextFromCmd, which provides the command access to a server.Context. This context provides access to the viper literal, the Tendermint config and logger. This allows flags to be bound the viper literal and passed to the application construction.

Example:

func newApp(logger log.Logger, db dbm.DB, traceStore io.Writer, appOpts server.AppOptions) server.Application {
	var cache sdk.MultiStorePersistentCache

	if cast.ToBool(appOpts.Get(server.FlagInterBlockCache)) {
		cache = store.NewCommitKVStoreCacheManager()
	}

	skipUpgradeHeights := make(map[int64]bool)
	for _, h := range cast.ToIntSlice(appOpts.Get(server.FlagUnsafeSkipUpgrades)) {
		skipUpgradeHeights[int64(h)] = true
	}

	pruningOpts, err := server.GetPruningOptionsFromFlags(appOpts)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	return simapp.NewSimApp(
		logger, db, traceStore, true, skipUpgradeHeights,
		cast.ToString(appOpts.Get(flags.FlagHome)),
		cast.ToUint(appOpts.Get(server.FlagInvCheckPeriod)),
		baseapp.SetPruning(pruningOpts),
		baseapp.SetMinGasPrices(cast.ToString(appOpts.Get(server.FlagMinGasPrices))),
		baseapp.SetHaltHeight(cast.ToUint64(appOpts.Get(server.FlagHaltHeight))),
		baseapp.SetHaltTime(cast.ToUint64(appOpts.Get(server.FlagHaltTime))),
		baseapp.SetInterBlockCache(cache),
		baseapp.SetTrace(cast.ToBool(appOpts.Get(server.FlagTrace))),
	)
}

Note, some of the options provided are exposed via CLI flags in the start command and some are also allowed to be set in the application's app.toml. It is recommend to use the cast package for type safety guarantees and due to the limitations of CLI flag types.