diff --git a/components/zcash_address/CHANGELOG.md b/components/zcash_address/CHANGELOG.md
index daa450611..00e90bc81 100644
--- a/components/zcash_address/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/components/zcash_address/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -9,11 +9,26 @@ and this library adheres to Rust's notion of
 
 ### Added
 - `zcash_address::ZcashAddress::{can_receive_memo, can_receive_as, matches_receiver}`
-- `zcash_address::unified::Address::{can_receive_memo, has_receiver_of_type, contains_receiver}`
+- `zcash_address::unified`:
+  - `Address::{can_receive_memo, has_receiver_of_type, contains_receiver, receivers}`
+  - `DataTypecode`
+  - `MetadataTypecode`
+  - `Item`
+  - `MetadataItem`
 - Module `zcash_address::testing` under the `test-dependencies` feature.
 - Module `zcash_address::unified::address::testing` under the 
   `test-dependencies` feature.
 
+### Changed
+- `zcash_address::unified`:
+  - `Typecode` has changed. Instead of having a variant for each receiver type,
+    it now has two variants, `Typecode::Data` and `Typecode::Metadata`.
+
+### Removed
+- `zcash_address::unified::Container::items` Preference order is only
+  significant when considering unified address receivers; use
+  `Address::receivers` instead.
+
 ## [0.3.2] - 2024-03-06
 ### Added
 - `zcash_address::convert`:
diff --git a/components/zcash_address/Cargo.toml b/components/zcash_address/Cargo.toml
index c51b9f764..aa2d8c9f7 100644
--- a/components/zcash_address/Cargo.toml
+++ b/components/zcash_address/Cargo.toml
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ proptest = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 assert_matches.workspace = true
+proptest.workspace = true
 
 [features]
 test-dependencies = ["dep:proptest"]
diff --git a/components/zcash_address/src/encoding.rs b/components/zcash_address/src/encoding.rs
index a0d3c117d..a39b24db2 100644
--- a/components/zcash_address/src/encoding.rs
+++ b/components/zcash_address/src/encoding.rs
@@ -180,7 +180,11 @@ mod tests {
     use assert_matches::assert_matches;
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::{kind::unified, Network};
+    use crate::{
+        kind::unified,
+        unified::{Item, Receiver},
+        Network,
+    };
 
     fn encoding(encoded: &str, decoded: ZcashAddress) {
         assert_eq!(decoded.to_string(), encoded);
@@ -230,21 +234,21 @@ mod tests {
             "u1qpatys4zruk99pg59gcscrt7y6akvl9vrhcfyhm9yxvxz7h87q6n8cgrzzpe9zru68uq39uhmlpp5uefxu0su5uqyqfe5zp3tycn0ecl",
             ZcashAddress {
                 net: Network::Main,
-                kind: AddressKind::Unified(unified::Address(vec![unified::address::Receiver::Sapling([0; 43])])),
+                kind: AddressKind::Unified(unified::Address(vec![Item::Data(Receiver::Sapling([0; 43]))])),
             },
         );
         encoding(
             "utest10c5kutapazdnf8ztl3pu43nkfsjx89fy3uuff8tsmxm6s86j37pe7uz94z5jhkl49pqe8yz75rlsaygexk6jpaxwx0esjr8wm5ut7d5s",
             ZcashAddress {
                 net: Network::Test,
-                kind: AddressKind::Unified(unified::Address(vec![unified::address::Receiver::Sapling([0; 43])])),
+                kind: AddressKind::Unified(unified::Address(vec![Item::Data(Receiver::Sapling([0; 43]))])),
             },
         );
         encoding(
             "uregtest15xk7vj4grjkay6mnfl93dhsflc2yeunhxwdh38rul0rq3dfhzzxgm5szjuvtqdha4t4p2q02ks0jgzrhjkrav70z9xlvq0plpcjkd5z3",
             ZcashAddress {
                 net: Network::Regtest,
-                kind: AddressKind::Unified(unified::Address(vec![unified::address::Receiver::Sapling([0; 43])])),
+                kind: AddressKind::Unified(unified::Address(vec![Item::Data(Receiver::Sapling([0; 43]))])),
             },
         );
 
diff --git a/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified.rs b/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified.rs
index 8f5ea1903..5cda10971 100644
--- a/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified.rs
+++ b/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use std::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::num::TryFromIntError;
+use zcash_encoding::MAX_COMPACT_SIZE;
 
 use crate::Network;
 
@@ -22,9 +23,9 @@ const PADDING_LEN: usize = 16;
 /// The known Receiver and Viewing Key types.
 ///
 /// The typecodes `0xFFFA..=0xFFFF` reserved for experiments are currently not
-/// distinguished from unknown values, and will be parsed as [`Typecode::Unknown`].
+/// distinguished from unknown values, and will be parsed as [`DataTypecode::Unknown`].
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub enum Typecode {
+pub enum DataTypecode {
     /// A transparent P2PKH address, FVK, or IVK encoding as specified in [ZIP 316](https://zips.z.cash/zip-0316).
     P2pkh,
     /// A transparent P2SH address.
@@ -39,7 +40,37 @@ pub enum Typecode {
     Unknown(u32),
 }
 
-impl Typecode {
+impl TryFrom<u32> for DataTypecode {
+    type Error = ();
+
+    fn try_from(typecode: u32) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match typecode {
+            0x00 => Ok(DataTypecode::P2pkh),
+            0x01 => Ok(DataTypecode::P2sh),
+            0x02 => Ok(DataTypecode::Sapling),
+            0x03 => Ok(DataTypecode::Orchard),
+            0x04..=0xBF | 0xFD..=MAX_COMPACT_SIZE => Ok(DataTypecode::Unknown(typecode)),
+            _ => Err(()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<DataTypecode> for u32 {
+    fn from(t: DataTypecode) -> Self {
+        match t {
+            DataTypecode::P2pkh => 0x00,
+            DataTypecode::P2sh => 0x01,
+            DataTypecode::Sapling => 0x02,
+            DataTypecode::Orchard => 0x03,
+            DataTypecode::Unknown(typecode) => typecode,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DataTypecode {
+    /// A total ordering over the data typecodes that can be used to sort
+    /// receivers and/or key items in order of decreasing priority,
+    /// as specified in [ZIP 316](https://zips.z.cash/zip-0316#encoding-of-unified-addresses)
     pub fn preference_order(a: &Self, b: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering {
         match (a, b) {
             // Trivial equality checks.
@@ -69,51 +100,203 @@ impl Typecode {
             (_, Self::P2pkh) => cmp::Ordering::Greater,
         }
     }
+}
 
-    pub fn encoding_order(a: &Self, b: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering {
-        u32::from(*a).cmp(&u32::from(*b))
+/// The known Metadata Typecodes
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum MetadataTypecode {
+    /// Expiration height metadata as specified in [ZIP 316, Revision 1](https://zips.z.cash/zip-0316)
+    ExpiryHeight,
+    /// Expiration height metadata as specified in [ZIP 316, Revision 1](https://zips.z.cash/zip-0316)
+    ExpiryTime,
+    /// An unknown MUST-understand metadata item as specified in
+    /// [ZIP 316, Revision 1](https://zips.z.cash/zip-0316)
+    ///
+    /// A parser encountering this typecode MUST halt with an error.
+    MustUnderstand(u32),
+    /// An unknown metadata item as specified in [ZIP 316, Revision 1](https://zips.z.cash/zip-0316)
+    Unknown(u32),
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u32> for MetadataTypecode {
+    type Error = ();
+
+    fn try_from(typecode: u32) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match typecode {
+            0xC0..=0xDF => Ok(MetadataTypecode::Unknown(typecode)),
+            0xE0 => Ok(MetadataTypecode::ExpiryHeight),
+            0xE1 => Ok(MetadataTypecode::ExpiryTime),
+            0xE2..=0xFC => Ok(MetadataTypecode::MustUnderstand(typecode)),
+            _ => Err(()),
+        }
     }
 }
 
+impl From<MetadataTypecode> for u32 {
+    fn from(t: MetadataTypecode) -> Self {
+        match t {
+            MetadataTypecode::ExpiryHeight => 0xE0,
+            MetadataTypecode::ExpiryTime => 0xE1,
+            MetadataTypecode::MustUnderstand(value) => value,
+            MetadataTypecode::Unknown(value) => value,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An enumeration of the Unified Container Item Typecodes.
+///
+/// Unified Address Items are partitioned into two sets: data items, which include
+/// receivers and viewing keys, and metadata items.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum Typecode {
+    /// A data (receiver or viewing key) typecode.
+    Data(DataTypecode),
+    /// A metadata typecode.
+    Metadata(MetadataTypecode),
+}
+
+impl Typecode {
+    /// The typecode for p2pkh data items.
+    pub const P2PKH: Typecode = Typecode::Data(DataTypecode::P2pkh);
+    /// The typecode for p2sh data items.
+    pub const P2SH: Typecode = Typecode::Data(DataTypecode::P2sh);
+    /// The typecode for Sapling data items.
+    pub const SAPLING: Typecode = Typecode::Data(DataTypecode::Sapling);
+    /// The typecode for Orchard data items.
+    pub const ORCHARD: Typecode = Typecode::Data(DataTypecode::Orchard);
+}
+
 impl TryFrom<u32> for Typecode {
     type Error = ParseError;
 
     fn try_from(typecode: u32) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        match typecode {
-            0x00 => Ok(Typecode::P2pkh),
-            0x01 => Ok(Typecode::P2sh),
-            0x02 => Ok(Typecode::Sapling),
-            0x03 => Ok(Typecode::Orchard),
-            0x04..=0x02000000 => Ok(Typecode::Unknown(typecode)),
-            0x02000001..=u32::MAX => Err(ParseError::InvalidTypecodeValue(typecode as u64)),
-        }
+        DataTypecode::try_from(typecode)
+            .map_or_else(
+                |()| MetadataTypecode::try_from(typecode).map(Typecode::Metadata),
+                |t| Ok(Typecode::Data(t)),
+            )
+            .map_err(|()| ParseError::InvalidTypecodeValue(typecode))
     }
 }
 
 impl From<Typecode> for u32 {
     fn from(t: Typecode) -> Self {
         match t {
-            Typecode::P2pkh => 0x00,
-            Typecode::P2sh => 0x01,
-            Typecode::Sapling => 0x02,
-            Typecode::Orchard => 0x03,
-            Typecode::Unknown(typecode) => typecode,
+            Typecode::Data(tc) => tc.into(),
+            Typecode::Metadata(tc) => tc.into(),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl TryFrom<Typecode> for usize {
     type Error = TryFromIntError;
+
     fn try_from(t: Typecode) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         u32::from(t).try_into()
     }
 }
 
-impl Typecode {
-    fn is_transparent(&self) -> bool {
-        // Unknown typecodes are treated as not transparent for the purpose of disallowing
-        // only-transparent UAs, which can be represented with existing address encodings.
-        matches!(self, Typecode::P2pkh | Typecode::P2sh)
+/// An enumeration of known Unified Metadata Item types.
+///
+/// Unknown MUST-understand metadata items are NOT represented using this type, as the presence of
+/// an unrecognized metadata item with a typecode in the `MUST-understand` range will result in a
+/// parse failure, instead of the construction of a metadata item.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum MetadataItem {
+    /// The expiry height for a Unified Address or Unified Viewing Key
+    ExpiryHeight(u32),
+    /// The expiry time for a Unified Address or Unified Viewing Key
+    ExpiryTime(u64),
+    /// A Metadata Item with an unrecognized Typecode. MUST-understand metadata items are NOT
+    /// represented using this type, as the presence of an unrecognized metadata item with a
+    /// typecode in the `MUST-understand` range will result in a parse failure.
+    Unknown { typecode: u32, data: Vec<u8> },
+}
+
+impl MetadataItem {
+    /// Parse a metadata item for the specified metadata typecode from the provided bytes.
+    pub fn parse(typecode: MetadataTypecode, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
+        match typecode {
+            MetadataTypecode::ExpiryHeight => data
+                .try_into()
+                .map(u32::from_le_bytes)
+                .map(MetadataItem::ExpiryHeight)
+                .map_err(|_| {
+                    ParseError::InvalidEncoding(
+                        "Expiry height must be a 32-bit little-endian value.".to_string(),
+                    )
+                }),
+            MetadataTypecode::ExpiryTime => data
+                .try_into()
+                .map(u64::from_le_bytes)
+                .map(MetadataItem::ExpiryTime)
+                .map_err(|_| {
+                    ParseError::InvalidEncoding(
+                        "Expiry time must be a 64-bit little-endian value.".to_string(),
+                    )
+                }),
+            MetadataTypecode::MustUnderstand(tc) => Err(ParseError::NotUnderstood(tc)),
+            MetadataTypecode::Unknown(typecode) => Ok(MetadataItem::Unknown {
+                typecode,
+                data: data.to_vec(),
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the typecode for this metadata item.
+    pub fn typecode(&self) -> MetadataTypecode {
+        match self {
+            MetadataItem::ExpiryHeight(_) => MetadataTypecode::ExpiryHeight,
+            MetadataItem::ExpiryTime(_) => MetadataTypecode::ExpiryTime,
+            MetadataItem::Unknown { typecode, .. } => MetadataTypecode::Unknown(*typecode),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the raw bytes of this metadata item.
+    pub fn data(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        match self {
+            MetadataItem::ExpiryHeight(h) => h.to_le_bytes().to_vec(),
+            MetadataItem::ExpiryTime(t) => t.to_le_bytes().to_vec(),
+            MetadataItem::Unknown { data, .. } => data.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Unified Encoding Item.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum Item<T> {
+    /// A data item; either a receiver (for Unified Addresses) or a key (for Unified Viewing Keys)
+    Data(T),
+    /// A metadata item.
+    Metadata(MetadataItem),
+}
+
+impl<T: private::SealedDataItem> Item<T> {
+    /// Returns the typecode for this item.
+    pub fn typecode(&self) -> Typecode {
+        match self {
+            Item::Data(d) => Typecode::Data(d.typecode()),
+            Item::Metadata(m) => Typecode::Metadata(m.typecode()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The total ordering over items by their typecodes, used for encoding as specified
+    /// in [ZIP 316](https://zips.z.cash/zip-0316#encoding-of-unified-addresses)
+    pub fn encoding_order(a: &Self, b: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering {
+        u32::from(a.typecode()).cmp(&u32::from(b.typecode()))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the raw binary representation of the data for this item.
+    pub fn data(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        match self {
+            Item::Data(d) => d.data().to_vec(),
+            Item::Metadata(m) => m.data(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether this item is a transparent receiver or key.
+    pub fn is_transparent_data_item(&self) -> bool {
+        self.typecode() == Typecode::P2PKH || self.typecode() == Typecode::P2SH
     }
 }
 
@@ -125,7 +308,7 @@ pub enum ParseError {
     /// The unified container contains a duplicated typecode.
     DuplicateTypecode(Typecode),
     /// The parsed typecode exceeds the maximum allowed CompactSize value.
-    InvalidTypecodeValue(u64),
+    InvalidTypecodeValue(u32),
     /// The string is an invalid encoding.
     InvalidEncoding(String),
     /// The items in the unified container are not in typecode order.
@@ -136,6 +319,8 @@ pub enum ParseError {
     NotUnified,
     /// The Bech32m string has an unrecognized human-readable prefix.
     UnknownPrefix(String),
+    /// A `MUST-understand` metadata item was not recognized.
+    NotUnderstood(u32),
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for ParseError {
@@ -151,6 +336,13 @@ impl fmt::Display for ParseError {
             ParseError::UnknownPrefix(s) => {
                 write!(f, "Unrecognized Bech32m human-readable prefix: {}", s)
             }
+            ParseError::NotUnderstood(tc) => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "MUST-understand metadata item with typecode {} was not recognized; please upgrade.",
+                    tc
+                )
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -158,33 +350,27 @@ impl fmt::Display for ParseError {
 impl Error for ParseError {}
 
 pub(crate) mod private {
-    use super::{ParseError, Typecode, PADDING_LEN};
-    use crate::Network;
+    use super::{DataTypecode, ParseError, Typecode, PADDING_LEN};
+    use crate::{
+        unified::{Item, MetadataItem},
+        Network,
+    };
     use std::{
-        cmp,
         convert::{TryFrom, TryInto},
         io::Write,
     };
     use zcash_encoding::CompactSize;
 
     /// A raw address or viewing key.
-    pub trait SealedItem: for<'a> TryFrom<(u32, &'a [u8]), Error = ParseError> + Clone {
-        fn typecode(&self) -> Typecode;
+    pub trait SealedDataItem: Clone {
+        /// Parse a data item for the specified data typecode from the provided bytes.
+        fn parse(tc: DataTypecode, value: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, ParseError>;
+
+        /// Returns the typecode of this data item.
+        fn typecode(&self) -> DataTypecode;
+
+        /// Returns the raw bytes of this data item.
         fn data(&self) -> &[u8];
-
-        fn preference_order(a: &Self, b: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering {
-            match Typecode::preference_order(&a.typecode(), &b.typecode()) {
-                cmp::Ordering::Equal => a.data().cmp(b.data()),
-                res => res,
-            }
-        }
-
-        fn encoding_order(a: &Self, b: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering {
-            match Typecode::encoding_order(&a.typecode(), &b.typecode()) {
-                cmp::Ordering::Equal => a.data().cmp(b.data()),
-                res => res,
-            }
-        }
     }
 
     /// A Unified Container containing addresses or viewing keys.
@@ -196,7 +382,7 @@ pub(crate) mod private {
         /// Implementations of this method should act as unchecked constructors
         /// of the container type; the caller is guaranteed to check the
         /// general invariants that apply to all unified containers.
-        fn from_inner(items: Vec<Self::Item>) -> Self;
+        fn from_inner(items: Vec<Item<Self::DataItem>>) -> Self;
 
         fn network_hrp(network: &Network) -> &'static str {
             match network {
@@ -227,7 +413,7 @@ pub(crate) mod private {
                 )
                 .unwrap();
                 CompactSize::write(&mut writer, data.len()).unwrap();
-                writer.write_all(data).unwrap();
+                writer.write_all(&data).unwrap();
             }
         }
 
@@ -248,10 +434,13 @@ pub(crate) mod private {
         }
 
         /// Parse the items of the unified container.
-        fn parse_items<T: Into<Vec<u8>>>(hrp: &str, buf: T) -> Result<Vec<Self::Item>, ParseError> {
-            fn read_receiver<R: SealedItem>(
+        fn parse_items<T: Into<Vec<u8>>>(
+            hrp: &str,
+            buf: T,
+        ) -> Result<Vec<Item<Self::DataItem>>, ParseError> {
+            fn read_receiver<R: SealedDataItem>(
                 mut cursor: &mut std::io::Cursor<&[u8]>,
-            ) -> Result<R, ParseError> {
+            ) -> Result<Item<R>, ParseError> {
                 let typecode = CompactSize::read(&mut cursor)
                     .map(|v| u32::try_from(v).expect("CompactSize::read enforces MAX_SIZE limit"))
                     .map_err(|e| {
@@ -279,12 +468,13 @@ pub(crate) mod private {
                         length
                     )));
                 }
-                let result = R::try_from((
-                    typecode,
-                    &buf[cursor.position() as usize..addr_end as usize],
-                ));
+                let data = &buf[cursor.position() as usize..addr_end as usize];
+                let result = match Typecode::try_from(typecode)? {
+                    Typecode::Data(tc) => Item::Data(R::parse(tc, data)?),
+                    Typecode::Metadata(tc) => Item::Metadata(MetadataItem::parse(tc, data)?),
+                };
                 cursor.set_position(addr_end);
-                result
+                Ok(result)
             }
 
             // Here we allocate if necessary to get a mutable Vec<u8> to unjumble.
@@ -320,8 +510,8 @@ pub(crate) mod private {
 
         /// A private function that constructs a unified container with the
         /// specified items, which must be in ascending typecode order.
-        fn try_from_items_internal(items: Vec<Self::Item>) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
-            assert!(u32::from(Typecode::P2sh) == u32::from(Typecode::P2pkh) + 1);
+        fn try_from_items_internal(items: Vec<Item<Self::DataItem>>) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
+            assert!(u32::from(Typecode::P2SH) == u32::from(Typecode::P2PKH) + 1);
 
             let mut only_transparent = true;
             let mut prev_code = None; // less than any Some
@@ -332,13 +522,15 @@ pub(crate) mod private {
                     return Err(ParseError::InvalidTypecodeOrder);
                 } else if t_code == prev_code {
                     return Err(ParseError::DuplicateTypecode(t));
-                } else if t == Typecode::P2sh && prev_code == Some(u32::from(Typecode::P2pkh)) {
+                } else if t == Typecode::Data(DataTypecode::P2sh)
+                    && prev_code == Some(u32::from(DataTypecode::P2pkh))
+                {
                     // P2pkh and P2sh can only be in that order and next to each other,
                     // otherwise we would detect an out-of-order or duplicate typecode.
                     return Err(ParseError::BothP2phkAndP2sh);
                 } else {
                     prev_code = t_code;
-                    only_transparent = only_transparent && t.is_transparent();
+                    only_transparent = only_transparent && item.is_transparent_data_item();
                 }
             }
 
@@ -356,13 +548,14 @@ pub(crate) mod private {
     }
 }
 
-use private::SealedItem;
+use private::SealedDataItem;
 
 /// Trait providing common encoding and decoding logic for Unified containers.
 pub trait Encoding: private::SealedContainer {
-    /// Constructs a value of a unified container type from a vector
-    /// of container items, sorted according to typecode as specified
-    /// in ZIP 316.
+    /// Constructs a value of a unified container type from a vector of container
+    /// items. These items will be sorted according to typecode as specified in ZIP
+    /// 316, so this method is not necessarily round-trip compatible with
+    /// [`Container::items_as_parsed`].
     ///
     /// This function will return an error in the case that the following ZIP 316
     /// invariants concerning the composition of a unified container are
@@ -370,8 +563,8 @@ pub trait Encoding: private::SealedContainer {
     /// * the item list may not contain two items having the same typecode
     /// * the item list may not contain only transparent items (or no items)
     /// * the item list may not contain both P2PKH and P2SH items.
-    fn try_from_items(mut items: Vec<Self::Item>) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
-        items.sort_unstable_by(Self::Item::encoding_order);
+    fn try_from_items(mut items: Vec<Item<Self::DataItem>>) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
+        items.sort_unstable_by(Item::encoding_order);
         Self::try_from_items_internal(items)
     }
 
@@ -411,20 +604,9 @@ pub trait Encoding: private::SealedContainer {
 
 /// Trait for for Unified containers, that exposes the items within them.
 pub trait Container {
-    /// The type of item in this unified container.
-    type Item: SealedItem;
+    /// The type of data items in this unified container.
+    type DataItem: SealedDataItem;
 
-    /// Returns the items contained within this container, sorted in preference order.
-    fn items(&self) -> Vec<Self::Item> {
-        let mut items = self.items_as_parsed().to_vec();
-        // Unstable sorting is fine, because all items are guaranteed by construction
-        // to have distinct typecodes.
-        items.sort_unstable_by(Self::Item::preference_order);
-        items
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the items in the order they were parsed from the string encoding.
-    ///
-    /// This API is for advanced usage; in most cases you should use `Self::items`.
-    fn items_as_parsed(&self) -> &[Self::Item];
+    /// Returns the items in encoding order.
+    fn items_as_parsed(&self) -> &[Item<Self::DataItem>];
 }
diff --git a/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified/address.rs b/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified/address.rs
index 00d3c5c54..7b6e0f24f 100644
--- a/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified/address.rs
+++ b/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified/address.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use zcash_protocol::{PoolType, ShieldedProtocol};
 
-use super::{private::SealedItem, ParseError, Typecode};
+use super::{private::SealedDataItem, DataTypecode, Item, ParseError};
 
-use std::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
+use std::{cmp, convert::TryInto};
 
-/// The set of known Receivers for Unified Addresses.
+/// The enumeration of Unified Address Receivers of known types.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum Receiver {
     Orchard([u8; 43]),
@@ -14,34 +14,39 @@ pub enum Receiver {
     Unknown { typecode: u32, data: Vec<u8> },
 }
 
-impl TryFrom<(u32, &[u8])> for Receiver {
-    type Error = ParseError;
-
-    fn try_from((typecode, addr): (u32, &[u8])) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        match typecode.try_into()? {
-            Typecode::P2pkh => addr.try_into().map(Receiver::P2pkh),
-            Typecode::P2sh => addr.try_into().map(Receiver::P2sh),
-            Typecode::Sapling => addr.try_into().map(Receiver::Sapling),
-            Typecode::Orchard => addr.try_into().map(Receiver::Orchard),
-            Typecode::Unknown(_) => Ok(Receiver::Unknown {
-                typecode,
-                data: addr.to_vec(),
-            }),
-        }
-        .map_err(|e| {
-            ParseError::InvalidEncoding(format!("Invalid address for typecode {}: {}", typecode, e))
-        })
+impl Receiver {
+    fn preference_order(a: &Self, b: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering {
+        DataTypecode::preference_order(&a.typecode(), &b.typecode())
     }
 }
 
-impl SealedItem for Receiver {
-    fn typecode(&self) -> Typecode {
+impl SealedDataItem for Receiver {
+    fn parse(typecode: DataTypecode, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
+        match typecode {
+            DataTypecode::P2pkh => data.try_into().map(Receiver::P2pkh),
+            DataTypecode::P2sh => data.try_into().map(Receiver::P2sh),
+            DataTypecode::Sapling => data.try_into().map(Receiver::Sapling),
+            DataTypecode::Orchard => data.try_into().map(Receiver::Orchard),
+            DataTypecode::Unknown(typecode) => Ok(Receiver::Unknown {
+                typecode,
+                data: data.to_vec(),
+            }),
+        }
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            ParseError::InvalidEncoding(format!(
+                "Invalid address for typecode {:?}: {:?}",
+                typecode, e
+            ))
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn typecode(&self) -> DataTypecode {
         match self {
-            Receiver::P2pkh(_) => Typecode::P2pkh,
-            Receiver::P2sh(_) => Typecode::P2sh,
-            Receiver::Sapling(_) => Typecode::Sapling,
-            Receiver::Orchard(_) => Typecode::Orchard,
-            Receiver::Unknown { typecode, .. } => Typecode::Unknown(*typecode),
+            Receiver::P2pkh(_) => DataTypecode::P2pkh,
+            Receiver::P2sh(_) => DataTypecode::P2sh,
+            Receiver::Sapling(_) => DataTypecode::Sapling,
+            Receiver::Orchard(_) => DataTypecode::Orchard,
+            Receiver::Unknown { typecode, .. } => DataTypecode::Unknown(*typecode),
         }
     }
 
@@ -64,7 +69,7 @@ impl SealedItem for Receiver {
 /// # use std::convert::Infallible;
 /// # use std::error::Error;
 /// use zcash_address::{
-///     unified::{self, Container, Encoding},
+///     unified::{self, Container, Encoding, Item},
 ///     ConversionError, TryFromRawAddress, ZcashAddress,
 /// };
 ///
@@ -92,38 +97,69 @@ impl SealedItem for Receiver {
 ///
 /// // We can obtain the receivers for the UA in preference order
 /// // (the order in which wallets should prefer to use them):
-/// let receivers: Vec<unified::Receiver> = ua.items();
+/// let receivers: Vec<unified::Receiver> = ua.receivers();
 ///
 /// // And we can create the UA from a list of receivers:
-/// let new_ua = unified::Address::try_from_items(receivers)?;
+/// let new_ua = unified::Address::try_from_items(receivers.into_iter().map(Item::Data).collect())?;
 /// assert_eq!(new_ua, ua);
 /// # Ok(())
 /// # }
 /// ```
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Address(pub(crate) Vec<Receiver>);
+pub struct Address(pub(crate) Vec<Item<Receiver>>);
+
+impl Address {
+    /// Returns the receiver items for this address, in order of decreasing preference.
+    ///
+    /// The receiver for a wallet to send to can safely be chosen by selecting the first receiver
+    /// of a type that wallet supports from the result.
+    pub fn receivers(&self) -> Vec<Receiver> {
+        let mut result = self
+            .0
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|item| match item {
+                Item::Data(r) => Some(r.clone()),
+                Item::Metadata(_) => None,
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<Receiver>>();
+        result.sort_unstable_by(Receiver::preference_order);
+        result
+    }
+}
 
 impl Address {
     /// Returns whether this address has the ability to receive transfers of the given pool type.
     pub fn has_receiver_of_type(&self, pool_type: PoolType) -> bool {
-        self.0.iter().any(|r| match r {
-            Receiver::Orchard(_) => pool_type == PoolType::Shielded(ShieldedProtocol::Orchard),
-            Receiver::Sapling(_) => pool_type == PoolType::Shielded(ShieldedProtocol::Sapling),
-            Receiver::P2pkh(_) | Receiver::P2sh(_) => pool_type == PoolType::Transparent,
-            Receiver::Unknown { .. } => false,
+        self.0.iter().any(|item| match item {
+            Item::Data(Receiver::Orchard(_)) => {
+                pool_type == PoolType::Shielded(ShieldedProtocol::Orchard)
+            }
+            Item::Data(Receiver::Sapling(_)) => {
+                pool_type == PoolType::Shielded(ShieldedProtocol::Sapling)
+            }
+            Item::Data(Receiver::P2pkh(_)) | Item::Data(Receiver::P2sh(_)) => {
+                pool_type == PoolType::Transparent
+            }
+            Item::Data(Receiver::Unknown { .. }) => false,
+            Item::Metadata(_) => false,
         })
     }
 
     /// Returns whether this address contains the given receiver.
     pub fn contains_receiver(&self, receiver: &Receiver) -> bool {
-        self.0.contains(receiver)
+        self.0
+            .iter()
+            .any(|item| matches!(item, Item::Data(r) if r == receiver))
     }
 
     /// Returns whether this address can receive a memo.
     pub fn can_receive_memo(&self) -> bool {
-        self.0
-            .iter()
-            .any(|r| matches!(r, Receiver::Sapling(_) | Receiver::Orchard(_)))
+        self.0.iter().any(|r| {
+            matches!(
+                r,
+                Item::Data(Receiver::Sapling(_)) | Item::Data(Receiver::Orchard(_))
+            )
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -145,21 +181,21 @@ impl super::private::SealedContainer for Address {
     /// The HRP for a Bech32m-encoded regtest Unified Address.
     const REGTEST: &'static str = "uregtest";
 
-    fn from_inner(receivers: Vec<Self::Item>) -> Self {
+    fn from_inner(receivers: Vec<Item<Self::DataItem>>) -> Self {
         Self(receivers)
     }
 }
 
 impl super::Encoding for Address {}
 impl super::Container for Address {
-    type Item = Receiver;
+    type DataItem = Receiver;
 
-    fn items_as_parsed(&self) -> &[Receiver] {
+    fn items_as_parsed(&self) -> &[Item<Receiver>] {
         &self.0
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "test-dependencies")]
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-dependencies"))]
 pub mod testing {
     use proptest::{
         array::{uniform11, uniform20, uniform32},
@@ -168,10 +204,10 @@ pub mod testing {
         sample::select,
         strategy::Strategy,
     };
-    use zcash_encoding::MAX_COMPACT_SIZE;
 
     use super::{Address, Receiver};
-    use crate::unified::Typecode;
+    use crate::unified::{DataTypecode, Item};
+    use zcash_encoding::MAX_COMPACT_SIZE;
 
     prop_compose! {
         fn uniform43()(a in uniform11(0u8..), b in uniform32(0u8..)) -> [u8; 43] {
@@ -183,61 +219,62 @@ pub mod testing {
     }
 
     /// A strategy to generate an arbitrary transparent typecode.
-    pub fn arb_transparent_typecode() -> impl Strategy<Value = Typecode> {
-        select(vec![Typecode::P2pkh, Typecode::P2sh])
+    fn arb_transparent_typecode() -> impl Strategy<Value = DataTypecode> {
+        select(vec![DataTypecode::P2pkh, DataTypecode::P2sh])
     }
 
     /// A strategy to generate an arbitrary shielded (Sapling, Orchard, or unknown) typecode.
-    pub fn arb_shielded_typecode() -> impl Strategy<Value = Typecode> {
+    fn arb_shielded_typecode() -> impl Strategy<Value = DataTypecode> {
         prop_oneof![
-            Just(Typecode::Sapling),
-            Just(Typecode::Orchard),
-            ((<u32>::from(Typecode::Orchard) + 1)..MAX_COMPACT_SIZE).prop_map(Typecode::Unknown)
+            Just(DataTypecode::Sapling),
+            Just(DataTypecode::Orchard),
+            ((<u32>::from(DataTypecode::Orchard) + 1)..MAX_COMPACT_SIZE)
+                .prop_map(DataTypecode::Unknown)
         ]
     }
 
     /// A strategy to generate an arbitrary valid set of typecodes without
     /// duplication and containing only one of P2sh and P2pkh transparent
     /// typecodes. The resulting vector will be sorted in encoding order.
-    pub fn arb_typecodes() -> impl Strategy<Value = Vec<Typecode>> {
+    fn arb_typecodes() -> impl Strategy<Value = Vec<DataTypecode>> {
         prop::option::of(arb_transparent_typecode()).prop_flat_map(|transparent| {
-            prop::collection::hash_set(arb_shielded_typecode(), 1..4).prop_map(move |xs| {
-                let mut typecodes: Vec<_> = xs.into_iter().chain(transparent).collect();
-                typecodes.sort_unstable_by(Typecode::encoding_order);
-                typecodes
-            })
+            prop::collection::hash_set(arb_shielded_typecode(), 1..4)
+                .prop_map(move |xs| xs.into_iter().chain(transparent).collect::<Vec<_>>())
         })
     }
 
-    /// Generates an arbitrary Unified address containing receivers corresponding to the provided
-    /// set of typecodes. The receivers of this address are likely to not represent valid protocol
-    /// receivers, and should only be used for testing parsing and/or encoding functions that do
-    /// not concern themselves with the validity of the underlying receivers.
-    pub fn arb_unified_address_for_typecodes(
-        typecodes: Vec<Typecode>,
+    /// A strategy to generate a vector of unified address receivers containing random data. The
+    /// resulting receivers may not be valid according to protocol rules; this generator is only
+    /// intended for use in testing parsing and serialization.
+    fn arb_unified_address_receivers(
+        typecodes: Vec<DataTypecode>,
     ) -> impl Strategy<Value = Vec<Receiver>> {
         typecodes
             .into_iter()
             .map(|tc| match tc {
-                Typecode::P2pkh => uniform20(0u8..).prop_map(Receiver::P2pkh).boxed(),
-                Typecode::P2sh => uniform20(0u8..).prop_map(Receiver::P2sh).boxed(),
-                Typecode::Sapling => uniform43().prop_map(Receiver::Sapling).boxed(),
-                Typecode::Orchard => uniform43().prop_map(Receiver::Orchard).boxed(),
-                Typecode::Unknown(typecode) => vec(any::<u8>(), 32..256)
+                DataTypecode::P2pkh => uniform20(0u8..).prop_map(Receiver::P2pkh).boxed(),
+                DataTypecode::P2sh => uniform20(0u8..).prop_map(Receiver::P2sh).boxed(),
+                DataTypecode::Sapling => uniform43().prop_map(Receiver::Sapling).boxed(),
+                DataTypecode::Orchard => uniform43().prop_map(Receiver::Orchard).boxed(),
+                DataTypecode::Unknown(typecode) => vec(any::<u8>(), 32..256)
                     .prop_map(move |data| Receiver::Unknown { typecode, data })
                     .boxed(),
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>()
     }
 
-    /// Generates an arbitrary Unified address. The receivers of this address are likely to not
-    /// represent valid protocol receivers, and should only be used for testing parsing and/or
-    /// encoding functions that do not concern themselves with the validity of the underlying
-    /// receivers.
+    /// A strategy to generate an arbitrary Unified Address containing only receivers, without
+    /// additional metadata. The items in this address will be sorted in encoding order. The
+    /// receivers in the resulting address may not be valid according to protocol rules; this
+    /// generator is only intended for use in testing parsing and serialization.
     pub fn arb_unified_address() -> impl Strategy<Value = Address> {
         arb_typecodes()
-            .prop_flat_map(arb_unified_address_for_typecodes)
-            .prop_map(Address)
+            .prop_flat_map(arb_unified_address_receivers)
+            .prop_map(|rs| {
+                let mut items = rs.into_iter().map(Item::Data).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                items.sort_unstable_by(Item::encoding_order);
+                Address(items)
+            })
     }
 }
 
@@ -249,14 +286,14 @@ mod tests {
     use assert_matches::assert_matches;
 
     use crate::{
-        kind::unified::{private::SealedContainer, Container, Encoding},
-        unified::address::testing::arb_unified_address,
+        kind::unified::{private::SealedContainer, Encoding},
+        unified::{address::testing::arb_unified_address, Item, Typecode},
         Network,
     };
 
     use proptest::{prelude::*, sample::select};
 
-    use super::{Address, ParseError, Receiver, Typecode};
+    use super::{Address, ParseError, Receiver};
 
     proptest! {
         #[test]
@@ -347,11 +384,14 @@ mod tests {
     fn duplicate_typecode() {
         // Construct and serialize an invalid UA. This must be done using private
         // methods, as the public API does not permit construction of such invalid values.
-        let ua = Address(vec![Receiver::Sapling([1; 43]), Receiver::Sapling([2; 43])]);
+        let ua = Address(vec![
+            Item::Data(Receiver::Sapling([1; 43])),
+            Item::Data(Receiver::Sapling([2; 43])),
+        ]);
         let encoded = ua.to_jumbled_bytes(Address::MAINNET);
         assert_eq!(
             Address::parse_internal(Address::MAINNET, &encoded[..]),
-            Err(ParseError::DuplicateTypecode(Typecode::Sapling))
+            Err(ParseError::DuplicateTypecode(Typecode::SAPLING))
         );
     }
 
@@ -359,7 +399,10 @@ mod tests {
     fn p2pkh_and_p2sh() {
         // Construct and serialize an invalid UA. This must be done using private
         // methods, as the public API does not permit construction of such invalid values.
-        let ua = Address(vec![Receiver::P2pkh([0; 20]), Receiver::P2sh([0; 20])]);
+        let ua = Address(vec![
+            Item::Data(Receiver::P2pkh([0; 20])),
+            Item::Data(Receiver::P2sh([0; 20])),
+        ]);
         let encoded = ua.to_jumbled_bytes(Address::MAINNET);
         // ensure that decoding catches the error
         assert_eq!(
@@ -372,7 +415,10 @@ mod tests {
     fn addresses_out_of_order() {
         // Construct and serialize an invalid UA. This must be done using private
         // methods, as the public API does not permit construction of such invalid values.
-        let ua = Address(vec![Receiver::Sapling([0; 43]), Receiver::P2pkh([0; 20])]);
+        let ua = Address(vec![
+            Item::Data(Receiver::Sapling([0; 43])),
+            Item::Data(Receiver::P2pkh([0; 20])),
+        ]);
         let encoded = ua.to_jumbled_bytes(Address::MAINNET);
         // ensure that decoding catches the error
         assert_eq!(
@@ -404,18 +450,18 @@ mod tests {
     fn receivers_are_sorted() {
         // Construct a UA with receivers in an unsorted order.
         let ua = Address(vec![
-            Receiver::P2pkh([0; 20]),
-            Receiver::Orchard([0; 43]),
-            Receiver::Unknown {
+            Item::Data(Receiver::P2pkh([0; 20])),
+            Item::Data(Receiver::Orchard([0; 43])),
+            Item::Data(Receiver::Unknown {
                 typecode: 0xff,
                 data: vec![],
-            },
-            Receiver::Sapling([0; 43]),
+            }),
+            Item::Data(Receiver::Sapling([0; 43])),
         ]);
 
         // `Address::receivers` sorts the receivers in priority order.
         assert_eq!(
-            ua.items(),
+            ua.receivers(),
             vec![
                 Receiver::Orchard([0; 43]),
                 Receiver::Sapling([0; 43]),
diff --git a/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified/fvk.rs b/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified/fvk.rs
index cafff0089..1d617299a 100644
--- a/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified/fvk.rs
+++ b/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified/fvk.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use std::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
+use std::convert::TryInto;
 
 use super::{
-    private::{SealedContainer, SealedItem},
-    Container, Encoding, ParseError, Typecode,
+    private::{SealedContainer, SealedDataItem},
+    Container, DataTypecode, Encoding, Item, ParseError,
 };
 
 /// The set of known FVKs for Unified FVKs.
@@ -39,31 +39,27 @@ pub enum Fvk {
     },
 }
 
-impl TryFrom<(u32, &[u8])> for Fvk {
-    type Error = ParseError;
-
-    fn try_from((typecode, data): (u32, &[u8])) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+impl SealedDataItem for Fvk {
+    fn parse(typecode: DataTypecode, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
         let data = data.to_vec();
-        match typecode.try_into()? {
-            Typecode::P2pkh => data.try_into().map(Fvk::P2pkh),
-            Typecode::P2sh => Err(data),
-            Typecode::Sapling => data.try_into().map(Fvk::Sapling),
-            Typecode::Orchard => data.try_into().map(Fvk::Orchard),
-            Typecode::Unknown(_) => Ok(Fvk::Unknown { typecode, data }),
+        match typecode {
+            DataTypecode::P2pkh => data.try_into().map(Fvk::P2pkh),
+            DataTypecode::P2sh => Err(data),
+            DataTypecode::Sapling => data.try_into().map(Fvk::Sapling),
+            DataTypecode::Orchard => data.try_into().map(Fvk::Orchard),
+            DataTypecode::Unknown(typecode) => Ok(Fvk::Unknown { typecode, data }),
         }
         .map_err(|e| {
-            ParseError::InvalidEncoding(format!("Invalid fvk for typecode {}: {:?}", typecode, e))
+            ParseError::InvalidEncoding(format!("Invalid fvk for typecode {:?}: {:?}", typecode, e))
         })
     }
-}
 
-impl SealedItem for Fvk {
-    fn typecode(&self) -> Typecode {
+    fn typecode(&self) -> DataTypecode {
         match self {
-            Fvk::P2pkh(_) => Typecode::P2pkh,
-            Fvk::Sapling(_) => Typecode::Sapling,
-            Fvk::Orchard(_) => Typecode::Orchard,
-            Fvk::Unknown { typecode, .. } => Typecode::Unknown(*typecode),
+            Fvk::P2pkh(_) => DataTypecode::P2pkh,
+            Fvk::Sapling(_) => DataTypecode::Sapling,
+            Fvk::Orchard(_) => DataTypecode::Orchard,
+            Fvk::Unknown { typecode, .. } => DataTypecode::Unknown(*typecode),
         }
     }
 
@@ -83,7 +79,7 @@ impl SealedItem for Fvk {
 ///
 /// ```
 /// # use std::error::Error;
-/// use zcash_address::unified::{self, Container, Encoding};
+/// use zcash_address::unified::{self, Container, Encoding, Item};
 ///
 /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 /// # let ufvk_from_user = || "uview1cgrqnry478ckvpr0f580t6fsahp0a5mj2e9xl7hv2d2jd4ldzy449mwwk2l9yeuts85wjls6hjtghdsy5vhhvmjdw3jxl3cxhrg3vs296a3czazrycrr5cywjhwc5c3ztfyjdhmz0exvzzeyejamyp0cr9z8f9wj0953fzht0m4lenk94t70ruwgjxag2tvp63wn9ftzhtkh20gyre3w5s24f6wlgqxnjh40gd2lxe75sf3z8h5y2x0atpxcyf9t3em4h0evvsftluruqne6w4sm066sw0qe5y8qg423grple5fftxrqyy7xmqmatv7nzd7tcjadu8f7mqz4l83jsyxy4t8pkayytyk7nrp467ds85knekdkvnd7hqkfer8mnqd7pv";
@@ -91,28 +87,22 @@ impl SealedItem for Fvk {
 ///
 /// let (network, ufvk) = unified::Ufvk::decode(example_ufvk)?;
 ///
-/// // We can obtain the pool-specific Full Viewing Keys for the UFVK in preference
-/// // order (the order in which wallets should prefer to use their corresponding
-/// // address receivers):
-/// let fvks: Vec<unified::Fvk> = ufvk.items();
+/// // We can obtain the pool-specific Full Viewing Keys for the UFVK.
+/// let fvks: &[Item<unified::Fvk>] = ufvk.items_as_parsed();
 ///
 /// // And we can create the UFVK from a list of FVKs:
-/// let new_ufvk = unified::Ufvk::try_from_items(fvks)?;
+/// let new_ufvk = unified::Ufvk::try_from_items(fvks.to_vec())?;
 /// assert_eq!(new_ufvk, ufvk);
 /// # Ok(())
 /// # }
 /// ```
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Ufvk(pub(crate) Vec<Fvk>);
+pub struct Ufvk(pub(crate) Vec<Item<Fvk>>);
 
 impl Container for Ufvk {
-    type Item = Fvk;
+    type DataItem = Fvk;
 
-    /// Returns the FVKs contained within this UFVK, in the order they were
-    /// parsed from the string encoding.
-    ///
-    /// This API is for advanced usage; in most cases you should use `Ufvk::receivers`.
-    fn items_as_parsed(&self) -> &[Fvk] {
+    fn items_as_parsed(&self) -> &[Item<Fvk>] {
         &self.0
     }
 }
@@ -137,7 +127,7 @@ impl SealedContainer for Ufvk {
     /// The HRP for a Bech32m-encoded regtest Unified FVK.
     const REGTEST: &'static str = "uviewregtest";
 
-    fn from_inner(fvks: Vec<Self::Item>) -> Self {
+    fn from_inner(fvks: Vec<Item<Self::DataItem>>) -> Self {
         Self(fvks)
     }
 }
@@ -148,12 +138,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     use proptest::{array::uniform1, array::uniform32, prelude::*, sample::select};
 
-    use super::{Fvk, ParseError, Typecode, Ufvk};
+    use super::{Fvk, ParseError, Ufvk};
     use crate::{
-        kind::unified::{
-            private::{SealedContainer, SealedItem},
-            Container, Encoding,
-        },
+        kind::unified::{private::SealedContainer, Encoding},
+        unified::{Item, Typecode},
         Network,
     };
 
@@ -211,8 +199,8 @@ mod tests {
             shielded in arb_shielded_fvk(),
             transparent in prop::option::of(arb_transparent_fvk()),
         ) -> Ufvk {
-            let mut items: Vec<_> = transparent.into_iter().chain(shielded).collect();
-            items.sort_unstable_by(Fvk::encoding_order);
+            let mut items: Vec<_> = transparent.into_iter().chain(shielded).map(Item::Data).collect();
+            items.sort_unstable_by(Item::encoding_order);
             Ufvk(items)
         }
     }
@@ -319,11 +307,14 @@ mod tests {
     fn duplicate_typecode() {
         // Construct and serialize an invalid Ufvk. This must be done using private
         // methods, as the public API does not permit construction of such invalid values.
-        let ufvk = Ufvk(vec![Fvk::Sapling([1; 128]), Fvk::Sapling([2; 128])]);
+        let ufvk = Ufvk(vec![
+            Item::Data(Fvk::Sapling([1; 128])),
+            Item::Data(Fvk::Sapling([2; 128])),
+        ]);
         let encoded = ufvk.to_jumbled_bytes(Ufvk::MAINNET);
         assert_eq!(
             Ufvk::parse_internal(Ufvk::MAINNET, &encoded[..]),
-            Err(ParseError::DuplicateTypecode(Typecode::Sapling))
+            Err(ParseError::DuplicateTypecode(Typecode::SAPLING))
         );
     }
 
@@ -344,32 +335,4 @@ mod tests {
             Err(ParseError::OnlyTransparent)
         );
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn fvks_are_sorted() {
-        // Construct a UFVK with fvks in an unsorted order.
-        let ufvk = Ufvk(vec![
-            Fvk::P2pkh([0; 65]),
-            Fvk::Orchard([0; 96]),
-            Fvk::Unknown {
-                typecode: 0xff,
-                data: vec![],
-            },
-            Fvk::Sapling([0; 128]),
-        ]);
-
-        // `Ufvk::items` sorts the fvks in priority order.
-        assert_eq!(
-            ufvk.items(),
-            vec![
-                Fvk::Orchard([0; 96]),
-                Fvk::Sapling([0; 128]),
-                Fvk::P2pkh([0; 65]),
-                Fvk::Unknown {
-                    typecode: 0xff,
-                    data: vec![],
-                },
-            ]
-        )
-    }
 }
diff --git a/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified/ivk.rs b/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified/ivk.rs
index 5bf34e227..2dd39147e 100644
--- a/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified/ivk.rs
+++ b/components/zcash_address/src/kind/unified/ivk.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use std::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
+use std::convert::TryInto;
 
 use super::{
-    private::{SealedContainer, SealedItem},
-    Container, Encoding, ParseError, Typecode,
+    private::{SealedContainer, SealedDataItem},
+    Container, DataTypecode, Encoding, Item, ParseError,
 };
 
 /// The set of known IVKs for Unified IVKs.
@@ -44,31 +44,27 @@ pub enum Ivk {
     },
 }
 
-impl TryFrom<(u32, &[u8])> for Ivk {
-    type Error = ParseError;
-
-    fn try_from((typecode, data): (u32, &[u8])) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+impl SealedDataItem for Ivk {
+    fn parse(typecode: DataTypecode, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
         let data = data.to_vec();
-        match typecode.try_into()? {
-            Typecode::P2pkh => data.try_into().map(Ivk::P2pkh),
-            Typecode::P2sh => Err(data),
-            Typecode::Sapling => data.try_into().map(Ivk::Sapling),
-            Typecode::Orchard => data.try_into().map(Ivk::Orchard),
-            Typecode::Unknown(_) => Ok(Ivk::Unknown { typecode, data }),
+        match typecode {
+            DataTypecode::P2pkh => data.try_into().map(Ivk::P2pkh),
+            DataTypecode::P2sh => Err(data),
+            DataTypecode::Sapling => data.try_into().map(Ivk::Sapling),
+            DataTypecode::Orchard => data.try_into().map(Ivk::Orchard),
+            DataTypecode::Unknown(typecode) => Ok(Ivk::Unknown { typecode, data }),
         }
         .map_err(|e| {
-            ParseError::InvalidEncoding(format!("Invalid ivk for typecode {}: {:?}", typecode, e))
+            ParseError::InvalidEncoding(format!("Invalid ivk for typecode {:?}: {:?}", typecode, e))
         })
     }
-}
 
-impl SealedItem for Ivk {
-    fn typecode(&self) -> Typecode {
+    fn typecode(&self) -> DataTypecode {
         match self {
-            Ivk::P2pkh(_) => Typecode::P2pkh,
-            Ivk::Sapling(_) => Typecode::Sapling,
-            Ivk::Orchard(_) => Typecode::Orchard,
-            Ivk::Unknown { typecode, .. } => Typecode::Unknown(*typecode),
+            Ivk::P2pkh(_) => DataTypecode::P2pkh,
+            Ivk::Sapling(_) => DataTypecode::Sapling,
+            Ivk::Orchard(_) => DataTypecode::Orchard,
+            Ivk::Unknown { typecode, .. } => DataTypecode::Unknown(*typecode),
         }
     }
 
@@ -88,7 +84,7 @@ impl SealedItem for Ivk {
 ///
 /// ```
 /// # use std::error::Error;
-/// use zcash_address::unified::{self, Container, Encoding};
+/// use zcash_address::unified::{self, Container, Encoding, Item};
 ///
 /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 /// # let uivk_from_user = || "uivk1djetqg3fws7y7qu5tekynvcdhz69gsyq07ewvppmzxdqhpfzdgmx8urnkqzv7ylz78ez43ux266pqjhecd59fzhn7wpe6zarnzh804hjtkyad25ryqla5pnc8p5wdl3phj9fczhz64zprun3ux7y9jc08567xryumuz59rjmg4uuflpjqwnq0j0tzce0x74t4tv3gfjq7nczkawxy6y7hse733ae3vw7qfjd0ss0pytvezxp42p6rrpzeh6t2zrz7zpjk0xhngcm6gwdppxs58jkx56gsfflugehf5vjlmu7vj3393gj6u37wenavtqyhdvcdeaj86s6jczl4zq";
@@ -96,28 +92,22 @@ impl SealedItem for Ivk {
 ///
 /// let (network, uivk) = unified::Uivk::decode(example_uivk)?;
 ///
-/// // We can obtain the pool-specific Incoming Viewing Keys for the UIVK in
-/// // preference order (the order in which wallets should prefer to use their
-/// // corresponding address receivers):
-/// let ivks: Vec<unified::Ivk> = uivk.items();
+/// // We can obtain the pool-specific Incoming Viewing Keys for the UIVK.
+/// let ivks: &[Item<unified::Ivk>] = uivk.items_as_parsed();
 ///
-/// // And we can create the UIVK from a list of IVKs:
-/// let new_uivk = unified::Uivk::try_from_items(ivks)?;
+/// // And we can create the UIVK from a vector of IVKs:
+/// let new_uivk = unified::Uivk::try_from_items(ivks.to_vec())?;
 /// assert_eq!(new_uivk, uivk);
 /// # Ok(())
 /// # }
 /// ```
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Uivk(pub(crate) Vec<Ivk>);
+pub struct Uivk(pub(crate) Vec<Item<Ivk>>);
 
 impl Container for Uivk {
-    type Item = Ivk;
+    type DataItem = Ivk;
 
-    /// Returns the IVKs contained within this UIVK, in the order they were
-    /// parsed from the string encoding.
-    ///
-    /// This API is for advanced usage; in most cases you should use `Uivk::items`.
-    fn items_as_parsed(&self) -> &[Ivk] {
+    fn items_as_parsed(&self) -> &[Item<Ivk>] {
         &self.0
     }
 }
@@ -142,7 +132,7 @@ impl SealedContainer for Uivk {
     /// The HRP for a Bech32m-encoded regtest Unified IVK.
     const REGTEST: &'static str = "uivkregtest";
 
-    fn from_inner(ivks: Vec<Self::Item>) -> Self {
+    fn from_inner(ivks: Vec<Item<Self::DataItem>>) -> Self {
         Self(ivks)
     }
 }
@@ -157,12 +147,10 @@ mod tests {
         sample::select,
     };
 
-    use super::{Ivk, ParseError, Typecode, Uivk};
+    use super::{Ivk, ParseError, Uivk};
     use crate::{
-        kind::unified::{
-            private::{SealedContainer, SealedItem},
-            Container, Encoding,
-        },
+        kind::unified::{private::SealedContainer, Encoding},
+        unified::{Item, Typecode},
         Network,
     };
 
@@ -204,8 +192,8 @@ mod tests {
             shielded in arb_shielded_ivk(),
             transparent in prop::option::of(arb_transparent_ivk()),
         ) -> Uivk {
-            let mut items: Vec<_> = transparent.into_iter().chain(shielded).collect();
-            items.sort_unstable_by(Ivk::encoding_order);
+            let mut items: Vec<_> = transparent.into_iter().chain(shielded).map(Item::Data).collect();
+            items.sort_unstable_by(Item::encoding_order);
             Uivk(items)
         }
     }
@@ -301,11 +289,14 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn duplicate_typecode() {
         // Construct and serialize an invalid UIVK.
-        let uivk = Uivk(vec![Ivk::Sapling([1; 64]), Ivk::Sapling([2; 64])]);
+        let uivk = Uivk(vec![
+            Item::Data(Ivk::Sapling([1; 64])),
+            Item::Data(Ivk::Sapling([2; 64])),
+        ]);
         let encoded = uivk.encode(&Network::Main);
         assert_eq!(
             Uivk::decode(&encoded),
-            Err(ParseError::DuplicateTypecode(Typecode::Sapling))
+            Err(ParseError::DuplicateTypecode(Typecode::SAPLING))
         );
     }
 
@@ -326,32 +317,4 @@ mod tests {
             Err(ParseError::OnlyTransparent)
         );
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn ivks_are_sorted() {
-        // Construct a UIVK with ivks in an unsorted order.
-        let uivk = Uivk(vec![
-            Ivk::P2pkh([0; 65]),
-            Ivk::Orchard([0; 64]),
-            Ivk::Unknown {
-                typecode: 0xff,
-                data: vec![],
-            },
-            Ivk::Sapling([0; 64]),
-        ]);
-
-        // `Uivk::items` sorts the ivks in priority order.
-        assert_eq!(
-            uivk.items(),
-            vec![
-                Ivk::Orchard([0; 64]),
-                Ivk::Sapling([0; 64]),
-                Ivk::P2pkh([0; 65]),
-                Ivk::Unknown {
-                    typecode: 0xff,
-                    data: vec![],
-                },
-            ]
-        )
-    }
 }
diff --git a/components/zcash_address/src/test_vectors.rs b/components/zcash_address/src/test_vectors.rs
index 61cffcef9..598096da6 100644
--- a/components/zcash_address/src/test_vectors.rs
+++ b/components/zcash_address/src/test_vectors.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use {
         unified::{
             self,
             address::{test_vectors::TEST_VECTORS, Receiver},
+            Item,
         },
         Network, ToAddress, ZcashAddress,
     },
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ fn unified() {
                     data: data.to_vec(),
                 })
             }))
+            .map(Item::Data)
             .collect();
 
         let expected_addr = ZcashAddress::from_unified(Network::Main, unified::Address(receivers));