diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/Cargo.toml b/halo2-gadgets/Cargo.toml
index a28a26a2..9bedda1d 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/Cargo.toml
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,6 +6,3 @@ members = [
     "halo2_poseidon",
     "sinsemilla",
 ]
-
-[patch.crates-io]
-halo2 = { git = "https://github.com/zcash/halo2.git", rev = "27c4187673a9c6ade13fbdbd4f20955530c22d7f" }
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/Cargo.toml b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/Cargo.toml
index ed3139f2..54485cca 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/Cargo.toml
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ arrayvec = "0.7.0"
 bigint = "4"
 ff = "0.11"
 group = "0.11"
-halo2 = "0.0"
+halo2 = "=0.1.0-beta.1"
 lazy_static = "1"
 pasta_curves = "0.2.1"
 rand = "0.8"
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip.rs b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip.rs
index 69fa02d7..cf242f21 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip.rs
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip.rs
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl EccPoint {
         self.y
     }
 
-    #[cfg(test)]
+    #[cfg(feature = "testing")]
     fn is_identity(&self) -> Option<bool> {
         self.x.value().map(|x| x == pallas::Base::zero())
     }
@@ -103,17 +103,6 @@ pub struct NonIdentityEccPoint {
 }
 
 impl NonIdentityEccPoint {
-    /// Constructs a point from its coordinates, without checking they are on the curve.
-    ///
-    /// This is an internal API that we only use where we know we have a valid non-identity
-    /// curve point (specifically inside Sinsemilla).
-    pub(in crate::circuit::gadget) fn from_coordinates_unchecked(
-        x: CellValue<pallas::Base>,
-        y: CellValue<pallas::Base>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        NonIdentityEccPoint { x, y }
-    }
-
     /// Returns the value of this curve point, if known.
     pub fn point(&self) -> Option<pallas::Affine> {
         match (self.x.value(), self.y.value()) {
@@ -447,6 +436,81 @@ impl<Fixed: FixedPoints<pallas::Affine>> EccInstructions<pallas::Affine> for Ecc
         )
     }
 
+    fn copy_point(
+        &self,
+        layouter: &mut impl Layouter<pallas::Base>,
+        point: Self::Point,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Point, Error> {
+        let config: witness_point::Config = self.config().into();
+        let (x, y) = layouter.assign_region(
+            || "copy point",
+            |mut region| {
+                let x = {
+                    let cell = region.assign_advice(
+                        || "copy x",
+                        config.x,
+                        0,
+                        || point.x().value().ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                    )?;
+                    region.constrain_equal(cell, point.x().cell())?;
+                    CellValue::new(cell, point.x().value())
+                };
+                let y = {
+                    let cell = region.assign_advice(
+                        || "copy y",
+                        config.y,
+                        0,
+                        || point.y().value().ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                    )?;
+                    region.constrain_equal(cell, point.y().cell())?;
+                    CellValue::new(cell, point.y().value())
+                };
+
+                Ok((x, y))
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(EccPoint { x, y })
+    }
+
+    fn copy_point_non_id(
+        &self,
+        layouter: &mut impl Layouter<pallas::Base>,
+        x: Self::Var,
+        y: Self::Var,
+    ) -> Result<Self::NonIdentityPoint, Error> {
+        let config: witness_point::Config = self.config().into();
+        let (x, y) = layouter.assign_region(
+            || "copy point",
+            |mut region| {
+                let x = {
+                    let cell = region.assign_advice(
+                        || "copy x",
+                        config.x,
+                        0,
+                        || x.value().ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                    )?;
+                    region.constrain_equal(cell, x.cell())?;
+                    CellValue::new(cell, x.value())
+                };
+                let y = {
+                    let cell = region.assign_advice(
+                        || "copy y",
+                        config.y,
+                        0,
+                        || y.value().ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                    )?;
+                    region.constrain_equal(cell, y.cell())?;
+                    CellValue::new(cell, y.value())
+                };
+
+                Ok((x, y))
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(NonIdentityEccPoint { x, y })
+    }
+
     fn extract_p<Point: Into<Self::Point> + Clone>(point: &Point) -> Self::X {
         let point: EccPoint = (point.clone()).into();
         point.x()
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/add.rs b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/add.rs
index 2f7eb8aa..62a8b4c9 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/add.rs
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/add.rs
@@ -391,7 +391,10 @@ pub mod tests {
     use halo2::{circuit::Layouter, plonk::Error};
     use pasta_curves::{arithmetic::CurveExt, pallas};
 
-    use crate::gadget::{EccInstructions, NonIdentityPoint};
+    use crate::{
+        chip::EccPoint,
+        gadget::{EccInstructions, NonIdentityPoint, Point},
+    };
 
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub fn test_add<
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/add_incomplete.rs b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/add_incomplete.rs
index 8695c495..8a9acd7a 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/add_incomplete.rs
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/add_incomplete.rs
@@ -145,11 +145,13 @@ impl Config {
 
 #[cfg(feature = "testing")]
 pub mod tests {
-    use group::{prime::PrimeCurveAffine, Curve, Group};
+    use group::{Curve, Group};
     use halo2::{circuit::Layouter, plonk::Error};
     use pasta_curves::pallas;
 
-    use crate::gadget::{EccInstructions, NonIdentityPoint};
+    use crate::{
+        gadget::{EccInstructions, NonIdentityPoint},
+    };
 
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub fn test_add_incomplete<
@@ -171,15 +173,6 @@ pub mod tests {
         // Make sure P and Q are not the same point.
         assert_ne!(p_val, q_val);
 
-        // Generate a (0,0) point to be used in other tests.
-        let zero = {
-            Point::new(
-                chip.clone(),
-                layouter.namespace(|| "identity"),
-                Some(pallas::Affine::identity()),
-            )?
-        };
-
         // P + Q
         {
             let result = p.add_incomplete(layouter.namespace(|| "P + Q"), &q)?;
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/mul.rs b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/mul.rs
index 5116ecb6..a42307b1 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/mul.rs
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/mul.rs
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ fn decompose_for_scalar_mul(scalar: Option<pallas::Base>) -> Vec<Option<bool>> {
 
 #[cfg(feature = "testing")]
 pub mod tests {
-    use group::{prime::PrimeCurveAffine, Curve, Group};
+    use group::{Curve, Group};
     use halo2::{
         circuit::{Chip, Layouter},
         plonk::Error,
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ pub mod tests {
     use pasta_curves::{arithmetic::FieldExt, pallas};
 
     use crate::{
-        chip::EccChip,
+        chip::{EccChip, EccPoint},
         gadget::{EccInstructions, FixedPoints, NonIdentityPoint, Point},
     };
     use utilities::UtilitiesInstructions;
@@ -465,15 +465,6 @@ pub mod tests {
         let p_val = pallas::Point::random(rand::rngs::OsRng).to_affine(); // P
         let p = NonIdentityPoint::new(chip.clone(), layouter.namespace(|| "P"), Some(p_val))?;
 
-        // Generate a (0,0) point to be used in other tests.
-        let zero = {
-            Point::new(
-                chip.clone(),
-                layouter.namespace(|| "identity"),
-                Some(pallas::Affine::identity()),
-            )?
-        };
-
         let column = chip.config().advices[0];
 
         fn constrain_equal_non_id<
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/mul_fixed/short.rs b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/mul_fixed/short.rs
index 167702ba..df54b407 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/mul_fixed/short.rs
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/mul_fixed/short.rs
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ pub mod tests {
                     *magnitude,
                     *sign,
                 )?;
-                value_commit_v.mul_short(layouter.namespace(|| *name), magnitude_sign)?
+                base.mul_short(layouter.namespace(|| *name), magnitude_sign)?
             };
             assert!(result.inner().is_identity().unwrap());
         }
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/witness_point.rs b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/witness_point.rs
index 27388e30..dd6c7c78 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/witness_point.rs
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/chip/witness_point.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use halo2::{
     poly::Rotation,
 };
 use pasta_curves::{arithmetic::CurveAffine, pallas};
-use utilities::copy;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Config {
@@ -147,20 +146,20 @@ impl Config {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(test)]
+#[cfg(feature = "testing")]
 pub mod tests {
     use halo2::circuit::Layouter;
     use pasta_curves::pallas;
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::circuit::gadget::ecc::{EccInstructions, NonIdentityPoint};
+    use crate::gadget::{EccInstructions, NonIdentityPoint};
 
     pub fn test_witness_non_id<
         EccChip: EccInstructions<pallas::Affine> + Clone + Eq + std::fmt::Debug,
     >(
         chip: EccChip,
         mut layouter: impl Layouter<pallas::Base>,
-    ) {
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
         // Witnessing the identity should return an error.
         NonIdentityPoint::new(
             chip,
@@ -168,23 +167,7 @@ pub mod tests {
             Some(pallas::Affine::identity()),
         )
         .expect_err("witnessing 𝒪 should return an error");
-    }
 
-    pub(super) fn copy_point(
-        &self,
-        x: CellValue<pallas::Base>,
-        y: CellValue<pallas::Base>,
-        offset: usize,
-        region: &mut Region<'_, pallas::Base>,
-    ) -> Result<EccPoint, Error> {
-        // Enable `q_point` selector
-        self.q_point.enable(region, offset)?;
-
-        // Copy `x` value
-        let x = copy(region, || "x", self.x, offset, &x)?;
-        // Copy `y` value
-        let y = copy(region, || "y", self.y, offset, &y)?;
-
-        Ok(EccPoint { x, y })
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/gadget.rs b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/gadget.rs
index 13c385b8..1aaa864f 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/gadget.rs
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_ecc/src/gadget.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 //! Gadgets for elliptic curve operations.
 
+use pasta_curves::arithmetic::CurveAffine;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 use halo2::{
-    arithmetic::CurveAffine,
     circuit::{Chip, Layouter},
     plonk::Error,
 };
@@ -79,11 +79,19 @@ pub trait EccInstructions<C: CurveAffine>:
     /// checking that the coordinates indeed belong to a valid point.
     /// This maps the identity to (0, 0) in affine coordinates.
     fn copy_point(
+        &self,
+        layouter: &mut impl Layouter<C::Base>,
+        point: Self::Point,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Point, Error>;
+
+    /// Copies a point given existing x- and y-coordinate variables,
+    /// checking that the coordinates indeed belong to a valid point.
+    fn copy_point_non_id(
         &self,
         layouter: &mut impl Layouter<C::Base>,
         x: Self::Var,
         y: Self::Var,
-    ) -> Result<Self::Point, Error>;
+    ) -> Result<Self::NonIdentityPoint, Error>;
 
     /// Extracts the x-coordinate of a point.
     fn extract_p<Point: Into<Self::Point> + Clone>(point: &Point) -> Self::X;
@@ -199,17 +207,6 @@ impl<C: CurveAffine, EccChip: EccInstructions<C>> NonIdentityPoint<C, EccChip> {
         point.map(|inner| NonIdentityPoint { chip, inner })
     }
 
-    /// Constructs a new point by copying in its coordinates as `x`, `y` cells.
-    pub fn copy(
-        chip: EccChip,
-        mut layouter: impl Layouter<C::Base>,
-        x: EccChip::Var,
-        y: EccChip::Var,
-    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        let point = chip.copy_point(&mut layouter, x, y);
-        point.map(|inner| Point { chip, inner })
-    }
-
     /// Constrains this point to be equal in value to another point.
     pub fn constrain_equal<Other: Into<Point<C, EccChip>> + Clone>(
         &self,
@@ -224,6 +221,17 @@ impl<C: CurveAffine, EccChip: EccInstructions<C>> NonIdentityPoint<C, EccChip> {
         )
     }
 
+    /// Constructs a new point by copying in its coordinates as `x`, `y` cells.
+    pub fn copy(
+        chip: EccChip,
+        mut layouter: impl Layouter<C::Base>,
+        x: EccChip::Var,
+        y: EccChip::Var,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let point = chip.copy_point_non_id(&mut layouter, x, y);
+        point.map(|inner| NonIdentityPoint { chip, inner })
+    }
+
     /// Returns the inner point.
     pub fn inner(&self) -> &EccChip::NonIdentityPoint {
         &self.inner
@@ -338,6 +346,16 @@ impl<C: CurveAffine, EccChip: EccInstructions<C> + Clone + Debug + Eq> Point<C,
             .constrain_equal(&mut layouter, &self.inner, &other.inner)
     }
 
+    /// Constructs a new point by copying in its coordinates as `x`, `y` cells.
+    pub fn copy(
+        chip: EccChip,
+        mut layouter: impl Layouter<C::Base>,
+        point: EccChip::Point,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let point = chip.copy_point(&mut layouter, point);
+        point.map(|inner| Point { chip, inner })
+    }
+
     /// Returns the inner point.
     pub fn inner(&self) -> &EccChip::Point {
         &self.inner
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_poseidon/Cargo.toml b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_poseidon/Cargo.toml
index d33f8653..04dd3339 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_poseidon/Cargo.toml
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_poseidon/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pprof = { version = "0.4.2", features = ["criterion", "flamegraph"] }
 [dependencies]
 bitvec = "0.22"
 ff = "0.11"
-halo2 = { version = "0.0", optional = true }
+halo2 = { version = "=0.1.0-beta.1", optional = true }
 pasta_curves = "0.2.1"
 rand = "0.8"
 utilities = { package = "halo2_utilities", version = "0.0", path = "../halo2_utilities" }
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_utilities/Cargo.toml b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_utilities/Cargo.toml
index d06774ee..79c6b44d 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/halo2_utilities/Cargo.toml
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/halo2_utilities/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ publish = false
 [dependencies]
 bigint = "4"
 ff = "0.11"
-halo2 = "0.0"
+halo2 = "=0.1.0-beta.1"
 pasta_curves = "0.2.1"
 proptest = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true }
 rand = "0.8"
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/Cargo.toml b/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/Cargo.toml
index a9128e1f..b66e062a 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/Cargo.toml
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/Cargo.toml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pprof = { version = "0.4.2", features = ["criterion", "flamegraph"] }
 ecc = { package = "halo2_ecc", version = "0.0", path = "../halo2_ecc" }
 ff = "0.11"
 group = "0.11"
-halo2 = { version = "0.0", optional = true }
+halo2 = { version = "=0.1.0-beta.1", optional = true }
 lazy_static = "1"
 pasta_curves = "0.2.1"
 rand = "0.8"
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/src/chip.rs b/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/src/chip.rs
index 016d7d17..aeb4d5bb 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/src/chip.rs
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/src/chip.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::{
-    gadget::{self, CommitDomains, HashDomains, SinsemillaInstructions},
+    gadget::{CommitDomains, HashDomains, SinsemillaInstructions, Point as PointTrait},
     message::{Message, MessagePiece},
     primitive as sinsemilla,
 };
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ mod hash_to_point;
 
 /// A point output by hash_to_point
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct Point {
+pub struct Point {
     x: CellValue<pallas::Base>,
     y: CellValue<pallas::Base>,
 }
 
-impl gadget::Point<pallas::Affine, CellValue<pallas::Base>> for Point {
+impl PointTrait<pallas::Affine, CellValue<pallas::Base>> for Point {
     fn x(&self) -> CellValue<pallas::Base> {
         self.x
     }
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/src/gadget.rs b/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/src/gadget.rs
index 861a2e70..dbe33b7f 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/src/gadget.rs
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/src/gadget.rs
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ pub struct HashDomain<
     SinsemillaChip: SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS> + Clone + Debug + Eq,
     EccChip: EccInstructions<
             C,
-            NonIdentityPoint = <SinsemillaChip as SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS>>::NonIdentityPoint,
+            // NonIdentityPoint = <SinsemillaChip as SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS>>::NonIdentityPoint,
             FixedPoints = <SinsemillaChip as SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS>>::FixedPoints,
             Var = SinsemillaChip::Var,
         > + Clone
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ where
     SinsemillaChip: SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS> + Clone + Debug + Eq,
     EccChip: EccInstructions<
             C,
-            NonIdentityPoint = <SinsemillaChip as SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS>>::NonIdentityPoint,
+            // NonIdentityPoint = <SinsemillaChip as SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS>>::NonIdentityPoint,
             FixedPoints = <SinsemillaChip as SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS>>::FixedPoints,
             Var = SinsemillaChip::Var,
         > + Clone
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ pub struct CommitDomain<
     SinsemillaChip: SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS> + Clone + Debug + Eq,
     EccChip: EccInstructions<
             C,
-            NonIdentityPoint = <SinsemillaChip as SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS>>::NonIdentityPoint,
+            // NonIdentityPoint = <SinsemillaChip as SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS>>::NonIdentityPoint,
             FixedPoints = <SinsemillaChip as SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS>>::FixedPoints,
             Var = SinsemillaChip::Var,
         > + Clone
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ where
     SinsemillaChip: SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS> + Clone + Debug + Eq,
     EccChip: EccInstructions<
             C,
-            NonIdentityPoint = <SinsemillaChip as SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS>>::NonIdentityPoint,
+            // NonIdentityPoint = <SinsemillaChip as SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS>>::NonIdentityPoint,
             FixedPoints = <SinsemillaChip as SinsemillaInstructions<C, K, MAX_WORDS>>::FixedPoints,
             Var = SinsemillaChip::Var,
         > + Clone
@@ -614,8 +614,8 @@ pub mod testing {
                         None
                     };
 
-                    NonIdentityPoint::new(
-                        ecc_chip,
+                    Point::new(
+                        ecc_chip.clone(),
                         layouter.namespace(|| "Witness expected result"),
                         expected_result,
                     )?
diff --git a/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/src/merkle.rs b/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/src/merkle.rs
index e635d118..d4416ecb 100644
--- a/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/src/merkle.rs
+++ b/halo2-gadgets/sinsemilla/src/merkle.rs
@@ -164,26 +164,20 @@ where
 pub mod testing {
     use super::{
         chip::{MerkleChip, MerkleConfig},
-        i2lebsp, MerklePath, L_PALLAS_BASE, MERKLE_DEPTH,
+        MerklePath, MERKLE_DEPTH,
     };
 
     use crate::{
         chip::SinsemillaChip,
         gadget::{CommitDomains, HashDomains},
-        primitive::HashDomain,
     };
 
     use ecc::gadget::FixedPoints;
     use utilities::{lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, UtilitiesInstructions, Var};
 
-    use ff::PrimeFieldBits;
-    use group::prime::PrimeCurveAffine;
     use halo2::{
         circuit::{Layouter, SimpleFloorPlanner},
-        dev::MockProver,
-        note::commitment::ExtractedNoteCommitment,
         plonk::{Circuit, ConstraintSystem, Error},
-        tree,
     };
     use pasta_curves::pallas;
 
@@ -313,25 +307,29 @@ pub mod testing {
                 path.calculate_root(layouter.namespace(|| "calculate root"), leaf)?;
 
             if let Some(leaf_pos) = self.leaf_pos {
-                let domain = HashDomain {
-                    Q: S::hash_domain().Q().to_curve(),
-                };
-
                 // The expected final root
-                let final_root = {
-                    let path = tree::MerklePath::new(leaf_pos, self.merkle_path.unwrap());
-                    let leaf = ExtractedNoteCommitment::from_bytes(&self.leaf.unwrap().to_bytes())
-                        .unwrap();
-                    path.root(leaf)
-                };
+                let final_root = S::root(
+                    self.merkle_path.unwrap(),
+                    leaf_pos,
+                    self.leaf.unwrap(),
+                );
 
                 // Check the computed final root against the expected final root.
-                assert_eq!(computed_final_root.value().unwrap(), final_root.inner());
+                assert_eq!(computed_final_root.value().unwrap(), final_root);
             }
 
             Ok(())
         }
     }
+
+    pub trait MerkleTest<Hash: HashDomains<pallas::Affine>> {
+        fn hash_domain() -> Hash;
+        fn root(
+            path: [pallas::Base; MERKLE_DEPTH],
+            leaf_pos: u32,
+            leaf: pallas::Base,
+        ) -> pallas::Base;
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "testing")]
@@ -344,9 +342,11 @@ pub mod tests {
 
     use crate::{
         gadget::{CommitDomains, HashDomains},
+        merkle::{i2lebsp, L_PALLAS_BASE, MERKLE_DEPTH},
         primitive::{CommitDomain, HashDomain},
     };
 
+    use ff::PrimeFieldBits;
     use group::Curve;
     use pasta_curves::pallas;
 
@@ -406,11 +406,50 @@ pub mod tests {
         fn hash_domain() -> Hash {
             Hash
         }
+
+        fn root(path: [pallas::Base; MERKLE_DEPTH],
+        leaf_pos: u32,
+        leaf: pallas::Base,) -> pallas::Base {
+            use group::prime::PrimeCurveAffine;
+            let domain = HashDomain { Q: Self::hash_domain().Q().to_curve() };
+            let pos_bool = i2lebsp::<32>(leaf_pos as u64);
+
+            // Compute the root
+            let mut node = leaf;
+            for (l, (sibling, pos)) in path.iter().zip(pos_bool.iter()).enumerate() {
+                let (left, right) = if *pos {
+                    (*sibling, node)
+                } else {
+                    (node, *sibling)
+                };
+
+                let l_star = i2lebsp::<10>(l as u64);
+                let left: Vec<_> = left
+                    .to_le_bits()
+                    .iter()
+                    .by_val()
+                    .take(L_PALLAS_BASE)
+                    .collect();
+                let right: Vec<_> = right
+                    .to_le_bits()
+                    .iter()
+                    .by_val()
+                    .take(L_PALLAS_BASE)
+                    .collect();
+
+                let mut message = l_star.to_vec();
+                message.extend_from_slice(&left);
+                message.extend_from_slice(&right);
+
+                node = domain.hash(message.into_iter()).unwrap();
+            }
+            node
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn merkle_chip() {
-        use crate::merkle::{i2lebsp, MERKLE_DEPTH};
+        use crate::merkle::{MERKLE_DEPTH};
         use halo2::dev::MockProver;
         use pasta_curves::arithmetic::FieldExt;
         use rand::random;
diff --git a/src/circuit.rs b/src/circuit.rs
index 13a3f6d9..57db698c 100644
--- a/src/circuit.rs
+++ b/src/circuit.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ use pasta_curves::{
 
 use crate::{
     constants::{
-        util::gen_const_array, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases, OrchardHashDomains,
-        MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD,
+        OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases, OrchardHashDomains, MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD,
     },
     keys::{
         CommitIvkRandomness, DiversifiedTransmissionKey, NullifierDerivingKey, SpendValidatingKey,
@@ -48,7 +47,8 @@ use sinsemilla::{
     },
 };
 use utilities::{
-    copy, lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var,
+    copy, gen_const_array, lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue,
+    UtilitiesInstructions, Var,
 };
 
 use std::convert::TryInto;
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ impl plonk::Circuit<pallas::Base> for Circuit {
                 config.merkle_chip_2(),
                 OrchardHashDomains::MerkleCrh,
                 self.pos,
-                self.path,
+                path,
             );
             let leaf = *cm_old.extract_p().inner();
             merkle_inputs.calculate_root(layouter.namespace(|| "MerkleCRH"), leaf)?
diff --git a/src/constants/sinsemilla.rs b/src/constants/sinsemilla.rs
index b36ccabf..7825d839 100644
--- a/src/constants/sinsemilla.rs
+++ b/src/constants/sinsemilla.rs
@@ -303,6 +303,7 @@ fn test_orchard_domains() {
 #[cfg(feature = "test-ecc")]
 #[test]
 fn test_merkle_crh() {
+    use crate::constants::MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD;
     use halo2::dev::MockProver;
     use rand::random;
     use sinsemilla::merkle::testing;
@@ -313,6 +314,17 @@ fn test_merkle_crh() {
         fn hash_domain() -> OrchardHashDomains {
             OrchardHashDomains::MerkleCrh
         }
+
+        fn root(
+            path: [pallas::Base; MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD],
+            leaf_pos: u32,
+            leaf: pallas::Base,
+        ) -> pallas::Base {
+            use crate::{note::ExtractedNoteCommitment, tree::MerklePath};
+            let path = MerklePath::new(leaf_pos, path);
+            let leaf = ExtractedNoteCommitment::from_bytes(&leaf.to_bytes()).unwrap();
+            path.root(leaf).inner()
+        }
     }
 
     // Choose a random leaf and position
diff --git a/src/tree.rs b/src/tree.rs
index 2d011889..28706f8b 100644
--- a/src/tree.rs
+++ b/src/tree.rs
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ use crate::{
     },
     note::commitment::ExtractedNoteCommitment,
 };
-use halo2_utilities::utilities::gen_const_array_with_default;
 use incrementalmerkletree::{Altitude, Hashable};
 use pasta_curves::{arithmetic::FieldExt, pallas};
 use sinsemilla::primitive::HashDomain;
+use utilities::gen_const_array_with_default;
 
 use ff::{Field, PrimeField, PrimeFieldBits};
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;