Migrate note encryption to use prepared w-NAF APIs

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ and this project adheres to Rust's notion of
 ### Added
 - `orchard::Proof::add_to_batch`
 - `orchard::address::Address::diversifier`
-- `orchard::keys::Diversifier::from_bytes`
+- `orchard::keys:`:
+  - `Diversifier::from_bytes`
+  - `PreparedEphemeralPublicKey`
+  - `PreparedIncomingViewingKey`
 - `orchard::note`:
   - `RandomSeed`
   - `Note::{from_parts, rseed}`

Cargo.toml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ bitvec = "1"
 blake2b_simd = "1"
 ff = "0.12"
 fpe = "0.5"
-group = "0.12"
+group = "0.12.1"
 halo2_gadgets = "0.2"
 halo2_proofs = "0.2"
 hex = "0.4"

benches/note_decryption.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use orchard::{
     builder::Builder,
     bundle::Flags,
     circuit::ProvingKey,
-    keys::{FullViewingKey, Scope, SpendingKey},
+    keys::{FullViewingKey, PreparedIncomingViewingKey, Scope, SpendingKey},
     note_encryption::{CompactAction, OrchardDomain},
     value::NoteValue,
     Anchor, Bundle,
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ fn bench_note_decryption(c: &mut Criterion) {
     let fvk = FullViewingKey::from(&SpendingKey::from_bytes([7; 32]).unwrap());
     let valid_ivk = fvk.to_ivk(Scope::External);
     let recipient = valid_ivk.address_at(0u32);
+    let valid_ivk = PreparedIncomingViewingKey::new(&valid_ivk);
 
     // Compact actions don't have the full AEAD ciphertext, so ZIP 307 trial-decryption
     // relies on an invalid ivk resulting in random noise for which the note commitment
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ fn bench_note_decryption(c: &mut Criterion) {
             let mut sk = [0; 32];
             sk[..4].copy_from_slice(&i.to_le_bytes());
             let fvk = FullViewingKey::from(&SpendingKey::from_bytes(sk).unwrap());
-            fvk.to_ivk(Scope::External)
+            PreparedIncomingViewingKey::new(&fvk.to_ivk(Scope::External))
         })
         .collect();
 

src/bundle.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::{
     address::Address,
     bundle::commitments::{hash_bundle_auth_data, hash_bundle_txid_data},
     circuit::{Instance, Proof, VerifyingKey},
-    keys::{IncomingViewingKey, OutgoingViewingKey},
+    keys::{IncomingViewingKey, OutgoingViewingKey, PreparedIncomingViewingKey},
     note::Note,
     note_encryption::OrchardDomain,
     primitives::redpallas::{self, Binding, SpendAuth},
@@ -290,7 +290,8 @@ impl<T: Authorization, V> Bundle<T, V> {
             .filter_map(|(idx, action)| {
                 let domain = OrchardDomain::for_action(action);
                 keys.iter().find_map(move |ivk| {
-                    try_note_decryption(&domain, ivk, action)
+                    let prepared_ivk = PreparedIncomingViewingKey::new(ivk);
+                    try_note_decryption(&domain, &prepared_ivk, action)
                         .map(|(n, a, m)| (idx, ivk.clone(), n, a, m))
                 })
             })
@@ -305,9 +306,10 @@ impl<T: Authorization, V> Bundle<T, V> {
         action_idx: usize,
         key: &IncomingViewingKey,
     ) -> Option<(Note, Address, [u8; 512])> {
+        let prepared_ivk = PreparedIncomingViewingKey::new(key);
         self.actions.get(action_idx).and_then(move |action| {
             let domain = OrchardDomain::for_action(action);
-            try_note_decryption(&domain, key, action)
+            try_note_decryption(&domain, &prepared_ivk, action)
         })
     }
 

src/keys.rs

@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ use crate::{
     address::Address,
     primitives::redpallas::{self, SpendAuth},
     spec::{
-        commit_ivk, diversify_hash, extract_p, ka_orchard, prf_nf, to_base, to_scalar,
+        commit_ivk, diversify_hash, extract_p, ka_orchard, ka_orchard_prepared, prf_nf, to_base,
-        NonIdentityPallasPoint, NonZeroPallasBase, NonZeroPallasScalar, PrfExpand,
+        to_scalar, NonIdentityPallasPoint, NonZeroPallasBase, NonZeroPallasScalar,
+        PreparedNonIdentityBase, PreparedNonZeroScalar, PrfExpand,
     },
     zip32::{self, ChildIndex, ExtendedSpendingKey},
 };
@@ -627,7 +628,8 @@ impl KeyAgreementPrivateKey {
 
     /// Returns the payment address for this key corresponding to the given diversifier.
     fn address(&self, d: Diversifier) -> Address {
-        let pk_d = DiversifiedTransmissionKey::derive_inner(self, &d);
+        let prepared_ivk = PreparedIncomingViewingKey::new_inner(&self);
+        let pk_d = DiversifiedTransmissionKey::derive(&prepared_ivk, &d);
         Address::from_parts(d, pk_d)
     }
 }
@@ -704,6 +706,22 @@ impl IncomingViewingKey {
     }
 }
 
+/// An Orchard incoming viewing key that has been precomputed for trial decryption.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct PreparedIncomingViewingKey(PreparedNonZeroScalar);
+
+impl PreparedIncomingViewingKey {
+    /// Performs the necessary precomputations to use an `IncomingViewingKey` for note
+    /// decryption.
+    pub fn new(ivk: &IncomingViewingKey) -> Self {
+        Self::new_inner(&ivk.ivk)
+    }
+
+    fn new_inner(ivk: &KeyAgreementPrivateKey) -> Self {
+        Self(PreparedNonZeroScalar::new(&ivk.0))
+    }
+}
+
 /// A key that provides the capability to recover outgoing transaction information from
 /// the block chain.
 ///
@@ -753,13 +771,9 @@ impl DiversifiedTransmissionKey {
     /// Defined in [Zcash Protocol Spec § 4.2.3: Orchard Key Components][orchardkeycomponents].
     ///
     /// [orchardkeycomponents]: https://zips.z.cash/protocol/nu5.pdf#orchardkeycomponents
-    pub(crate) fn derive(ivk: &IncomingViewingKey, d: &Diversifier) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn derive(ivk: &PreparedIncomingViewingKey, d: &Diversifier) -> Self {
-        Self::derive_inner(&ivk.ivk, d)
+        let g_d = PreparedNonIdentityBase::new(diversify_hash(d.as_array()));
-    }
+        DiversifiedTransmissionKey(ka_orchard_prepared(&ivk.0, &g_d))
-
-    fn derive_inner(ivk: &KeyAgreementPrivateKey, d: &Diversifier) -> Self {
-        let g_d = diversify_hash(d.as_array());
-        DiversifiedTransmissionKey(ka_orchard(&ivk.0, &g_d))
     }
 
     /// $abst_P(bytes)$
@@ -841,6 +855,20 @@ impl EphemeralPublicKey {
     }
 }
 
+/// A Sapling ephemeral public key that has been precomputed for trial decryption.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct PreparedEphemeralPublicKey(PreparedNonIdentityBase);
+
+impl PreparedEphemeralPublicKey {
+    pub(crate) fn new(epk: EphemeralPublicKey) -> Self {
+        PreparedEphemeralPublicKey(PreparedNonIdentityBase::new(epk.0))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn agree(&self, ivk: &PreparedIncomingViewingKey) -> SharedSecret {
+        SharedSecret(ka_orchard_prepared(&ivk.0, &self.0))
+    }
+}
+
 /// $\mathsf{KA}^\mathsf{Orchard}.\mathsf{SharedSecret} := \mathbb{P}^{\ast}$
 ///
 /// Defined in [section 5.4.5.5: Orchard Key Agreement][concreteorchardkeyagreement].

src/note_encryption.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use crate::{
     action::Action,
     keys::{
         DiversifiedTransmissionKey, Diversifier, EphemeralPublicKey, EphemeralSecretKey,
-        IncomingViewingKey, OutgoingViewingKey, SharedSecret,
+        OutgoingViewingKey, PreparedEphemeralPublicKey, PreparedIncomingViewingKey, SharedSecret,
     },
     note::{ExtractedNoteCommitment, Nullifier, RandomSeed},
     spec::diversify_hash,
@@ -102,13 +102,13 @@ impl OrchardDomain {
 impl Domain for OrchardDomain {
     type EphemeralSecretKey = EphemeralSecretKey;
     type EphemeralPublicKey = EphemeralPublicKey;
-    type PreparedEphemeralPublicKey = EphemeralPublicKey;
+    type PreparedEphemeralPublicKey = PreparedEphemeralPublicKey;
     type SharedSecret = SharedSecret;
     type SymmetricKey = Hash;
     type Note = Note;
     type Recipient = Address;
     type DiversifiedTransmissionKey = DiversifiedTransmissionKey;
-    type IncomingViewingKey = IncomingViewingKey;
+    type IncomingViewingKey = PreparedIncomingViewingKey;
     type OutgoingViewingKey = OutgoingViewingKey;
     type ValueCommitment = ValueCommitment;
     type ExtractedCommitment = ExtractedNoteCommitment;
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ impl Domain for OrchardDomain {
     }
 
     fn prepare_epk(epk: Self::EphemeralPublicKey) -> Self::PreparedEphemeralPublicKey {
-        epk
+        PreparedEphemeralPublicKey::new(epk)
     }
 
     fn ka_derive_public(
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ mod tests {
         action::Action,
         keys::{
             DiversifiedTransmissionKey, Diversifier, EphemeralSecretKey, IncomingViewingKey,
-            OutgoingViewingKey,
+            OutgoingViewingKey, PreparedIncomingViewingKey,
         },
         note::{ExtractedNoteCommitment, Nullifier, RandomSeed, TransmittedNoteCiphertext},
         primitives::redpallas,
@@ -370,7 +370,9 @@ mod tests {
             //
 
             // Recipient key material
-            let ivk = IncomingViewingKey::from_bytes(&tv.incoming_viewing_key).unwrap();
+            let ivk = PreparedIncomingViewingKey::new(
+                &IncomingViewingKey::from_bytes(&tv.incoming_viewing_key).unwrap(),
+            );
             let ovk = OutgoingViewingKey::from(tv.ovk);
             let d = Diversifier::from_bytes(tv.default_d);
             let pk_d = DiversifiedTransmissionKey::from_bytes(&tv.default_pk_d).unwrap();

src/spec.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ use core::iter;
 use core::ops::Deref;
 
 use ff::{Field, PrimeField, PrimeFieldBits};
-use group::GroupEncoding;
+use group::{Curve, Group, GroupEncoding, WnafBase, WnafScalar};
-use group::{Curve, Group};
 use halo2_gadgets::{poseidon::primitives as poseidon, sinsemilla::primitives as sinsemilla};
 use halo2_proofs::arithmetic::{CurveAffine, CurveExt, FieldExt};
 use pasta_curves::pallas;
@@ -140,6 +139,26 @@ impl Deref for NonZeroPallasScalar {
     }
 }
 
+const PREPARED_WINDOW_SIZE: usize = 4;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct PreparedNonIdentityBase(WnafBase<pallas::Point, PREPARED_WINDOW_SIZE>);
+
+impl PreparedNonIdentityBase {
+    pub(crate) fn new(base: NonIdentityPallasPoint) -> Self {
+        PreparedNonIdentityBase(WnafBase::new(base.0))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct PreparedNonZeroScalar(WnafScalar<pallas::Scalar, PREPARED_WINDOW_SIZE>);
+
+impl PreparedNonZeroScalar {
+    pub(crate) fn new(scalar: &NonZeroPallasScalar) -> Self {
+        PreparedNonZeroScalar(WnafScalar::new(scalar))
+    }
+}
+
 /// $\mathsf{ToBase}^\mathsf{Orchard}(x) := LEOS2IP_{\ell_\mathsf{PRFexpand}}(x) (mod q_P)$
 ///
 /// Defined in [Zcash Protocol Spec § 4.2.3: Orchard Key Components][orchardkeycomponents].
@@ -213,8 +232,20 @@ pub(crate) fn ka_orchard(
     sk: &NonZeroPallasScalar,
     b: &NonIdentityPallasPoint,
 ) -> NonIdentityPallasPoint {
-    let mut wnaf = group::Wnaf::new();
+    ka_orchard_prepared(
-    NonIdentityPallasPoint(wnaf.scalar(sk.deref()).base(*b.deref()))
+        &PreparedNonZeroScalar::new(sk),
+        &PreparedNonIdentityBase::new(*b),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Defined in [Zcash Protocol Spec § 5.4.5.5: Orchard Key Agreement][concreteorchardkeyagreement].
+///
+/// [concreteorchardkeyagreement]: https://zips.z.cash/protocol/nu5.pdf#concreteorchardkeyagreement
+pub(crate) fn ka_orchard_prepared(
+    sk: &PreparedNonZeroScalar,
+    b: &PreparedNonIdentityBase,
+) -> NonIdentityPallasPoint {
+    NonIdentityPallasPoint(&b.0 * &sk.0)
 }
 
 /// Coordinate extractor for Pallas.

tests/builder.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use orchard::{
     builder::Builder,
     bundle::{Authorized, Flags},
     circuit::{ProvingKey, VerifyingKey},
-    keys::{FullViewingKey, Scope, SpendAuthorizingKey, SpendingKey},
+    keys::{FullViewingKey, PreparedIncomingViewingKey, Scope, SpendAuthorizingKey, SpendingKey},
     note::ExtractedNoteCommitment,
     note_encryption::OrchardDomain,
     tree::{MerkleHashOrchard, MerklePath},
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ fn bundle_chain() {
 
     // Create a shielded bundle spending the previous output.
     let shielded_bundle: Bundle<_, i64> = {
-        let ivk = fvk.to_ivk(Scope::External);
+        let ivk = PreparedIncomingViewingKey::new(&fvk.to_ivk(Scope::External));
         let (note, _, _) = shielding_bundle
             .actions()
             .iter()