599 lines
20 KiB
Rust
599 lines
20 KiB
Rust
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//! Fork Selection Simulation
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//!
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//! Description of the algorithm can be found in [book/src/fork-seleciton.md](book/src/fork-seleciton.md).
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//!
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//! A test library function exists for configuring networks.
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//! ```
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//! /// * num_partitions - 1 to 100 partitions
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//! /// * fail_rate - 0 to 1.0 rate of packet receive failure
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//! /// * delay_count - number of forks to observe before voting
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//! /// * parasite_rate - number of parasite nodes that vote oposite the greedy choice
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//! fn test_with_partitions(num_partitions: usize, fail_rate: f64, delay_count: usize, parasite_rate: f64);
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//! ```
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//! Modify the test function
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//! ```
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//! #[test]
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//! #[ignore]
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//! fn test_all_partitions() {
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//! test_with_partitions(100, 0.0, 5, 0.25, false)
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//! }
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//! ```
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//! Run with cargo
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//!
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//! ```
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//! cargo test all_partitions --release -- --nocapture --ignored
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//! ```
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//!
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//! The output will look like this
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//! ```
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//! time: 336, tip converged: 76, trunk id: 434, trunk time: 334, trunk converged 98, trunk depth 65
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//! ```
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//! * time - The current network time. Each packet is transmitted to the network at a different time value.
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//! * tip converged - How common is the tip of every voter in the network.
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//! * trunk id - fork of every trunk. Every transmission generates a new fork. A trunk is the newest most common fork for the largest converged set of the network.
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//! * trunk time - Time when the trunk fork was created.
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//! * trunk converged - How many voters have converged on this common fork.
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//! * trunk depth - How deep is this fork, or the height of this ledger.
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//!
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//!
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//! ### Simulating Greedy Choice
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//!
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//! Parasitic nodes reverse the weighted function and pick the fork that has the least amount of economic finality, but without fully committing to a dead fork.
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//!
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//! ```
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//! // Each run starts with 100 partitions, and it takes about 260 forks for a dominant trunk to emerge
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//! // fully parasitic, 5 vote delay, 17% efficient
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//! test_with_partitions(100, 0.0, 5, 1.0)
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//! time: 1000, tip converged: 100, trunk id: 1095, trunk time: 995, trunk converged 100, trunk depth 125
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//! // 50% parasitic, 5 vote delay, 30% efficient
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//! test_with_partitions(100, 0.0, 5, 0.5)
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//! time: 1000, tip converged: 51, trunk id: 1085, trunk time: 985, trunk converged 100, trunk depth 223
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//! // 25% parasitic, 5 vote delay, 49% efficient
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//! test_with_partitions(100, 0.0, 5, 0.25)
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//! time: 1000, tip converged: 79, trunk id: 1096, trunk time: 996, trunk converged 100, trunk depth 367
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//! // 0% parasitic, 5 vote delay, 62% efficient
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//! test_with_partitions(100, 0.0, 5, 0.0)
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//! time: 1000, tip converged: 100, trunk id: 1099, trunk time: 999, trunk converged 100, trunk depth 463
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//! // 0% parasitic, 0 vote delay, 100% efficient
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//! test_with_partitions(100, 0.0, 0, 0.0)
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//! time: 1000, tip converged: 100, trunk id: 1100, trunk time: 1000, trunk converged 100, trunk depth 740
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//! ```
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//!
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//! ### Impact of Receive Errors
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//!
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//! * with 10% of packet drops, the depth of the trunk is about 77% of the max possible
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//! ```
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//! time: 4007, tip converged: 94, trunk id: 4005, trunk time: 4002, trunk converged 100, trunk depth 3121
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//! ```
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//! * with 90% of packet drops, the depth of the trunk is about 8.6% of the max possible
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//! ```
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//! time: 4007, tip converged: 10, trunk id: 3830, trunk time: 3827, trunk converged 100, trunk depth 348
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//! ```
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extern crate rand;
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use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
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use std::collections::HashMap;
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use std::collections::VecDeque;
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#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
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pub struct Fork {
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id: usize,
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base: usize,
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}
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impl Fork {
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fn is_trunk_of(&self, other: &Fork, fork_tree: &HashMap<usize, Fork>) -> bool {
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let mut current = other.clone();
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loop {
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// found it
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if current.id == self.id {
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return true;
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}
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// base is 0, and this id is 0
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if current.base == 0 && self.id == 0 {
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assert!(fork_tree.get(&0).is_none());
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return true;
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}
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// base is 0
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if fork_tree.get(¤t.base).is_none() {
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return false;
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}
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current = fork_tree.get(¤t.base).unwrap().clone();
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}
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}
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}
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#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
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pub struct Vote {
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fork: Fork,
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time: usize,
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lockout: usize,
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}
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impl Vote {
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pub fn new(fork: Fork, time: usize) -> Vote {
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Self {
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fork,
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time,
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lockout: 2,
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}
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}
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pub fn lock_height(&self) -> usize {
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self.time + self.lockout
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}
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pub fn is_trunk_of(&self, other: &Vote, fork_tree: &HashMap<usize, Fork>) -> bool {
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self.fork.is_trunk_of(&other.fork, fork_tree)
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}
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}
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#[derive(Debug)]
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pub struct LockTower {
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votes: VecDeque<Vote>,
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max_size: usize,
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fork_trunk: Fork,
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converge_depth: usize,
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delay_count: usize,
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delayed_votes: VecDeque<Vote>,
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parasite: bool,
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}
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impl LockTower {
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pub fn new(max_size: usize, converge_depth: usize, delay_count: usize) -> Self {
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Self {
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votes: VecDeque::new(),
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max_size,
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fork_trunk: Fork::default(),
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converge_depth,
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delay_count,
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delayed_votes: VecDeque::new(),
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parasite: false,
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}
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}
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pub fn enter_vote(
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&mut self,
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vote: Vote,
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fork_tree: &HashMap<usize, Fork>,
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converge_map: &HashMap<usize, usize>,
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scores: &HashMap<Vote, usize>,
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) {
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let is_valid = self
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.get_vote(self.converge_depth)
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.map(|v| v.is_trunk_of(&vote, fork_tree))
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.unwrap_or(true);
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if is_valid {
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self.delayed_votes.push_front(vote);
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}
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loop {
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if self.delayed_votes.len() <= self.delay_count {
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break;
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}
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let votes = self.pop_best_votes(fork_tree, scores);
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for vote in votes {
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self.push_vote(vote, fork_tree, converge_map);
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}
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}
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let trunk = self.votes.get(self.converge_depth).cloned();
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trunk.map(|t| {
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self.delayed_votes.retain(|v| v.fork.id > t.fork.id);
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});
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}
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pub fn pop_best_votes(
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&mut self,
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fork_tree: &HashMap<usize, Fork>,
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scores: &HashMap<Vote, usize>,
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) -> VecDeque<Vote> {
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let mut best: Vec<(usize, usize, usize)> = self
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.delayed_votes
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.iter()
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.enumerate()
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.map(|(i, v)| (*scores.get(&v).unwrap_or(&0), v.time, i))
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.collect();
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// highest score, latest vote first
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best.sort();
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if self.parasite {
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best.reverse();
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}
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// best vote is last
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let mut votes: VecDeque<Vote> = best
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.last()
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.and_then(|v| self.delayed_votes.remove(v.2))
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.into_iter()
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.collect();
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// plus any ancestors
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if votes.is_empty() {
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return votes;
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}
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let mut restart = true;
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// should really be using heap here
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while restart {
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restart = false;
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for i in 0..self.delayed_votes.len() {
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let is_trunk = {
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let v = &self.delayed_votes[i];
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v.is_trunk_of(votes.front().unwrap(), fork_tree)
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};
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if is_trunk {
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votes.push_front(self.delayed_votes.remove(i).unwrap());
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restart = true;
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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votes
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}
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pub fn push_vote(
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&mut self,
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vote: Vote,
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fork_tree: &HashMap<usize, Fork>,
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converge_map: &HashMap<usize, usize>,
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) -> bool {
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self.rollback(vote.time);
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if !self.is_valid(&vote, fork_tree) {
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return false;
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}
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if !self.is_converged(converge_map) {
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return false;
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}
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self.execute_vote(vote);
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if self.is_full() {
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self.pop_full();
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}
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true
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}
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/// check if the vote at `depth` has over 50% of the network committed
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fn is_converged(&self, converge_map: &HashMap<usize, usize>) -> bool {
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self.get_vote(self.converge_depth)
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.map(|v| {
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let v = *converge_map.get(&v.fork.id).unwrap_or(&0);
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// hard coded to 100 nodes
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assert!(v <= 100);
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v > 50
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}).unwrap_or(true)
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}
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pub fn score(&self, vote: &Vote, fork_tree: &HashMap<usize, Fork>) -> usize {
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let st = self.rollback_count(vote.time);
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if st < self.votes.len() && !self.votes[st].is_trunk_of(vote, fork_tree) {
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return 0;
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}
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let mut rv = 0;
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for i in st..self.votes.len() {
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let lockout = self.votes[i].lockout;
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rv += lockout;
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if i == 0 || self.votes[i - 1].lockout * 2 == lockout {
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// double the lockout from this vote
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rv += lockout;
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}
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}
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rv
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}
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fn rollback_count(&self, time: usize) -> usize {
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let mut last: usize = 0;
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for (i, v) in self.votes.iter().enumerate() {
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if v.lock_height() < time {
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last = i + 1;
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}
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}
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last
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}
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/// if a vote is expired, pop it and all the votes leading up to it
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fn rollback(&mut self, time: usize) {
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let last = self.rollback_count(time);
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for _ in 0..last {
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self.votes.pop_front();
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}
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}
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/// only add votes that are descendent from the last vote in the stack
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fn is_valid(&self, vote: &Vote, fork_tree: &HashMap<usize, Fork>) -> bool {
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self.last_fork().is_trunk_of(&vote.fork, fork_tree)
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}
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fn execute_vote(&mut self, vote: Vote) {
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let vote_time = vote.time;
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assert!(!self.is_full());
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assert_eq!(vote.lockout, 2);
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// push the new vote to the font
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self.votes.push_front(vote);
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// double the lockouts if the threshold to doulbe is met
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for i in 1..self.votes.len() {
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assert!(self.votes[i].time <= vote_time);
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if self.votes[i].lockout == self.votes[i - 1].lockout {
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self.votes[i].lockout *= 2;
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}
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}
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}
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fn pop_full(&mut self) {
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assert!(self.is_full());
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self.fork_trunk = self.votes.pop_back().unwrap().fork;
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}
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fn is_full(&self) -> bool {
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assert!(self.votes.len() <= self.max_size);
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self.votes.len() == self.max_size
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}
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fn last_vote(&self) -> Option<&Vote> {
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self.votes.front()
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}
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fn get_vote(&self, ix: usize) -> Option<&Vote> {
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self.votes.get(ix)
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}
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pub fn first_vote(&self) -> Option<&Vote> {
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self.votes.back()
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}
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pub fn last_fork(&self) -> Fork {
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self.last_vote()
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.map(|v| v.fork.clone())
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.unwrap_or(self.fork_trunk.clone())
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}
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}
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#[test]
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fn test_is_trunk_of_1() {
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let tree = HashMap::new();
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let b1 = Fork { id: 1, base: 0 };
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let b2 = Fork { id: 2, base: 0 };
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assert!(!b1.is_trunk_of(&b2, &tree));
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}
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#[test]
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fn test_is_trunk_of_2() {
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let tree = HashMap::new();
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let b1 = Fork { id: 1, base: 0 };
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let b2 = Fork { id: 0, base: 0 };
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assert!(!b1.is_trunk_of(&b2, &tree));
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}
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#[test]
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fn test_is_trunk_of_3() {
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let tree = HashMap::new();
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let b1 = Fork { id: 1, base: 0 };
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let b2 = Fork { id: 1, base: 0 };
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assert!(b1.is_trunk_of(&b2, &tree));
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}
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#[test]
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fn test_is_trunk_of_4() {
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let mut tree = HashMap::new();
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let b1 = Fork { id: 1, base: 0 };
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let b2 = Fork { id: 2, base: 1 };
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tree.insert(b1.id, b1.clone());
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assert!(b1.is_trunk_of(&b2, &tree));
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assert!(!b2.is_trunk_of(&b1, &tree));
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}
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#[test]
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fn test_push_vote() {
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let tree = HashMap::new();
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let bmap = HashMap::new();
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let b0 = Fork { id: 0, base: 0 };
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let mut node = LockTower::new(32, 7, 0);
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let vote = Vote::new(b0.clone(), 0);
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assert!(node.push_vote(vote, &tree, &bmap));
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assert_eq!(node.votes.len(), 1);
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let vote = Vote::new(b0.clone(), 1);
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assert!(node.push_vote(vote, &tree, &bmap));
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assert_eq!(node.votes.len(), 2);
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let vote = Vote::new(b0.clone(), 2);
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assert!(node.push_vote(vote, &tree, &bmap));
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assert_eq!(node.votes.len(), 3);
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let vote = Vote::new(b0.clone(), 3);
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assert!(node.push_vote(vote, &tree, &bmap));
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assert_eq!(node.votes.len(), 4);
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assert_eq!(node.votes[0].lockout, 2);
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assert_eq!(node.votes[1].lockout, 4);
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assert_eq!(node.votes[2].lockout, 8);
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assert_eq!(node.votes[3].lockout, 16);
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assert_eq!(node.votes[1].lock_height(), 6);
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assert_eq!(node.votes[2].lock_height(), 9);
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let vote = Vote::new(b0.clone(), 7);
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assert!(node.push_vote(vote, &tree, &bmap));
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assert_eq!(node.votes[0].lockout, 2);
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let b1 = Fork { id: 1, base: 1 };
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let vote = Vote::new(b1.clone(), 8);
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assert!(!node.push_vote(vote, &tree, &bmap));
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let vote = Vote::new(b0.clone(), 8);
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assert!(node.push_vote(vote, &tree, &bmap));
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assert_eq!(node.votes.len(), 4);
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assert_eq!(node.votes[0].lockout, 2);
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|
assert_eq!(node.votes[1].lockout, 4);
|
||
|
assert_eq!(node.votes[2].lockout, 8);
|
||
|
assert_eq!(node.votes[3].lockout, 16);
|
||
|
|
||
|
let vote = Vote::new(b0.clone(), 10);
|
||
|
assert!(node.push_vote(vote, &tree, &bmap));
|
||
|
assert_eq!(node.votes.len(), 2);
|
||
|
assert_eq!(node.votes[0].lockout, 2);
|
||
|
assert_eq!(node.votes[1].lockout, 16);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
fn create_network(sz: usize, depth: usize, delay_count: usize) -> Vec<LockTower> {
|
||
|
(0..sz)
|
||
|
.into_iter()
|
||
|
.map(|_| LockTower::new(32, depth, delay_count))
|
||
|
.collect()
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
/// The "height" or "depth" of this fork. How many forks until it connects to fork 0
|
||
|
fn calc_fork_depth(fork_tree: &HashMap<usize, Fork>, id: usize) -> usize {
|
||
|
let mut depth = 0;
|
||
|
let mut start = fork_tree.get(&id);
|
||
|
loop {
|
||
|
if start.is_none() {
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
depth += 1;
|
||
|
start = fork_tree.get(&start.unwrap().base);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
depth
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
/// map of `fork id` to `node count`
|
||
|
/// This map contains how many nodes have the fork as an ancestor
|
||
|
/// The fork with the highest count that is the newest is the network "trunk"
|
||
|
fn calc_fork_map(
|
||
|
network: &Vec<LockTower>,
|
||
|
fork_tree: &HashMap<usize, Fork>,
|
||
|
) -> HashMap<usize, usize> {
|
||
|
let mut lca_map: HashMap<usize, usize> = HashMap::new();
|
||
|
for node in network {
|
||
|
let mut start = node.last_fork();
|
||
|
loop {
|
||
|
*lca_map.entry(start.id).or_insert(0) += 1;
|
||
|
if fork_tree.get(&start.base).is_none() {
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
start = fork_tree.get(&start.base).unwrap().clone();
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
lca_map
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
/// find the fork with the highest count of nodes that have it as an ancestor
|
||
|
/// as well as with the highest possible fork id, which indicates it is the newest
|
||
|
fn calc_newest_trunk(bmap: &HashMap<usize, usize>) -> (usize, usize) {
|
||
|
let mut data: Vec<_> = bmap.iter().collect();
|
||
|
data.sort_by_key(|x| (x.1, x.0));
|
||
|
data.last().map(|v| (*v.0, *v.1)).unwrap()
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
/// how common is the latest fork of all the nodes
|
||
|
fn calc_tip_converged(network: &Vec<LockTower>, bmap: &HashMap<usize, usize>) -> usize {
|
||
|
let sum: usize = network
|
||
|
.iter()
|
||
|
.map(|n| *bmap.get(&n.last_fork().id).unwrap_or(&0))
|
||
|
.sum();
|
||
|
sum / network.len()
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
#[test]
|
||
|
fn test_no_partitions() {
|
||
|
let mut tree = HashMap::new();
|
||
|
let len = 100;
|
||
|
let mut network = create_network(len, 32, 0);
|
||
|
for rounds in 0..1 {
|
||
|
for i in 0..network.len() {
|
||
|
let time = rounds * len + i;
|
||
|
let base = network[i].last_fork().clone();
|
||
|
let fork = Fork {
|
||
|
id: time + 1,
|
||
|
base: base.id,
|
||
|
};
|
||
|
tree.insert(fork.id, fork.clone());
|
||
|
let vote = Vote::new(fork, time);
|
||
|
let bmap = calc_fork_map(&network, &tree);
|
||
|
for node in network.iter_mut() {
|
||
|
assert!(node.push_vote(vote.clone(), &tree, &bmap));
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
println!("{} {}", time, calc_tip_converged(&network, &bmap));
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
let bmap = calc_fork_map(&network, &tree);
|
||
|
assert_eq!(calc_tip_converged(&network, &bmap), len);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
/// * num_partitions - 1 to 100 partitions
|
||
|
/// * fail_rate - 0 to 1.0 rate of packet receive failure
|
||
|
/// * delay_count - number of forks to observe before voting
|
||
|
/// * parasite_rate - number of parasite nodes that vote oposite the greedy choice
|
||
|
fn test_with_partitions(
|
||
|
num_partitions: usize,
|
||
|
fail_rate: f64,
|
||
|
delay_count: usize,
|
||
|
parasite_rate: f64,
|
||
|
break_early: bool,
|
||
|
) {
|
||
|
let mut fork_tree = HashMap::new();
|
||
|
let len = 100;
|
||
|
let warmup = 8;
|
||
|
let mut network = create_network(len, warmup, delay_count);
|
||
|
for time in 0..warmup {
|
||
|
let bmap = calc_fork_map(&network, &fork_tree);
|
||
|
for node in network.iter_mut() {
|
||
|
let mut fork = node.last_fork().clone();
|
||
|
if fork.id == 0 {
|
||
|
fork.id = thread_rng().gen_range(1, 1 + num_partitions);
|
||
|
fork_tree.insert(fork.id, fork.clone());
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
let vote = Vote::new(fork, time);
|
||
|
assert!(node.is_valid(&vote, &fork_tree));
|
||
|
assert!(node.push_vote(vote.clone(), &fork_tree, &bmap));
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
for node in network.iter_mut() {
|
||
|
assert_eq!(node.votes.len(), warmup);
|
||
|
assert_eq!(node.first_vote().unwrap().lockout, 1 << warmup);
|
||
|
assert!(node.first_vote().unwrap().lock_height() >= 1 << warmup);
|
||
|
node.parasite = parasite_rate > thread_rng().gen_range(0.0, 1.0);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
let converge_map = calc_fork_map(&network, &fork_tree);
|
||
|
assert_ne!(calc_tip_converged(&network, &converge_map), len);
|
||
|
for rounds in 0..10 {
|
||
|
for i in 0..len {
|
||
|
let time = warmup + rounds * len + i;
|
||
|
let base = network[i].last_fork().clone();
|
||
|
let fork = Fork {
|
||
|
id: time + num_partitions,
|
||
|
base: base.id,
|
||
|
};
|
||
|
fork_tree.insert(fork.id, fork.clone());
|
||
|
let converge_map = calc_fork_map(&network, &fork_tree);
|
||
|
let vote = Vote::new(fork, time);
|
||
|
let mut scores: HashMap<Vote, usize> = HashMap::new();
|
||
|
network.iter().for_each(|n| {
|
||
|
n.delayed_votes.iter().for_each(|v| {
|
||
|
*scores.entry(v.clone()).or_insert(0) += n.score(&v, &fork_tree);
|
||
|
})
|
||
|
});
|
||
|
for node in network.iter_mut() {
|
||
|
if thread_rng().gen_range(0f64, 1.0f64) < fail_rate {
|
||
|
continue;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
node.enter_vote(vote.clone(), &fork_tree, &converge_map, &scores);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
let converge_map = calc_fork_map(&network, &fork_tree);
|
||
|
let trunk = calc_newest_trunk(&converge_map);
|
||
|
let trunk_time = if trunk.0 > num_partitions {
|
||
|
trunk.0 - num_partitions
|
||
|
} else {
|
||
|
trunk.0
|
||
|
};
|
||
|
println!(
|
||
|
"time: {}, tip converged: {}, trunk id: {}, trunk time: {}, trunk converged {}, trunk depth {}",
|
||
|
time,
|
||
|
calc_tip_converged(&network, &converge_map),
|
||
|
trunk.0,
|
||
|
trunk_time,
|
||
|
trunk.1,
|
||
|
calc_fork_depth(&fork_tree, trunk.0)
|
||
|
);
|
||
|
if break_early && calc_tip_converged(&network, &converge_map) == len {
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
if break_early {
|
||
|
let converge_map = calc_fork_map(&network, &fork_tree);
|
||
|
if calc_tip_converged(&network, &converge_map) == len {
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
let converge_map = calc_fork_map(&network, &fork_tree);
|
||
|
let trunk = calc_newest_trunk(&converge_map);
|
||
|
assert_eq!(trunk.1, len);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
#[test]
|
||
|
fn test_3_partitions() {
|
||
|
test_with_partitions(3, 0.0, 0, 0.0, true)
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
#[test]
|
||
|
#[ignore]
|
||
|
fn test_3_partitions_large_packet_drop() {
|
||
|
test_with_partitions(3, 0.9, 0, 0.0, false)
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
#[test]
|
||
|
#[ignore]
|
||
|
fn test_all_partitions() {
|
||
|
test_with_partitions(100, 0.0, 5, 0.25, false)
|
||
|
}
|