Show flags for accounts in tx by solana confirm (#15804)

* Show flags for accounts in tx by solana confirm

* Address review comments

* Improve comment a bit

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Tyera Eulberg <teulberg@gmail.com>

* Further apply review suggestions

Co-authored-by: Tyera Eulberg <teulberg@gmail.com>

cli-output/src/display.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use {
     console::style,
     indicatif::{ProgressBar, ProgressStyle},
     solana_sdk::{
-        clock::UnixTimestamp, hash::Hash, native_token::lamports_to_sol,
+        clock::UnixTimestamp, hash::Hash, message::Message, native_token::lamports_to_sol,
         program_utils::limited_deserialize, transaction::Transaction,
     },
     solana_transaction_status::UiTransactionStatusMeta,
@@ -125,6 +125,31 @@ pub fn println_signers(
     println!();
 }
 
+fn format_account_mode(message: &Message, index: usize) -> String {
+    format!(
+        "{}r{}{}", // accounts are always readable...
+        if message.is_signer(index) {
+            "s" // stands for signer
+        } else {
+            "-"
+        },
+        if message.is_writable(index) {
+            "w" // comment for consistent rust fmt (no joking; lol)
+        } else {
+            "-"
+        },
+        // account may be executable on-chain while not being
+        // designated as a program-id in the message
+        if message.maybe_executable(index) {
+            "x"
+        } else {
+            // programs to be executed via CPI cannot be identified as
+            // executable from the message
+            "-"
+        },
+    )
+}
+
 pub fn write_transaction<W: io::Write>(
     w: &mut W,
     transaction: &Transaction,
@@ -167,16 +192,31 @@ pub fn write_transaction<W: io::Write>(
             prefix, signature_index, signature, sigverify_status,
         )?;
     }
-    writeln!(w, "{}{:?}", prefix, message.header)?;
+    let mut fee_payer_index = None;
     for (account_index, account) in message.account_keys.iter().enumerate() {
-        writeln!(w, "{}Account {}: {:?}", prefix, account_index, account)?;
+        if fee_payer_index.is_none() && message.is_non_loader_key(account, account_index) {
+            fee_payer_index = Some(account_index)
+        }
+        writeln!(
+            w,
+            "{}Account {}: {} {}{}",
+            prefix,
+            account_index,
+            format_account_mode(message, account_index),
+            account,
+            if Some(account_index) == fee_payer_index {
+                " (fee payer)"
+            } else {
+                ""
+            },
+        )?;
     }
     for (instruction_index, instruction) in message.instructions.iter().enumerate() {
         let program_pubkey = message.account_keys[instruction.program_id_index as usize];
         writeln!(w, "{}Instruction {}", prefix, instruction_index)?;
         writeln!(
             w,
-            "{}  Program: {} ({})",
+            "{}  Program:   {} ({})",
             prefix, program_pubkey, instruction.program_id_index
         )?;
         for (account_index, account) in instruction.accounts.iter().enumerate() {

cli/src/cli.rs

@@ -1987,6 +1987,17 @@ pub fn app<'ab, 'v>(name: &str, about: &'ab str, version: &'v str) -> App<'ab, '
                         .takes_value(true)
                         .required(true)
                         .help("The transaction signature to confirm"),
+                )
+                .after_help(// Formatted specifically for the manually-indented heredoc string
+                   "Note: This will show more detailed information for finalized transactions with verbose mode (-v/--verbose).\
+                  \n\
+                  \nAccount modes:\
+                  \n  |srwx|\
+                  \n    s: signed\
+                  \n    r: readable (always true)\
+                  \n    w: writable\
+                  \n    x: program account (inner instructions excluded)\
+                   "
                 ),
         )
         .subcommand(

sdk/program/src/message.rs

@@ -319,6 +319,10 @@ impl Message {
             .position(|&&pubkey| pubkey == self.account_keys[index])
     }
 
+    pub fn maybe_executable(&self, i: usize) -> bool {
+        self.program_position(i).is_some()
+    }
+
     pub fn is_writable(&self, i: usize) -> bool {
         i < (self.header.num_required_signatures - self.header.num_readonly_signed_accounts)
             as usize