Refactor: Remove `Message` and `CompiledInstruction` from `InvokeContext` interfaces (#22102)

* Introduces InstructionAccount which is like AccountMeta but uses an index instead of a Pubkey

* Renames InvokeContext::create_message() to InvokeContext::prepare_instruction()

* Removes Message and CompiledInstruction from InvokeContext interfaces.

* Resolves TODOs of sol_invoke_signed() in program-test.

* Moves CompiledInstruction::visit_each_account() into invoke_context.rs
This commit is contained in:
Alexander Meißner 2021-12-24 16:17:55 +01:00 committed by GitHub
parent 214b561a28
commit 2ab4f34c02
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG Key ID: 4AEE18F83AFDEB23
7 changed files with 458 additions and 583 deletions

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

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@ -231,30 +231,19 @@ impl solana_sdk::program_stubs::SyscallStubs for SyscallStubs {
account_infos: &[AccountInfo],
signers_seeds: &[&[&[u8]]],
) -> ProgramResult {
//
// TODO: Merge the business logic below with the BPF invoke path in
// programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
//
let invoke_context = get_invoke_context();
let log_collector = invoke_context.get_log_collector();
let caller = *invoke_context.get_caller().expect("get_caller");
let message = Message::new(&[instruction.clone()], None);
let program_id_index = message.instructions[0].program_id_index as usize;
let program_id = message.account_keys[program_id_index];
// TODO don't have the caller's keyed_accounts so can't validate writer or signer escalation or deescalation yet
let caller_privileges = message
.account_keys
.iter()
.enumerate()
.map(|(i, _)| message.is_writable(i))
.collect::<Vec<bool>>();
stable_log::program_invoke(&log_collector, &program_id, invoke_context.invoke_depth());
stable_log::program_invoke(
&log_collector,
&instruction.program_id,
invoke_context.invoke_depth(),
);
// Convert AccountInfos into Accounts
let mut account_indices = Vec::with_capacity(message.account_keys.len());
let mut accounts = Vec::with_capacity(message.account_keys.len());
for (i, account_key) in message.account_keys.iter().enumerate() {
let (account_index, account_info) = invoke_context
@ -281,47 +270,26 @@ impl solana_sdk::program_stubs::SyscallStubs for SyscallStubs {
} else {
None
};
account_indices.push(account_index);
accounts.push((account_index, account_info));
}
let program_account_index = invoke_context.find_index_of_account(&program_id).unwrap();
let program_indices = vec![program_account_index];
// Check Signers
for account_info in account_infos {
for instruction_account in &instruction.accounts {
if *account_info.unsigned_key() == instruction_account.pubkey
&& instruction_account.is_signer
&& !account_info.is_signer
{
let mut program_signer = false;
for seeds in signers_seeds.iter() {
let signer = Pubkey::create_program_address(seeds, &caller).unwrap();
if instruction_account.pubkey == signer {
program_signer = true;
break;
}
}
assert!(
program_signer,
"Missing signer for {}",
instruction_account.pubkey
);
}
}
}
let signers = signers_seeds
.iter()
.map(|seeds| Pubkey::create_program_address(seeds, &caller).unwrap())
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let (instruction_accounts, caller_write_privileges, program_indices) = invoke_context
.prepare_instruction(instruction, &signers)
.unwrap();
if let Some(instruction_recorder) = &invoke_context.instruction_recorder {
instruction_recorder.record_instruction(instruction.clone());
}
invoke_context
.process_instruction(
&message,
&message.instructions[0],
&instruction.data,
&instruction_accounts,
Some(&caller_write_privileges),
&program_indices,
&account_indices,
&caller_privileges,
)
.map_err(|err| ProgramError::try_from(err).unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("{}", err)))?;
@ -353,7 +321,7 @@ impl solana_sdk::program_stubs::SyscallStubs for SyscallStubs {
}
}
stable_log::program_success(&log_collector, &program_id);
stable_log::program_success(&log_collector, &instruction.program_id);
Ok(())
}

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@ -450,20 +450,11 @@ mod tests {
];
let instruction_data = vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11];
let program_indices = [0];
let preparation = prepare_mock_invoke_context(
&program_indices,
&instruction_data,
transaction_accounts.clone(),
instruction_accounts,
);
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&preparation.accounts, &[]);
let preparation =
prepare_mock_invoke_context(transaction_accounts.clone(), instruction_accounts);
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&preparation.transaction_accounts, &[]);
invoke_context
.push(
&preparation.message,
&preparation.message.instructions[0],
&program_indices,
&preparation.account_indices,
)
.push(&preparation.instruction_accounts, &program_indices)
.unwrap();
// check serialize_parameters_aligned

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use {
alloc::Alloc,
solana_program_runtime::{
ic_logger_msg, ic_msg,
invoke_context::{ComputeMeter, InvokeContext},
invoke_context::{ComputeMeter, InstructionAccount, InvokeContext},
stable_log,
},
solana_rbpf::{
@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ use {
},
hash::{Hasher, HASH_BYTES},
instruction::{AccountMeta, Instruction, InstructionError},
keccak,
message::Message,
native_loader,
keccak, native_loader,
precompiles::is_precompile,
program::MAX_RETURN_DATA,
program_stubs::is_nonoverlapping,
@ -1666,7 +1664,7 @@ struct CallerAccount<'a> {
executable: bool,
rent_epoch: u64,
}
type TranslatedAccounts<'a> = (Vec<usize>, Vec<(usize, Option<CallerAccount<'a>>)>);
type TranslatedAccounts<'a> = Vec<(usize, Option<CallerAccount<'a>>)>;
/// Implemented by language specific data structure translators
trait SyscallInvokeSigned<'a, 'b> {
@ -1681,7 +1679,8 @@ trait SyscallInvokeSigned<'a, 'b> {
fn translate_accounts<'c>(
&'c self,
loader_id: &Pubkey,
message: &Message,
instruction_accounts: &[InstructionAccount],
program_indices: &[usize],
account_infos_addr: u64,
account_infos_len: u64,
memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
@ -1744,7 +1743,8 @@ impl<'a, 'b> SyscallInvokeSigned<'a, 'b> for SyscallInvokeSignedRust<'a, 'b> {
fn translate_accounts<'c>(
&'c self,
loader_id: &Pubkey,
message: &Message,
instruction_accounts: &[InstructionAccount],
program_indices: &[usize],
account_infos_addr: u64,
account_infos_len: u64,
memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
@ -1839,7 +1839,8 @@ impl<'a, 'b> SyscallInvokeSigned<'a, 'b> for SyscallInvokeSignedRust<'a, 'b> {
};
get_translated_accounts(
message,
instruction_accounts,
program_indices,
&account_info_keys,
account_infos,
invoke_context,
@ -2033,7 +2034,8 @@ impl<'a, 'b> SyscallInvokeSigned<'a, 'b> for SyscallInvokeSignedC<'a, 'b> {
fn translate_accounts<'c>(
&'c self,
loader_id: &Pubkey,
message: &Message,
instruction_accounts: &[InstructionAccount],
program_indices: &[usize],
account_infos_addr: u64,
account_infos_len: u64,
memory_mapping: &MemoryMapping,
@ -2106,7 +2108,8 @@ impl<'a, 'b> SyscallInvokeSigned<'a, 'b> for SyscallInvokeSignedC<'a, 'b> {
};
get_translated_accounts(
message,
instruction_accounts,
program_indices,
&account_info_keys,
account_infos,
invoke_context,
@ -2187,7 +2190,8 @@ impl<'a, 'b> SyscallObject<BpfError> for SyscallInvokeSignedC<'a, 'b> {
}
fn get_translated_accounts<'a, T, F>(
message: &Message,
instruction_accounts: &[InstructionAccount],
program_indices: &[usize],
account_info_keys: &[&Pubkey],
account_infos: &[T],
invoke_context: &mut InvokeContext,
@ -2200,78 +2204,78 @@ where
let keyed_accounts = invoke_context
.get_instruction_keyed_accounts()
.map_err(SyscallError::InstructionError)?;
let mut account_indices = Vec::with_capacity(message.account_keys.len());
let mut accounts = Vec::with_capacity(message.account_keys.len());
for (i, account_key) in message.account_keys.iter().enumerate() {
if let Some(account_index) = invoke_context.find_index_of_account(account_key) {
let account = invoke_context.get_account_at_index(account_index);
if i == message.instructions[0].program_id_index as usize
|| account.borrow().executable()
{
// Use the known account
account_indices.push(account_index);
accounts.push((account_index, None));
continue;
} else if let Some(caller_account_index) =
account_info_keys.iter().position(|key| *key == account_key)
{
let mut caller_account =
do_translate(&account_infos[caller_account_index], invoke_context)?;
{
let mut account = account.borrow_mut();
account.copy_into_owner_from_slice(caller_account.owner.as_ref());
account.set_data_from_slice(caller_account.data);
account.set_lamports(*caller_account.lamports);
account.set_executable(caller_account.executable);
account.set_rent_epoch(caller_account.rent_epoch);
}
let caller_account = if message.is_writable(i) {
if let Some(orig_data_len_index) = keyed_accounts
.iter()
.position(|keyed_account| keyed_account.unsigned_key() == account_key)
.map(|index| {
// index starts at first instruction account
index - keyed_accounts.len().saturating_sub(orig_data_lens.len())
})
.and_then(|index| {
if index >= orig_data_lens.len() {
None
} else {
Some(index)
}
})
{
caller_account.original_data_len = orig_data_lens[orig_data_len_index];
} else {
ic_msg!(
invoke_context,
"Internal error: index mismatch for account {}",
account_key
);
return Err(SyscallError::InstructionError(
InstructionError::MissingAccount,
)
.into());
}
let mut accounts = Vec::with_capacity(instruction_accounts.len().saturating_add(1));
Some(caller_account)
} else {
None
};
account_indices.push(account_index);
accounts.push((account_index, caller_account));
continue;
let program_account_index = program_indices
.last()
.ok_or(SyscallError::InstructionError(
InstructionError::MissingAccount,
))?;
accounts.push((*program_account_index, None));
for instruction_account in instruction_accounts.iter() {
let account = invoke_context.get_account_at_index(instruction_account.index);
let account_key = invoke_context.get_account_key_at_index(instruction_account.index);
if account.borrow().executable() {
// Use the known account
accounts.push((instruction_account.index, None));
} else if let Some(caller_account_index) =
account_info_keys.iter().position(|key| *key == account_key)
{
let mut caller_account =
do_translate(&account_infos[caller_account_index], invoke_context)?;
{
let mut account = account.borrow_mut();
account.copy_into_owner_from_slice(caller_account.owner.as_ref());
account.set_data_from_slice(caller_account.data);
account.set_lamports(*caller_account.lamports);
account.set_executable(caller_account.executable);
account.set_rent_epoch(caller_account.rent_epoch);
}
let caller_account = if instruction_account.is_writable {
if let Some(orig_data_len_index) = keyed_accounts
.iter()
.position(|keyed_account| keyed_account.unsigned_key() == account_key)
.map(|index| {
// index starts at first instruction account
index - keyed_accounts.len().saturating_sub(orig_data_lens.len())
})
.and_then(|index| {
if index >= orig_data_lens.len() {
None
} else {
Some(index)
}
})
{
caller_account.original_data_len = orig_data_lens[orig_data_len_index];
} else {
ic_msg!(
invoke_context,
"Internal error: index mismatch for account {}",
account_key
);
return Err(
SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::MissingAccount).into(),
);
}
Some(caller_account)
} else {
None
};
accounts.push((instruction_account.index, caller_account));
} else {
ic_msg!(
invoke_context,
"Instruction references an unknown account {}",
account_key
);
return Err(SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::MissingAccount).into());
}
ic_msg!(
invoke_context,
"Instruction references an unknown account {}",
account_key
);
return Err(SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::MissingAccount).into());
}
Ok((account_indices, accounts))
Ok(accounts)
}
fn check_instruction_size(
@ -2364,13 +2368,14 @@ fn call<'a, 'b: 'a>(
signers_seeds_len,
memory_mapping,
)?;
let (message, caller_write_privileges, program_indices) = invoke_context
.create_message(&instruction, &signers)
let (instruction_accounts, caller_write_privileges, program_indices) = invoke_context
.prepare_instruction(&instruction, &signers)
.map_err(SyscallError::InstructionError)?;
check_authorized_program(&instruction.program_id, &instruction.data, *invoke_context)?;
let (account_indices, mut accounts) = syscall.translate_accounts(
let mut accounts = syscall.translate_accounts(
&loader_id,
&message,
&instruction_accounts,
&program_indices,
account_infos_addr,
account_infos_len,
memory_mapping,
@ -2379,17 +2384,16 @@ fn call<'a, 'b: 'a>(
// Record the instruction
if let Some(instruction_recorder) = &invoke_context.instruction_recorder {
instruction_recorder.record_instruction(instruction);
instruction_recorder.record_instruction(instruction.clone());
}
// Process instruction
invoke_context
.process_instruction(
&message,
&message.instructions[0],
&instruction.data,
&instruction_accounts,
Some(&caller_write_privileges),
&program_indices,
&account_indices,
&caller_write_privileges,
)
.map_err(SyscallError::InstructionError)?;
@ -2982,14 +2986,8 @@ mod tests {
let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
let program_account = RefCell::new(AccountSharedData::new(0, 0, &bpf_loader::id()));
let accounts = [(program_id, program_account)];
let message = Message::new(
&[Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![])],
None,
);
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&accounts, &[]);
invoke_context
.push(&message, &message.instructions[0], &[0], &[])
.unwrap();
invoke_context.push(&[], &[0]).unwrap();
let mut syscall_panic = SyscallPanic {
invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
};
@ -3059,14 +3057,8 @@ mod tests {
let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
let program_account = RefCell::new(AccountSharedData::new(0, 0, &bpf_loader::id()));
let accounts = [(program_id, program_account)];
let message = Message::new(
&[Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![])],
None,
);
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&accounts, &[]);
invoke_context
.push(&message, &message.instructions[0], &[0], &[])
.unwrap();
invoke_context.push(&[], &[0]).unwrap();
let mut syscall_sol_log = SyscallLog {
invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
};
@ -3163,14 +3155,8 @@ mod tests {
let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
let program_account = RefCell::new(AccountSharedData::new(0, 0, &bpf_loader::id()));
let accounts = [(program_id, program_account)];
let message = Message::new(
&[Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![])],
None,
);
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&accounts, &[]);
invoke_context
.push(&message, &message.instructions[0], &[0], &[])
.unwrap();
invoke_context.push(&[], &[0]).unwrap();
let cost = invoke_context.get_compute_budget().log_64_units;
let mut syscall_sol_log_u64 = SyscallLogU64 {
invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
@ -3205,14 +3191,8 @@ mod tests {
let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
let program_account = RefCell::new(AccountSharedData::new(0, 0, &bpf_loader::id()));
let accounts = [(program_id, program_account)];
let message = Message::new(
&[Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![])],
None,
);
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&accounts, &[]);
invoke_context
.push(&message, &message.instructions[0], &[0], &[])
.unwrap();
invoke_context.push(&[], &[0]).unwrap();
let cost = invoke_context.get_compute_budget().log_pubkey_units;
let mut syscall_sol_pubkey = SyscallLogPubkey {
invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
@ -3418,10 +3398,8 @@ mod tests {
let program_account =
RefCell::new(AccountSharedData::new(0, 0, &bpf_loader_deprecated::id()));
let accounts = [(program_id, program_account)];
let message = Message::new(
&[Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![])],
None,
);
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&accounts, &[]);
invoke_context.push(&[], &[0]).unwrap();
let bytes1 = "Gaggablaghblagh!";
let bytes2 = "flurbos";
@ -3475,7 +3453,6 @@ mod tests {
)
.unwrap();
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&accounts, &[]);
invoke_context
.get_compute_meter()
.borrow_mut()
@ -3485,9 +3462,6 @@ mod tests {
* invoke_context.get_compute_budget().sha256_byte_cost)
* 4,
);
invoke_context
.push(&message, &message.instructions[0], &[0], &[])
.unwrap();
let mut syscall = SyscallSha256 {
invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
};
@ -3547,10 +3521,6 @@ mod tests {
let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
let program_account = RefCell::new(AccountSharedData::new(0, 0, &bpf_loader::id()));
let accounts = [(program_id, program_account)];
let message = Message::new(
&[Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![])],
None,
);
// Test clock sysvar
{
@ -3584,9 +3554,7 @@ mod tests {
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&accounts, &[]);
let sysvars = [(sysvar::clock::id(), data)];
invoke_context.sysvars = &sysvars;
invoke_context
.push(&message, &message.instructions[0], &[0], &[])
.unwrap();
invoke_context.push(&[], &[0]).unwrap();
let mut syscall = SyscallGetClockSysvar {
invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
};
@ -3629,9 +3597,7 @@ mod tests {
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&accounts, &[]);
let sysvars = [(sysvar::epoch_schedule::id(), data)];
invoke_context.sysvars = &sysvars;
invoke_context
.push(&message, &message.instructions[0], &[0], &[])
.unwrap();
invoke_context.push(&[], &[0]).unwrap();
let mut syscall = SyscallGetEpochScheduleSysvar {
invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
};
@ -3681,9 +3647,7 @@ mod tests {
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&accounts, &[]);
let sysvars = [(sysvar::fees::id(), data)];
invoke_context.sysvars = &sysvars;
invoke_context
.push(&message, &message.instructions[0], &[0], &[])
.unwrap();
invoke_context.push(&[], &[0]).unwrap();
let mut syscall = SyscallGetFeesSysvar {
invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
};
@ -3724,9 +3688,7 @@ mod tests {
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&accounts, &[]);
let sysvars = [(sysvar::rent::id(), data)];
invoke_context.sysvars = &sysvars;
invoke_context
.push(&message, &message.instructions[0], &[0], &[])
.unwrap();
invoke_context.push(&[], &[0]).unwrap();
let mut syscall = SyscallGetRentSysvar {
invoke_context: Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut invoke_context)),
};
@ -3857,14 +3819,8 @@ mod tests {
let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
let program_account = RefCell::new(AccountSharedData::new(0, 0, &bpf_loader::id()));
let accounts = [(program_id, program_account)];
let message = Message::new(
&[Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![])],
None,
);
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&accounts, &[]);
invoke_context
.push(&message, &message.instructions[0], &[0], &[])
.unwrap();
invoke_context.push(&[], &[0]).unwrap();
let address = bpf_loader_upgradeable::id();
let exceeded_seed = &[127; MAX_SEED_LEN + 1];
@ -3973,14 +3929,8 @@ mod tests {
let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
let program_account = RefCell::new(AccountSharedData::new(0, 0, &bpf_loader::id()));
let accounts = [(program_id, program_account)];
let message = Message::new(
&[Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![])],
None,
);
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&accounts, &[]);
invoke_context
.push(&message, &message.instructions[0], &[0], &[])
.unwrap();
invoke_context.push(&[], &[0]).unwrap();
let cost = invoke_context
.get_compute_budget()
.create_program_address_units;

View File

@ -208,21 +208,11 @@ native machine code before execting it in the virtual machine.",
input.instruction_data
}
};
let preparation = prepare_mock_invoke_context(transaction_accounts, instruction_accounts);
let program_indices = [0, 1];
let preparation = prepare_mock_invoke_context(
&program_indices,
&[],
transaction_accounts,
instruction_accounts,
);
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&preparation.accounts, &[]);
let mut invoke_context = InvokeContext::new_mock(&preparation.transaction_accounts, &[]);
invoke_context
.push(
&preparation.message,
&preparation.message.instructions[0],
&program_indices,
&preparation.account_indices,
)
.push(&preparation.instruction_accounts, &program_indices)
.unwrap();
let keyed_accounts = invoke_context.get_keyed_accounts().unwrap();
let (mut parameter_bytes, account_lengths) = serialize_parameters(

View File

@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ use {
solana_measure::measure::Measure,
solana_program_runtime::{
instruction_recorder::InstructionRecorder,
invoke_context::{BuiltinProgram, Executors, InvokeContext, TransactionAccountRefCell},
invoke_context::{
BuiltinProgram, Executors, InstructionAccount, InvokeContext, TransactionAccountRefCell,
},
log_collector::LogCollector,
timings::ExecuteDetailsTimings,
},
@ -111,9 +113,26 @@ impl MessageProcessor {
invoke_context.instruction_recorder =
Some(&instruction_recorders[instruction_index]);
}
let instruction_accounts = instruction
.accounts
.iter()
.map(|account_index| {
let account_index = *account_index as usize;
InstructionAccount {
index: account_index,
is_signer: message.is_signer(account_index),
is_writable: message.is_writable(account_index),
}
})
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let mut time = Measure::start("execute_instruction");
let compute_meter_consumption = invoke_context
.process_instruction(message, instruction, program_indices, &[], &[])
.process_instruction(
&instruction.data,
&instruction_accounts,
None,
program_indices,
)
.map_err(|err| TransactionError::InstructionError(instruction_index as u8, err))?;
time.stop();
timings.accumulate_program(

View File

@ -639,52 +639,4 @@ impl CompiledInstruction {
pub fn program_id<'a>(&self, program_ids: &'a [Pubkey]) -> &'a Pubkey {
&program_ids[self.program_id_index as usize]
}
/// Visit each unique instruction account index once
pub fn visit_each_account(
&self,
work: &mut dyn FnMut(usize, usize) -> Result<(), InstructionError>,
) -> Result<(), InstructionError> {
let mut unique_index = 0;
'root: for (i, account_index) in self.accounts.iter().enumerate() {
// Note: This is an O(n^2) algorithm,
// but performed on a very small slice and requires no heap allocations
for account_index_before in self.accounts[..i].iter() {
if account_index_before == account_index {
continue 'root; // skip dups
}
}
work(unique_index, *account_index as usize)?;
unique_index += 1;
}
Ok(())
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_visit_each_account() {
let do_work = |accounts: &[u8]| -> (usize, usize) {
let mut unique_total = 0;
let mut account_total = 0;
let mut work = |unique_index: usize, account_index: usize| {
unique_total += unique_index;
account_total += account_index;
Ok(())
};
let instruction = CompiledInstruction::new(0, &[0], accounts.to_vec());
instruction.visit_each_account(&mut work).unwrap();
(unique_total, account_total)
};
assert_eq!((6, 6), do_work(&[0, 1, 2, 3]));
assert_eq!((6, 6), do_work(&[0, 1, 1, 2, 3]));
assert_eq!((6, 6), do_work(&[0, 1, 2, 3, 3]));
assert_eq!((6, 6), do_work(&[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3]));
assert_eq!((0, 2), do_work(&[2, 2]));
}
}