diff --git a/cmd/geth/admin.go b/cmd/geth/admin.go
index 4c8f110e4..28786553c 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/admin.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/admin.go
@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@ func (js *jsre) pendingTransactions(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return js.re.ToVal(ltxs)
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(ltxs)
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) resend(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -175,7 +176,8 @@ func (js *jsre) resend(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		}
 		js.ethereum.TxPool().RemoveTransactions(types.Transactions{tx.tx})
 
-		return js.re.ToVal(ret)
+		v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(ret)
+		return v
 	}
 
 	fmt.Println("first argument must be a transaction")
@@ -198,12 +200,13 @@ func (js *jsre) sign(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		fmt.Println(err)
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
-	v, err := js.xeth.Sign(signer, data, false)
+	signed, err := js.xeth.Sign(signer, data, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Println(err)
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
-	return js.re.ToVal(v)
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(signed)
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) debugBlock(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -237,8 +240,8 @@ func (js *jsre) setHead(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 
 func (js *jsre) downloadProgress(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 	current, max := js.ethereum.Downloader().Stats()
-
-	return js.re.ToVal(fmt.Sprintf("%d/%d", current, max))
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(fmt.Sprintf("%d/%d", current, max))
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) getBlockRlp(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -248,7 +251,8 @@ func (js *jsre) getBlockRlp(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
 	encoded, _ := rlp.EncodeToBytes(block)
-	return js.re.ToVal(fmt.Sprintf("%x", encoded))
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(fmt.Sprintf("%x", encoded))
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) setExtra(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -278,8 +282,9 @@ func (js *jsre) setGasPrice(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 	return otto.UndefinedValue()
 }
 
-func (js *jsre) hashrate(otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
-	return js.re.ToVal(js.ethereum.Miner().HashRate())
+func (js *jsre) hashrate(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(js.ethereum.Miner().HashRate())
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) makeDAG(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -495,15 +500,18 @@ func (js *jsre) newAccount(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		fmt.Printf("Could not create the account: %v", err)
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
-	return js.re.ToVal(acct.Address.Hex())
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(acct.Address.Hex())
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) nodeInfo(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
-	return js.re.ToVal(js.ethereum.NodeInfo())
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(js.ethereum.NodeInfo())
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) peers(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
-	return js.re.ToVal(js.ethereum.PeersInfo())
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(js.ethereum.PeersInfo())
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) importChain(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -562,7 +570,8 @@ func (js *jsre) dumpBlock(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 
 	statedb := state.New(block.Root(), js.ethereum.StateDb())
 	dump := statedb.RawDump()
-	return js.re.ToVal(dump)
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(dump)
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) waitForBlocks(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -611,7 +620,8 @@ func (js *jsre) waitForBlocks(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	case height = <-wait:
 	}
-	return js.re.ToVal(height.Uint64())
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(height.Uint64())
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) sleep(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -704,8 +714,8 @@ func (js *jsre) register(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
 
-	return js.re.ToVal(contenthash.Hex())
-
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(contenthash.Hex())
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) registerUrl(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
@@ -764,7 +774,8 @@ func (js *jsre) getContractInfo(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 		fmt.Println(err)
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
-	return js.re.ToVal(info)
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(info)
+	return v
 }
 
 func (js *jsre) startNatSpec(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
diff --git a/cmd/geth/js.go b/cmd/geth/js.go
index 342a80bd2..0fb234d45 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/js.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/js.go
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func newJSRE(ethereum *eth.Ethereum, libPath, corsDomain string, interactive boo
 func (js *jsre) apiBindings(f xeth.Frontend) {
 	xe := xeth.New(js.ethereum, f)
 	ethApi := rpc.NewEthereumApi(xe)
-	jeth := rpc.NewJeth(ethApi, js.re.ToVal, js.re)
+	jeth := rpc.NewJeth(ethApi, js.re)
 
 	js.re.Set("jeth", struct{}{})
 	t, _ := js.re.Get("jeth")
diff --git a/jsre/jsre.go b/jsre/jsre.go
index a6dd117a3..3d648f02c 100644
--- a/jsre/jsre.go
+++ b/jsre/jsre.go
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@ It provides some helper functions to
 - bind native go objects
 */
 type JSRE struct {
-	assetPath string
-	vm        *otto.Otto
-
+	assetPath     string
 	evalQueue     chan *evalReq
 	stopEventLoop chan bool
 	loopWg        sync.WaitGroup
@@ -35,68 +33,37 @@ type jsTimer struct {
 	call     otto.FunctionCall
 }
 
-// evalResult is a structure to store the result of any serialized vm execution
-type evalResult struct {
-	result otto.Value
-	err    error
-}
-
-// evalReq is a serialized vm execution request put in evalQueue and processed by runEventLoop
+// evalReq is a serialized vm execution request processed by runEventLoop.
 type evalReq struct {
-	fn   func(res *evalResult)
+	fn   func(vm *otto.Otto)
 	done chan bool
-	res  evalResult
 }
 
 // runtime must be stopped with Stop() after use and cannot be used after stopping
 func New(assetPath string) *JSRE {
 	re := &JSRE{
-		assetPath: assetPath,
-		vm:        otto.New(),
+		assetPath:     assetPath,
+		evalQueue:     make(chan *evalReq),
+		stopEventLoop: make(chan bool),
 	}
-
-	// load prettyprint func definition
-	re.vm.Run(pp_js)
-	re.vm.Set("loadScript", re.loadScript)
-
-	re.evalQueue = make(chan *evalReq)
-	re.stopEventLoop = make(chan bool)
 	re.loopWg.Add(1)
 	go re.runEventLoop()
-
+	re.Compile("pp.js", pp_js) // load prettyprint func definition
+	re.Set("loadScript", re.loadScript)
 	return re
 }
 
-// this function runs a piece of JS code either in a serialized way (when useEQ is true) or instantly, circumventing the evalQueue
-func (self *JSRE) run(src interface{}, useEQ bool) (value otto.Value, err error) {
-	if useEQ {
-		done := make(chan bool)
-		req := &evalReq{
-			fn: func(res *evalResult) {
-				res.result, res.err = self.vm.Run(src)
-			},
-			done: done,
-		}
-		self.evalQueue <- req
-		<-done
-		return req.res.result, req.res.err
-	} else {
-		return self.vm.Run(src)
-	}
-}
+// This function runs the main event loop from a goroutine that is started
+// when JSRE is created. Use Stop() before exiting to properly stop it.
+// The event loop processes vm access requests from the evalQueue in a
+// serialized way and calls timer callback functions at the appropriate time.
 
-/*
-This function runs the main event loop from a goroutine that is started
- when JSRE is created. Use Stop() before exiting to properly stop it.
-The event loop processes vm access requests from the evalQueue in a
- serialized way and calls timer callback functions at the appropriate time.
-
-Exported functions always access the vm through the event queue. You can
- call the functions of the otto vm directly to circumvent the queue. These
- functions should be used if and only if running a routine that was already
- called from JS through an RPC call.
-*/
+// Exported functions always access the vm through the event queue. You can
+// call the functions of the otto vm directly to circumvent the queue. These
+// functions should be used if and only if running a routine that was already
+// called from JS through an RPC call.
 func (self *JSRE) runEventLoop() {
+	vm := otto.New()
 	registry := map[*jsTimer]*jsTimer{}
 	ready := make(chan *jsTimer)
 
@@ -143,10 +110,10 @@ func (self *JSRE) runEventLoop() {
 		}
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
-	self.vm.Set("setTimeout", setTimeout)
-	self.vm.Set("setInterval", setInterval)
-	self.vm.Set("clearTimeout", clearTimeout)
-	self.vm.Set("clearInterval", clearTimeout)
+	vm.Set("setTimeout", setTimeout)
+	vm.Set("setInterval", setInterval)
+	vm.Set("clearTimeout", clearTimeout)
+	vm.Set("clearInterval", clearTimeout)
 
 	var waitForCallbacks bool
 
@@ -166,8 +133,7 @@ loop:
 				arguments = make([]interface{}, 1)
 			}
 			arguments[0] = timer.call.ArgumentList[0]
-			_, err := self.vm.Call(`Function.call.call`, nil, arguments...)
-
+			_, err := vm.Call(`Function.call.call`, nil, arguments...)
 			if err != nil {
 				fmt.Println("js error:", err, arguments)
 			}
@@ -179,10 +145,10 @@ loop:
 					break loop
 				}
 			}
-		case evalReq := <-self.evalQueue:
+		case req := <-self.evalQueue:
 			// run the code, send the result back
-			evalReq.fn(&evalReq.res)
-			close(evalReq.done)
+			req.fn(vm)
+			close(req.done)
 			if waitForCallbacks && (len(registry) == 0) {
 				break loop
 			}
@@ -201,6 +167,14 @@ loop:
 	self.loopWg.Done()
 }
 
+// do schedules the given function on the event loop.
+func (self *JSRE) do(fn func(*otto.Otto)) {
+	done := make(chan bool)
+	req := &evalReq{fn, done}
+	self.evalQueue <- req
+	<-done
+}
+
 // stops the event loop before exit, optionally waits for all timers to expire
 func (self *JSRE) Stop(waitForCallbacks bool) {
 	self.stopEventLoop <- waitForCallbacks
@@ -210,119 +184,78 @@ func (self *JSRE) Stop(waitForCallbacks bool) {
 // Exec(file) loads and runs the contents of a file
 // if a relative path is given, the jsre's assetPath is used
 func (self *JSRE) Exec(file string) error {
-	return self.exec(common.AbsolutePath(self.assetPath, file), true)
-}
-
-// circumvents the eval queue, see runEventLoop
-func (self *JSRE) execWithoutEQ(file string) error {
-	return self.exec(common.AbsolutePath(self.assetPath, file), false)
-}
-
-func (self *JSRE) exec(path string, useEQ bool) error {
-	code, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
+	code, err := ioutil.ReadFile(common.AbsolutePath(self.assetPath, file))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	_, err = self.run(code, useEQ)
+	self.do(func(vm *otto.Otto) { _, err = vm.Run(code) })
 	return err
 }
 
-// assigns value v to a variable in the JS environment
-func (self *JSRE) Bind(name string, v interface{}) (err error) {
-	self.Set(name, v)
-	return
+// Bind assigns value v to a variable in the JS environment
+// This method is deprecated, use Set.
+func (self *JSRE) Bind(name string, v interface{}) error {
+	return self.Set(name, v)
 }
 
-// runs a piece of JS code
-func (self *JSRE) Run(code string) (otto.Value, error) {
-	return self.run(code, true)
+// Run runs a piece of JS code.
+func (self *JSRE) Run(code string) (v otto.Value, err error) {
+	self.do(func(vm *otto.Otto) { v, err = vm.Run(code) })
+	return v, err
 }
 
-// returns the value of a variable in the JS environment
-func (self *JSRE) Get(ns string) (otto.Value, error) {
-	done := make(chan bool)
-	req := &evalReq{
-		fn: func(res *evalResult) {
-			res.result, res.err = self.vm.Get(ns)
-		},
-		done: done,
-	}
-	self.evalQueue <- req
-	<-done
-	return req.res.result, req.res.err
+// Get returns the value of a variable in the JS environment.
+func (self *JSRE) Get(ns string) (v otto.Value, err error) {
+	self.do(func(vm *otto.Otto) { v, err = vm.Get(ns) })
+	return v, err
 }
 
-// assigns value v to a variable in the JS environment
-func (self *JSRE) Set(ns string, v interface{}) error {
-	done := make(chan bool)
-	req := &evalReq{
-		fn: func(res *evalResult) {
-			res.err = self.vm.Set(ns, v)
-		},
-		done: done,
-	}
-	self.evalQueue <- req
-	<-done
-	return req.res.err
+// Set assigns value v to a variable in the JS environment.
+func (self *JSRE) Set(ns string, v interface{}) (err error) {
+	self.do(func(vm *otto.Otto) { err = vm.Set(ns, v) })
+	return err
 }
 
-/*
-Executes a JS script from inside the currently executing JS code.
-Should only be called from inside an RPC routine.
-*/
+// loadScript executes a JS script from inside the currently executing JS code.
 func (self *JSRE) loadScript(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
 	file, err := call.Argument(0).ToString()
 	if err != nil {
+		// TODO: throw exception
 		return otto.FalseValue()
 	}
-	if err := self.execWithoutEQ(file); err != nil { // loadScript is only called from inside js
+	file = common.AbsolutePath(self.assetPath, file)
+	source, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		// TODO: throw exception
+		return otto.FalseValue()
+	}
+	if _, err := compileAndRun(call.Otto, file, source); err != nil {
+		// TODO: throw exception
 		fmt.Println("err:", err)
 		return otto.FalseValue()
 	}
-
+	// TODO: return evaluation result
 	return otto.TrueValue()
 }
 
-// uses the "prettyPrint" JS function to format a value
+// PrettyPrint writes v to standard output.
 func (self *JSRE) PrettyPrint(v interface{}) (val otto.Value, err error) {
 	var method otto.Value
-	v, err = self.ToValue(v)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	method, err = self.vm.Get("prettyPrint")
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	return method.Call(method, v)
+	self.do(func(vm *otto.Otto) {
+		val, err = vm.ToValue(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		method, err = vm.Get("prettyPrint")
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		val, err = method.Call(method, val)
+	})
+	return val, err
 }
 
-// creates an otto value from a go type (serialized version)
-func (self *JSRE) ToValue(v interface{}) (otto.Value, error) {
-	done := make(chan bool)
-	req := &evalReq{
-		fn: func(res *evalResult) {
-			res.result, res.err = self.vm.ToValue(v)
-		},
-		done: done,
-	}
-	self.evalQueue <- req
-	<-done
-	return req.res.result, req.res.err
-}
-
-// creates an otto value from a go type (non-serialized version)
-func (self *JSRE) ToVal(v interface{}) otto.Value {
-
-	result, err := self.vm.ToValue(v)
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("Value unknown:", err)
-		return otto.UndefinedValue()
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-// evaluates JS function and returns result in a pretty printed string format
+// Eval evaluates JS function and returns result in a pretty printed string format.
 func (self *JSRE) Eval(code string) (s string, err error) {
 	var val otto.Value
 	val, err = self.Run(code)
@@ -336,12 +269,16 @@ func (self *JSRE) Eval(code string) (s string, err error) {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", val), nil
 }
 
-// compiles and then runs a piece of JS code
-func (self *JSRE) Compile(fn string, src interface{}) error {
-	script, err := self.vm.Compile(fn, src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	self.run(script, true)
-	return nil
+// Compile compiles and then runs a piece of JS code.
+func (self *JSRE) Compile(filename string, src interface{}) (err error) {
+	self.do(func(vm *otto.Otto) { _, err = compileAndRun(vm, filename, src) })
+	return err
+}
+
+func compileAndRun(vm *otto.Otto, filename string, src interface{}) (otto.Value, error) {
+	script, err := vm.Compile(filename, src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return otto.Value{}, err
+	}
+	return vm.Run(script)
 }
diff --git a/jsre/jsre_test.go b/jsre/jsre_test.go
index 5eaca2b91..42308de88 100644
--- a/jsre/jsre_test.go
+++ b/jsre/jsre_test.go
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 package jsre
 
 import (
-	"github.com/robertkrimen/otto"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/robertkrimen/otto"
 )
 
-type testNativeObjectBinding struct {
-	toVal func(interface{}) otto.Value
-}
+type testNativeObjectBinding struct{}
 
 type msg struct {
 	Msg string
@@ -21,7 +20,8 @@ func (no *testNativeObjectBinding) TestMethod(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value
 	if err != nil {
 		return otto.UndefinedValue()
 	}
-	return no.toVal(&msg{m})
+	v, _ := call.Otto.ToValue(&msg{m})
+	return v
 }
 
 func TestExec(t *testing.T) {
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func TestNatto(t *testing.T) {
 func TestBind(t *testing.T) {
 	jsre := New("/tmp")
 
-	jsre.Bind("no", &testNativeObjectBinding{jsre.ToVal})
+	jsre.Bind("no", &testNativeObjectBinding{})
 
 	val, err := jsre.Run(`no.TestMethod("testMsg")`)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/rpc/jeth.go b/rpc/jeth.go
index 2097ac30d..61be60dc7 100644
--- a/rpc/jeth.go
+++ b/rpc/jeth.go
@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ package rpc
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/jsre"
 	"github.com/robertkrimen/otto"
 )
 
 type Jeth struct {
 	ethApi *EthereumApi
-	toVal  func(interface{}) otto.Value
 	re     *jsre.JSRE
 }
 
-func NewJeth(ethApi *EthereumApi, toVal func(interface{}) otto.Value, re *jsre.JSRE) *Jeth {
-	return &Jeth{ethApi, toVal, re}
+func NewJeth(ethApi *EthereumApi, re *jsre.JSRE) *Jeth {
+	return &Jeth{ethApi, re}
 }
 
 func (self *Jeth) err(call otto.FunctionCall, code int, msg string, id interface{}) (response otto.Value) {