package downloader import ( "encoding/binary" "math/big" "testing" "time" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event" ) var ( knownHash = common.Hash{1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0} unknownHash = common.Hash{9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9} bannedHash = common.Hash{5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5} genesis = createBlock(1, common.Hash{}, knownHash) ) func createHashes(start, amount int) (hashes []common.Hash) { hashes = make([]common.Hash, amount+1) hashes[len(hashes)-1] = knownHash for i := range hashes[:len(hashes)-1] { binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(hashes[i][:8], uint64(start+i+2)) } return } func createBlock(i int, parent, hash common.Hash) *types.Block { header := &types.Header{Number: big.NewInt(int64(i))} block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(header) block.HeaderHash = hash block.ParentHeaderHash = parent return block } func createBlocksFromHashes(hashes []common.Hash) map[common.Hash]*types.Block { blocks := make(map[common.Hash]*types.Block) for i := 0; i < len(hashes); i++ { parent := knownHash if i < len(hashes)-1 { parent = hashes[i+1] } blocks[hashes[i]] = createBlock(len(hashes)-i, parent, hashes[i]) } return blocks } type downloadTester struct { downloader *Downloader ownHashes []common.Hash // Hash chain belonging to the tester ownBlocks map[common.Hash]*types.Block // Blocks belonging to the tester peerHashes map[string][]common.Hash // Hash chain belonging to different test peers peerBlocks map[string]map[common.Hash]*types.Block // Blocks belonging to different test peers maxHashFetch int // Overrides the maximum number of retrieved hashes } func newTester() *downloadTester { tester := &downloadTester{ ownHashes: []common.Hash{knownHash}, ownBlocks: map[common.Hash]*types.Block{knownHash: genesis}, peerHashes: make(map[string][]common.Hash), peerBlocks: make(map[string]map[common.Hash]*types.Block), } var mux event.TypeMux downloader := New(&mux, tester.hasBlock, tester.getBlock, nil) tester.downloader = downloader return tester } // syncTake is starts synchronising with a remote peer, but concurrently it also // starts fetching blocks that the downloader retrieved. IT blocks until both go // routines terminate. func (dl *downloadTester) syncTake(peerId string, head common.Hash) ([]*Block, error) { // Start a block collector to take blocks as they become available done := make(chan struct{}) took := []*Block{} go func() { for running := true; running; { select { case <-done: running = false default: time.Sleep(time.Millisecond) } // Take a batch of blocks and accumulate blocks := dl.downloader.TakeBlocks() for _, block := range blocks { dl.ownHashes = append(dl.ownHashes, block.RawBlock.Hash()) dl.ownBlocks[block.RawBlock.Hash()] = block.RawBlock } took = append(took, blocks...) } done <- struct{}{} }() // Start the downloading, sync the taker and return err := dl.downloader.synchronise(peerId, head) done <- struct{}{} <-done return took, err } // hasBlock checks if a block is present in the testers canonical chain. func (dl *downloadTester) hasBlock(hash common.Hash) bool { return dl.getBlock(hash) != nil } // getBlock retrieves a block from the testers canonical chain. func (dl *downloadTester) getBlock(hash common.Hash) *types.Block { return dl.ownBlocks[hash] } // newPeer registers a new block download source into the downloader. func (dl *downloadTester) newPeer(id string, hashes []common.Hash, blocks map[common.Hash]*types.Block) error { err := dl.downloader.RegisterPeer(id, hashes[0], dl.peerGetHashesFn(id), dl.peerGetBlocksFn(id)) if err == nil { // Assign the owned hashes and blocks to the peer dl.peerHashes[id] = hashes dl.peerBlocks[id] = blocks } return err } // peerGetBlocksFn constructs a getHashes function associated with a particular // peer in the download tester. The returned function can be used to retrieve // batches of hashes from the particularly requested peer. func (dl *downloadTester) peerGetHashesFn(id string) func(head common.Hash) error { return func(head common.Hash) error { limit := MaxHashFetch if dl.maxHashFetch > 0 { limit = dl.maxHashFetch } // Gather the next batch of hashes hashes := dl.peerHashes[id] result := make([]common.Hash, 0, limit) for i, hash := range hashes { if hash == head { i++ for len(result) < cap(result) && i < len(hashes) { result = append(result, hashes[i]) i++ } break } } // Delay delivery a bit to allow attacks to unfold go func() { time.Sleep(time.Millisecond) dl.downloader.DeliverHashes(id, result) }() return nil } } // peerGetBlocksFn constructs a getBlocks function associated with a particular // peer in the download tester. The returned function can be used to retrieve // batches of blocks from the particularly requested peer. func (dl *downloadTester) peerGetBlocksFn(id string) func([]common.Hash) error { return func(hashes []common.Hash) error { blocks := dl.peerBlocks[id] result := make([]*types.Block, 0, len(hashes)) for _, hash := range hashes { if block, ok := blocks[hash]; ok { result = append(result, block) } } go dl.downloader.DeliverBlocks(id, result) return nil } } // Tests that simple synchronization, without throttling from a good peer works. func TestSynchronisation(t *testing.T) { // Create a small enough block chain to download and the tester targetBlocks := blockCacheLimit - 15 hashes := createHashes(0, targetBlocks) blocks := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) tester := newTester() tester.newPeer("peer", hashes, blocks) // Synchronise with the peer and make sure all blocks were retrieved if err := tester.downloader.synchronise("peer", hashes[0]); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to synchronise blocks: %v", err) } if queued := len(tester.downloader.queue.blockPool); queued != targetBlocks { t.Fatalf("synchronised block mismatch: have %v, want %v", queued, targetBlocks) } } // Tests that the synchronized blocks can be correctly retrieved. func TestBlockTaking(t *testing.T) { // Create a small enough block chain to download and the tester targetBlocks := blockCacheLimit - 15 hashes := createHashes(0, targetBlocks) blocks := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) tester := newTester() tester.newPeer("peer", hashes, blocks) // Synchronise with the peer and test block retrieval if err := tester.downloader.synchronise("peer", hashes[0]); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to synchronise blocks: %v", err) } if took := tester.downloader.TakeBlocks(); len(took) != targetBlocks { t.Fatalf("took block mismatch: have %v, want %v", len(took), targetBlocks) } } // Tests that an inactive downloader will not accept incoming hashes and blocks. func TestInactiveDownloader(t *testing.T) { tester := newTester() // Check that neither hashes nor blocks are accepted if err := tester.downloader.DeliverHashes("bad peer", []common.Hash{}); err != errNoSyncActive { t.Errorf("error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, errNoSyncActive) } if err := tester.downloader.DeliverBlocks("bad peer", []*types.Block{}); err != errNoSyncActive { t.Errorf("error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, errNoSyncActive) } } // Tests that a canceled download wipes all previously accumulated state. func TestCancel(t *testing.T) { // Create a small enough block chain to download and the tester targetBlocks := blockCacheLimit - 15 hashes := createHashes(0, targetBlocks) blocks := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) tester := newTester() tester.newPeer("peer", hashes, blocks) // Synchronise with the peer, but cancel afterwards if err := tester.downloader.synchronise("peer", hashes[0]); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to synchronise blocks: %v", err) } if !tester.downloader.Cancel() { t.Fatalf("cancel operation failed") } // Make sure the queue reports empty and no blocks can be taken hashCount, blockCount := tester.downloader.queue.Size() if hashCount > 0 || blockCount > 0 { t.Errorf("block or hash count mismatch: %d hashes, %d blocks, want 0", hashCount, blockCount) } if took := tester.downloader.TakeBlocks(); len(took) != 0 { t.Errorf("taken blocks mismatch: have %d, want %d", len(took), 0) } } // Tests that if a large batch of blocks are being downloaded, it is throttled // until the cached blocks are retrieved. func TestThrottling(t *testing.T) { // Create a long block chain to download and the tester targetBlocks := 8 * blockCacheLimit hashes := createHashes(0, targetBlocks) blocks := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) tester := newTester() tester.newPeer("peer", hashes, blocks) // Start a synchronisation concurrently errc := make(chan error) go func() { errc <- tester.downloader.synchronise("peer", hashes[0]) }() // Iteratively take some blocks, always checking the retrieval count for total := 0; total < targetBlocks; { // Wait a bit for sync to complete for start := time.Now(); time.Since(start) < 3*time.Second; { time.Sleep(25 * time.Millisecond) if len(tester.downloader.queue.blockPool) == blockCacheLimit { break } } // Fetch the next batch of blocks took := tester.downloader.TakeBlocks() if len(took) != blockCacheLimit { t.Fatalf("block count mismatch: have %v, want %v", len(took), blockCacheLimit) } total += len(took) if total > targetBlocks { t.Fatalf("target block count mismatch: have %v, want %v", total, targetBlocks) } } if err := <-errc; err != nil { t.Fatalf("block synchronization failed: %v", err) } } // Tests that if a peer returns an invalid chain with a block pointing to a non- // existing parent, it is correctly detected and handled. func TestNonExistingParentAttack(t *testing.T) { // Forge a single-link chain with a forged header hashes := createHashes(0, 1) blocks := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) forged := blocks[hashes[0]] forged.ParentHeaderHash = unknownHash // Try and sync with the malicious node and check that it fails tester := newTester() tester.newPeer("attack", hashes, blocks) if err := tester.downloader.synchronise("attack", hashes[0]); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to synchronise blocks: %v", err) } bs := tester.downloader.TakeBlocks() if len(bs) != 1 { t.Fatalf("retrieved block mismatch: have %v, want %v", len(bs), 1) } if tester.hasBlock(bs[0].RawBlock.ParentHash()) { t.Fatalf("tester knows about the unknown hash") } tester.downloader.Cancel() // Reconstruct a valid chain, and try to synchronize with it forged.ParentHeaderHash = knownHash tester.newPeer("valid", hashes, blocks) if err := tester.downloader.synchronise("valid", hashes[0]); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to synchronise blocks: %v", err) } bs = tester.downloader.TakeBlocks() if len(bs) != 1 { t.Fatalf("retrieved block mismatch: have %v, want %v", len(bs), 1) } if !tester.hasBlock(bs[0].RawBlock.ParentHash()) { t.Fatalf("tester doesn't know about the origin hash") } } // Tests that if a malicious peers keeps sending us repeating hashes, we don't // loop indefinitely. func TestRepeatingHashAttack(t *testing.T) { // Create a valid chain, but drop the last link hashes := createHashes(0, blockCacheLimit) blocks := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) forged := hashes[:len(hashes)-1] // Try and sync with the malicious node tester := newTester() tester.newPeer("attack", forged, blocks) errc := make(chan error) go func() { errc <- tester.downloader.synchronise("attack", hashes[0]) }() // Make sure that syncing returns and does so with a failure select { case <-time.After(time.Second): t.Fatalf("synchronisation blocked") case err := <-errc: if err == nil { t.Fatalf("synchronisation succeeded") } } // Ensure that a valid chain can still pass sync tester.newPeer("valid", hashes, blocks) if err := tester.downloader.synchronise("valid", hashes[0]); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to synchronise blocks: %v", err) } } // Tests that if a malicious peers returns a non-existent block hash, it should // eventually time out and the sync reattempted. func TestNonExistingBlockAttack(t *testing.T) { // Create a valid chain, but forge the last link hashes := createHashes(0, blockCacheLimit) blocks := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) origin := hashes[len(hashes)/2] hashes[len(hashes)/2] = unknownHash // Try and sync with the malicious node and check that it fails tester := newTester() tester.newPeer("attack", hashes, blocks) if err := tester.downloader.synchronise("attack", hashes[0]); err != errPeersUnavailable { t.Fatalf("synchronisation error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, errPeersUnavailable) } // Ensure that a valid chain can still pass sync hashes[len(hashes)/2] = origin tester.newPeer("valid", hashes, blocks) if err := tester.downloader.synchronise("valid", hashes[0]); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to synchronise blocks: %v", err) } } // Tests that if a malicious peer is returning hashes in a weird order, that the // sync throttler doesn't choke on them waiting for the valid blocks. func TestInvalidHashOrderAttack(t *testing.T) { // Create a valid long chain, but reverse some hashes within hashes := createHashes(0, 4*blockCacheLimit) blocks := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) chunk1 := make([]common.Hash, blockCacheLimit) chunk2 := make([]common.Hash, blockCacheLimit) copy(chunk1, hashes[blockCacheLimit:2*blockCacheLimit]) copy(chunk2, hashes[2*blockCacheLimit:3*blockCacheLimit]) reverse := make([]common.Hash, len(hashes)) copy(reverse, hashes) copy(reverse[2*blockCacheLimit:], chunk1) copy(reverse[blockCacheLimit:], chunk2) // Try and sync with the malicious node and check that it fails tester := newTester() tester.newPeer("attack", reverse, blocks) if _, err := tester.syncTake("attack", reverse[0]); err != errInvalidChain { t.Fatalf("synchronisation error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, errInvalidChain) } // Ensure that a valid chain can still pass sync tester.newPeer("valid", hashes, blocks) if _, err := tester.syncTake("valid", hashes[0]); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to synchronise blocks: %v", err) } } // Tests that if a malicious peer makes up a random hash chain and tries to push // indefinitely, it actually gets caught with it. func TestMadeupHashChainAttack(t *testing.T) { blockSoftTTL = 100 * time.Millisecond crossCheckCycle = 25 * time.Millisecond // Create a long chain of hashes without backing blocks hashes := createHashes(0, 1024*blockCacheLimit) // Try and sync with the malicious node and check that it fails tester := newTester() tester.newPeer("attack", hashes, nil) if _, err := tester.syncTake("attack", hashes[0]); err != errCrossCheckFailed { t.Fatalf("synchronisation error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, errCrossCheckFailed) } } // Tests that if a malicious peer makes up a random hash chain, and tries to push // indefinitely, one hash at a time, it actually gets caught with it. The reason // this is separate from the classical made up chain attack is that sending hashes // one by one prevents reliable block/parent verification. func TestMadeupHashChainDrippingAttack(t *testing.T) { // Create a random chain of hashes to drip hashes := createHashes(0, 16*blockCacheLimit) tester := newTester() // Try and sync with the attacker, one hash at a time tester.maxHashFetch = 1 tester.newPeer("attack", hashes, nil) if _, err := tester.syncTake("attack", hashes[0]); err != errStallingPeer { t.Fatalf("synchronisation error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, errStallingPeer) } } // Tests that if a malicious peer makes up a random block chain, and tried to // push indefinitely, it actually gets caught with it. func TestMadeupBlockChainAttack(t *testing.T) { defaultBlockTTL := blockSoftTTL defaultCrossCheckCycle := crossCheckCycle blockSoftTTL = 100 * time.Millisecond crossCheckCycle = 25 * time.Millisecond // Create a long chain of blocks and simulate an invalid chain by dropping every second hashes := createHashes(0, 16*blockCacheLimit) blocks := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) gapped := make([]common.Hash, len(hashes)/2) for i := 0; i < len(gapped); i++ { gapped[i] = hashes[2*i] } // Try and sync with the malicious node and check that it fails tester := newTester() tester.newPeer("attack", gapped, blocks) if _, err := tester.syncTake("attack", gapped[0]); err != errCrossCheckFailed { t.Fatalf("synchronisation error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, errCrossCheckFailed) } // Ensure that a valid chain can still pass sync blockSoftTTL = defaultBlockTTL crossCheckCycle = defaultCrossCheckCycle tester.newPeer("valid", hashes, blocks) if _, err := tester.syncTake("valid", hashes[0]); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to synchronise blocks: %v", err) } } // Advanced form of the above forged blockchain attack, where not only does the // attacker make up a valid hashes for random blocks, but also forges the block // parents to point to existing hashes. func TestMadeupParentBlockChainAttack(t *testing.T) { defaultBlockTTL := blockSoftTTL defaultCrossCheckCycle := crossCheckCycle blockSoftTTL = 100 * time.Millisecond crossCheckCycle = 25 * time.Millisecond // Create a long chain of blocks and simulate an invalid chain by dropping every second hashes := createHashes(0, 16*blockCacheLimit) blocks := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) forges := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) for hash, block := range forges { block.ParentHeaderHash = hash // Simulate pointing to already known hash } // Try and sync with the malicious node and check that it fails tester := newTester() tester.newPeer("attack", hashes, forges) if _, err := tester.syncTake("attack", hashes[0]); err != errCrossCheckFailed { t.Fatalf("synchronisation error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, errCrossCheckFailed) } // Ensure that a valid chain can still pass sync blockSoftTTL = defaultBlockTTL crossCheckCycle = defaultCrossCheckCycle tester.newPeer("valid", hashes, blocks) if _, err := tester.syncTake("valid", hashes[0]); err != nil { t.Fatalf("failed to synchronise blocks: %v", err) } } // Tests that if one/multiple malicious peers try to feed a banned blockchain to // the downloader, it will not keep refetching the same chain indefinitely, but // gradually block pieces of it, until it's head is also blocked. func TestBannedChainStarvationAttack(t *testing.T) { // Construct a valid chain, but ban one of the hashes in it hashes := createHashes(0, 8*blockCacheLimit) hashes[len(hashes)/2+23] = bannedHash // weird index to have non multiple of ban chunk size blocks := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) // Create the tester and ban the selected hash tester := newTester() tester.downloader.banned.Add(bannedHash) // Iteratively try to sync, and verify that the banned hash list grows until // the head of the invalid chain is blocked too. tester.newPeer("attack", hashes, blocks) for banned := tester.downloader.banned.Size(); ; { // Try to sync with the attacker, check hash chain failure if _, err := tester.syncTake("attack", hashes[0]); err != errInvalidChain { t.Fatalf("synchronisation error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, errInvalidChain) } // Check that the ban list grew with at least 1 new item, or all banned bans := tester.downloader.banned.Size() if bans < banned+1 { if tester.downloader.banned.Has(hashes[0]) { break } t.Fatalf("ban count mismatch: have %v, want %v+", bans, banned+1) } banned = bans } // Check that after banning an entire chain, bad peers get dropped if err := tester.newPeer("new attacker", hashes, blocks); err != errBannedHead { t.Fatalf("peer registration mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, errBannedHead) } if peer := tester.downloader.peers.Peer("net attacker"); peer != nil { t.Fatalf("banned attacker registered: %v", peer) } } // Tests that if a peer sends excessively many/large invalid chains that are // gradually banned, it will have an upper limit on the consumed memory and also // the origin bad hashes will not be evacuated. func TestBannedChainMemoryExhaustionAttack(t *testing.T) { // Reduce the test size a bit MaxBlockFetch = 4 maxBannedHashes = 256 // Construct a banned chain with more chunks than the ban limit hashes := createHashes(0, maxBannedHashes*MaxBlockFetch) hashes[len(hashes)-1] = bannedHash // weird index to have non multiple of ban chunk size blocks := createBlocksFromHashes(hashes) // Create the tester and ban the selected hash tester := newTester() tester.downloader.banned.Add(bannedHash) // Iteratively try to sync, and verify that the banned hash list grows until // the head of the invalid chain is blocked too. tester.newPeer("attack", hashes, blocks) for { // Try to sync with the attacker, check hash chain failure if _, err := tester.syncTake("attack", hashes[0]); err != errInvalidChain { t.Fatalf("synchronisation error mismatch: have %v, want %v", err, errInvalidChain) } // Short circuit if the entire chain was banned if tester.downloader.banned.Has(hashes[0]) { break } // Otherwise ensure we never exceed the memory allowance and the hard coded bans are untouched if bans := tester.downloader.banned.Size(); bans > maxBannedHashes { t.Fatalf("ban cap exceeded: have %v, want max %v", bans, maxBannedHashes) } for hash, _ := range core.BadHashes { if !tester.downloader.banned.Has(hash) { t.Fatalf("hard coded ban evacuated: %x", hash) } } } }