Use static_cast instead of C-style casts for non-fundamental types

A C-style cast is equivalent to try casting in the following order:

1. const_cast(...)
2. static_cast(...)
3. const_cast(static_cast(...))
4. reinterpret_cast(...)
5. const_cast(reinterpret_cast(...))

By using static_cast<T>(...) explicitly we avoid the possibility
of an unintentional and dangerous reinterpret_cast. Furthermore
static_cast<T>(...) allows for easier grepping of casts.

src/addrman.h

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public:
 
     template <typename Stream, typename Operation>
     inline void SerializationOp(Stream& s, Operation ser_action) {
-        READWRITE(*(CAddress*)this);
+        READWRITE(*static_cast<CAddress*>(this));
         READWRITE(source);
         READWRITE(nLastSuccess);
         READWRITE(nAttempts);

src/core_read.cpp

@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ CScript ParseScript(const std::string& s)
             if (op < OP_NOP && op != OP_RESERVED)
                 continue;
 
-            const char* name = GetOpName((opcodetype)op);
+            const char* name = GetOpName(static_cast<opcodetype>(op));
             if (strcmp(name, "OP_UNKNOWN") == 0)
                 continue;
             std::string strName(name);
-            mapOpNames[strName] = (opcodetype)op;
+            mapOpNames[strName] = static_cast<opcodetype>(op);
             // Convenience: OP_ADD and just ADD are both recognized:
             boost::algorithm::replace_first(strName, "OP_", "");
-            mapOpNames[strName] = (opcodetype)op;
+            mapOpNames[strName] = static_cast<opcodetype>(op);
         }
     }
 

src/httpserver.cpp

@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ struct event_base* EventBase()
 static void httpevent_callback_fn(evutil_socket_t, short, void* data)
 {
     // Static handler: simply call inner handler
-    HTTPEvent *self = ((HTTPEvent*)data);
+    HTTPEvent *self = static_cast<HTTPEvent*>(data);
     self->handler();
     if (self->deleteWhenTriggered)
         delete self;

src/net.cpp

@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ CNode* CConnman::FindNode(const CNetAddr& ip)
 {
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (CNode* pnode : vNodes) {
-        if ((CNetAddr)pnode->addr == ip) {
+      if (static_cast<CNetAddr>(pnode->addr) == ip) {
             return pnode;
         }
     }
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ CNode* CConnman::FindNode(const CSubNet& subNet)
 {
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (CNode* pnode : vNodes) {
-        if (subNet.Match((CNetAddr)pnode->addr)) {
+        if (subNet.Match(static_cast<CNetAddr>(pnode->addr))) {
             return pnode;
         }
     }
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ CNode* CConnman::FindNode(const CService& addr)
 {
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (CNode* pnode : vNodes) {
-        if ((CService)pnode->addr == addr) {
+        if (static_cast<CService>(pnode->addr) == addr) {
             return pnode;
         }
     }
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ CNode* CConnman::ConnectNode(CAddress addrConnect, const char *pszDest, bool fCo
             return nullptr;
 
         // Look for an existing connection
-        CNode* pnode = FindNode((CService)addrConnect);
+        CNode* pnode = FindNode(static_cast<CService>(addrConnect));
         if (pnode)
         {
             LogPrintf("Failed to open new connection, already connected\n");
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ CNode* CConnman::ConnectNode(CAddress addrConnect, const char *pszDest, bool fCo
             // Also store the name we used to connect in that CNode, so that future FindNode() calls to that
             // name catch this early.
             LOCK(cs_vNodes);
-            CNode* pnode = FindNode((CService)addrConnect);
+            CNode* pnode = FindNode(static_cast<CService>(addrConnect));
             if (pnode)
             {
                 pnode->MaybeSetAddrName(std::string(pszDest));
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ void CConnman::Ban(const CSubNet& subNet, const BanReason &banReason, int64_t ba
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
         for (CNode* pnode : vNodes) {
-            if (subNet.Match((CNetAddr)pnode->addr))
+            if (subNet.Match(static_cast<CNetAddr>(pnode->addr)))
                 pnode->fDisconnect = true;
         }
     }
@@ -1946,7 +1946,7 @@ bool CConnman::OpenNetworkConnection(const CAddress& addrConnect, bool fCountFai
     }
     if (!pszDest) {
         if (IsLocal(addrConnect) ||
-            FindNode((CNetAddr)addrConnect) || IsBanned(addrConnect) ||
+            FindNode(static_cast<CNetAddr>(addrConnect)) || IsBanned(addrConnect) ||
             FindNode(addrConnect.ToStringIPPort()))
             return false;
     } else if (FindNode(std::string(pszDest)))

src/net_processing.cpp

@@ -2616,7 +2616,7 @@ static bool SendRejectsAndCheckIfBanned(CNode* pnode, CConnman* connman)
     CNodeState &state = *State(pnode->GetId());
 
     for (const CBlockReject& reject : state.rejects) {
-        connman->PushMessage(pnode, CNetMsgMaker(INIT_PROTO_VERSION).Make(NetMsgType::REJECT, (std::string)NetMsgType::BLOCK, reject.chRejectCode, reject.strRejectReason, reject.hashBlock));
+        connman->PushMessage(pnode, CNetMsgMaker(INIT_PROTO_VERSION).Make(NetMsgType::REJECT, std::string(NetMsgType::BLOCK), reject.chRejectCode, reject.strRejectReason, reject.hashBlock));
     }
     state.rejects.clear();
 

src/netaddress.cpp

@@ -526,17 +526,17 @@ unsigned short CService::GetPort() const
 
 bool operator==(const CService& a, const CService& b)
 {
-    return (CNetAddr)a == (CNetAddr)b && a.port == b.port;
+    return static_cast<CNetAddr>(a) == static_cast<CNetAddr>(b) && a.port == b.port;
 }
 
 bool operator!=(const CService& a, const CService& b)
 {
-    return (CNetAddr)a != (CNetAddr)b || a.port != b.port;
+    return static_cast<CNetAddr>(a) != static_cast<CNetAddr>(b) || a.port != b.port;
 }
 
 bool operator<(const CService& a, const CService& b)
 {
-    return (CNetAddr)a < (CNetAddr)b || ((CNetAddr)a == (CNetAddr)b && a.port < b.port);
+    return static_cast<CNetAddr>(a) < static_cast<CNetAddr>(b) || (static_cast<CNetAddr>(a) == static_cast<CNetAddr>(b) && a.port < b.port);
 }
 
 bool CService::GetSockAddr(struct sockaddr* paddr, socklen_t *addrlen) const

src/netbase.cpp

@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ bool HaveNameProxy() {
 bool IsProxy(const CNetAddr &addr) {
     LOCK(cs_proxyInfos);
     for (int i = 0; i < NET_MAX; i++) {
-        if (addr == (CNetAddr)proxyInfo[i].proxy)
+        if (addr == static_cast<CNetAddr>(proxyInfo[i].proxy))
             return true;
     }
     return false;

src/primitives/block.h

@@ -86,14 +86,14 @@ public:
     CBlock(const CBlockHeader &header)
     {
         SetNull();
-        *((CBlockHeader*)this) = header;
+        *(static_cast<CBlockHeader*>(this)) = header;
     }
 
     ADD_SERIALIZE_METHODS;
 
     template <typename Stream, typename Operation>
     inline void SerializationOp(Stream& s, Operation ser_action) {
-        READWRITE(*(CBlockHeader*)this);
+        READWRITE(*static_cast<CBlockHeader*>(this));
         READWRITE(vtx);
     }
 

src/protocol.h

@@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ public:
             READWRITE(nTime);
         uint64_t nServicesInt = nServices;
         READWRITE(nServicesInt);
-        nServices = (ServiceFlags)nServicesInt;
-        READWRITE(*(CService*)this);
+        nServices = static_cast<ServiceFlags>(nServicesInt);
+        READWRITE(*static_cast<CService*>(this));
     }
 
     // TODO: make private (improves encapsulation)

src/qt/bitcoin.cpp

@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         if (BitcoinCore::baseInitialize()) {
             app.requestInitialize();
 #if defined(Q_OS_WIN) && QT_VERSION >= 0x050000
-            WinShutdownMonitor::registerShutdownBlockReason(QObject::tr("%1 didn't yet exit safely...").arg(QObject::tr(PACKAGE_NAME)), (HWND)app.getMainWinId());
+            WinShutdownMonitor::registerShutdownBlockReason(QObject::tr("%1 didn't yet exit safely...").arg(QObject::tr(PACKAGE_NAME)), static_cast<HWND>(app.getMainWinId()));
 #endif
             app.exec();
             app.requestShutdown();

src/qt/bitcoingui.cpp

@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ void BitcoinGUI::createTrayIconMenu()
 #else
     // Note: On Mac, the dock icon is used to provide the tray's functionality.
     MacDockIconHandler *dockIconHandler = MacDockIconHandler::instance();
-    dockIconHandler->setMainWindow((QMainWindow *)this);
+    dockIconHandler->setMainWindow(static_cast<QMainWindow*>(this));
     trayIconMenu = dockIconHandler->dockMenu();
 #endif
 
@@ -921,13 +921,13 @@ void BitcoinGUI::message(const QString &title, const QString &message, unsigned
             buttons = QMessageBox::Ok;
 
         showNormalIfMinimized();
-        QMessageBox mBox((QMessageBox::Icon)nMBoxIcon, strTitle, message, buttons, this);
+        QMessageBox mBox(static_cast<QMessageBox::Icon>(nMBoxIcon), strTitle, message, buttons, this);
         int r = mBox.exec();
         if (ret != nullptr)
             *ret = r == QMessageBox::Ok;
     }
     else
-        notificator->notify((Notificator::Class)nNotifyIcon, strTitle, message);
+        notificator->notify(static_cast<Notificator::Class>(nNotifyIcon), strTitle, message);
 }
 
 void BitcoinGUI::changeEvent(QEvent *e)

src/qt/coincontroldialog.cpp

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ CoinControlDialog::CoinControlDialog(const PlatformStyle *_platformStyle, QWidge
     if (settings.contains("nCoinControlMode") && !settings.value("nCoinControlMode").toBool())
         ui->radioTreeMode->click();
     if (settings.contains("nCoinControlSortColumn") && settings.contains("nCoinControlSortOrder"))
-        sortView(settings.value("nCoinControlSortColumn").toInt(), ((Qt::SortOrder)settings.value("nCoinControlSortOrder").toInt()));
+        sortView(settings.value("nCoinControlSortColumn").toInt(), (static_cast<Qt::SortOrder>(settings.value("nCoinControlSortOrder").toInt())));
 }
 
 CoinControlDialog::~CoinControlDialog()
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ void CoinControlDialog::updateLabels(WalletModel *model, QDialog* dialog)
 
         if (amount > 0)
         {
-            CTxOut txout(amount, (CScript)std::vector<unsigned char>(24, 0));
+            CTxOut txout(amount, static_cast<CScript>(std::vector<unsigned char>(24, 0)));
             txDummy.vout.push_back(txout);
             fDust |= IsDust(txout, ::dustRelayFee);
         }
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ void CoinControlDialog::updateLabels(WalletModel *model, QDialog* dialog)
             // Never create dust outputs; if we would, just add the dust to the fee.
             if (nChange > 0 && nChange < MIN_CHANGE)
             {
-                CTxOut txout(nChange, (CScript)std::vector<unsigned char>(24, 0));
+                CTxOut txout(nChange, static_cast<CScript>(std::vector<unsigned char>(24, 0)));
                 if (IsDust(txout, ::dustRelayFee))
                 {
                     nPayFee += nChange;

src/qt/coincontroltreewidget.cpp

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ void CoinControlTreeWidget::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event)
     else if (event->key() == Qt::Key_Escape) // press esc -> close dialog
     {
         event->ignore();
-        CoinControlDialog *coinControlDialog = (CoinControlDialog*)this->parentWidget();
+        CoinControlDialog *coinControlDialog = static_cast<CoinControlDialog*>(this->parentWidget());
         coinControlDialog->done(QDialog::Accepted);
     }
     else

src/qt/sendcoinsdialog.cpp

@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ void SendCoinsDialog::on_sendButton_clicked()
     SendConfirmationDialog confirmationDialog(tr("Confirm send coins"),
         questionString.arg(formatted.join("<br />")), SEND_CONFIRM_DELAY, this);
     confirmationDialog.exec();
-    QMessageBox::StandardButton retval = (QMessageBox::StandardButton)confirmationDialog.result();
+    QMessageBox::StandardButton retval = static_cast<QMessageBox::StandardButton>(confirmationDialog.result());
 
     if(retval != QMessageBox::Yes)
     {

src/qt/splashscreen.cpp

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ SplashScreen::SplashScreen(Qt::WindowFlags f, const NetworkStyle *networkStyle)
     float fontFactor            = 1.0;
     float devicePixelRatio      = 1.0;
 #if QT_VERSION > 0x050100
-    devicePixelRatio = ((QGuiApplication*)QCoreApplication::instance())->devicePixelRatio();
+    devicePixelRatio = static_cast<QGuiApplication*>(QCoreApplication::instance())->devicePixelRatio();
 #endif
 
     // define text to place

src/qt/transactionview.cpp

@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ void TransactionView::chooseWatchonly(int idx)
     if(!transactionProxyModel)
         return;
     transactionProxyModel->setWatchOnlyFilter(
-        (TransactionFilterProxy::WatchOnlyFilter)watchOnlyWidget->itemData(idx).toInt());
+        static_cast<TransactionFilterProxy::WatchOnlyFilter>(watchOnlyWidget->itemData(idx).toInt()));
 }
 
 void TransactionView::changedPrefix(const QString &prefix)

src/qt/walletmodel.cpp

@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ bool WalletModel::bumpFee(uint256 hash)
     questionString.append("</td></tr></table>");
     SendConfirmationDialog confirmationDialog(tr("Confirm fee bump"), questionString);
     confirmationDialog.exec();
-    QMessageBox::StandardButton retval = (QMessageBox::StandardButton)confirmationDialog.result();
+    QMessageBox::StandardButton retval = static_cast<QMessageBox::StandardButton>(confirmationDialog.result());
 
     // cancel sign&broadcast if users doesn't want to bump the fee
     if (retval != QMessageBox::Yes) {

src/qt/winshutdownmonitor.cpp

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ bool WinShutdownMonitor::nativeEventFilter(const QByteArray &eventType, void *pM
 void WinShutdownMonitor::registerShutdownBlockReason(const QString& strReason, const HWND& mainWinId)
 {
     typedef BOOL (WINAPI *PSHUTDOWNBRCREATE)(HWND, LPCWSTR);
-    PSHUTDOWNBRCREATE shutdownBRCreate = (PSHUTDOWNBRCREATE)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA("User32.dll"), "ShutdownBlockReasonCreate");
+    PSHUTDOWNBRCREATE shutdownBRCreate = static_cast<PSHUTDOWNBRCREATE>(GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA("User32.dll"), "ShutdownBlockReasonCreate"));
     if (shutdownBRCreate == nullptr) {
         qWarning() << "registerShutdownBlockReason: GetProcAddress for ShutdownBlockReasonCreate failed";
         return;

src/script/script.h

@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ public:
             pc += nSize;
         }
 
-        opcodeRet = (opcodetype)opcode;
+        opcodeRet = static_cast<opcodetype>(opcode);
         return true;
     }
 

src/test/versionbits_tests.cpp

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(versionbits_test)
     const auto chainParams = CreateChainParams(CBaseChainParams::MAIN);
     const Consensus::Params &mainnetParams = chainParams->GetConsensus();
     for (int i=0; i<(int) Consensus::MAX_VERSION_BITS_DEPLOYMENTS; i++) {
-        uint32_t bitmask = VersionBitsMask(mainnetParams, (Consensus::DeploymentPos)i);
+        uint32_t bitmask = VersionBitsMask(mainnetParams, static_cast<Consensus::DeploymentPos>(i));
         // Make sure that no deployment tries to set an invalid bit.
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(bitmask & ~(uint32_t)VERSIONBITS_TOP_MASK, bitmask);
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(versionbits_test)
         // activated soft fork could be later changed to be earlier to avoid
         // overlap.)
         for (int j=i+1; j<(int) Consensus::MAX_VERSION_BITS_DEPLOYMENTS; j++) {
-            if (VersionBitsMask(mainnetParams, (Consensus::DeploymentPos)j) == bitmask) {
+            if (VersionBitsMask(mainnetParams, static_cast<Consensus::DeploymentPos>(j)) == bitmask) {
                 BOOST_CHECK(mainnetParams.vDeployments[j].nStartTime > mainnetParams.vDeployments[i].nTimeout ||
                         mainnetParams.vDeployments[i].nStartTime > mainnetParams.vDeployments[j].nTimeout);
             }

src/torcontrol.cpp

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ TorControlConnection::~TorControlConnection()
 
 void TorControlConnection::readcb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *ctx)
 {
-    TorControlConnection *self = (TorControlConnection*)ctx;
+    TorControlConnection *self = static_cast<TorControlConnection*>(ctx);
     struct evbuffer *input = bufferevent_get_input(bev);
     size_t n_read_out = 0;
     char *line;
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ void TorControlConnection::readcb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *ctx)
 
 void TorControlConnection::eventcb(struct bufferevent *bev, short what, void *ctx)
 {
-    TorControlConnection *self = (TorControlConnection*)ctx;
+    TorControlConnection *self = static_cast<TorControlConnection*>(ctx);
     if (what & BEV_EVENT_CONNECTED) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::TOR, "tor: Successfully connected!\n");
         self->connected(*self);
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ fs::path TorController::GetPrivateKeyFile()
 
 void TorController::reconnect_cb(evutil_socket_t fd, short what, void *arg)
 {
-    TorController *self = (TorController*)arg;
+    TorController *self = static_cast<TorController*>(arg);
     self->Reconnect();
 }
 

src/txdb.h

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct CDiskTxPos : public CDiskBlockPos
 
     template <typename Stream, typename Operation>
     inline void SerializationOp(Stream& s, Operation ser_action) {
-        READWRITE(*(CDiskBlockPos*)this);
+        READWRITE(*static_cast<CDiskBlockPos*>(this));
         READWRITE(VARINT(nTxOffset));
     }
 

src/validation.cpp

@@ -1549,9 +1549,9 @@ int32_t ComputeBlockVersion(const CBlockIndex* pindexPrev, const Consensus::Para
     int32_t nVersion = VERSIONBITS_TOP_BITS;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < (int)Consensus::MAX_VERSION_BITS_DEPLOYMENTS; i++) {
-        ThresholdState state = VersionBitsState(pindexPrev, params, (Consensus::DeploymentPos)i, versionbitscache);
+        ThresholdState state = VersionBitsState(pindexPrev, params, static_cast<Consensus::DeploymentPos>(i), versionbitscache);
         if (state == THRESHOLD_LOCKED_IN || state == THRESHOLD_STARTED) {
-            nVersion |= VersionBitsMask(params, (Consensus::DeploymentPos)i);
+            nVersion |= VersionBitsMask(params, static_cast<Consensus::DeploymentPos>(i));
         }
     }
 

src/wallet/wallet.h

@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ public:
                 mapValue["timesmart"] = strprintf("%u", nTimeSmart);
         }
 
-        READWRITE(*(CMerkleTx*)this);
+        READWRITE(*static_cast<CMerkleTx*>(this));
         std::vector<CMerkleTx> vUnused; //!< Used to be vtxPrev
         READWRITE(vUnused);
         READWRITE(mapValue);