update book with stake stuff (#4893)
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Rob Walker
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ stakes delegated to it and has no staking weight.
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A separate Stake account (created by a staker) names a Vote account to which the
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stake is delegated. Rewards generated are proportional to the amount of
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lamports staked. The Stake account is owned by the staker only. Lamports
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lamports staked. The Stake account is owned by the staker only. Some portion of the lamports
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stored in this account are the stake.
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## Passive Delegation
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ the Vote account or submitting votes to the account.
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The total stake allocated to a Vote account can be calculated by the sum of
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all the Stake accounts that have the Vote account pubkey as the
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`StakeState::Delegate::voter_pubkey`.
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`StakeState::Stake::voter_pubkey`.
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## Vote and Stake accounts
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@ -46,15 +46,15 @@ program that its delegate has participated in validating the ledger.
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VoteState is the current state of all the votes the validator has submitted to
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the network. VoteState contains the following state information:
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* votes - The submitted votes data structure.
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* `votes` - The submitted votes data structure.
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* credits - The total number of rewards this vote program has generated over its
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* `credits` - The total number of rewards this vote program has generated over its
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lifetime.
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* root\_slot - The last slot to reach the full lockout commitment necessary for
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* `root_slot` - The last slot to reach the full lockout commitment necessary for
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rewards.
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* commission - The commission taken by this VoteState for any rewards claimed by
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* `commission` - The commission taken by this VoteState for any rewards claimed by
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staker's Stake accounts. This is the percentage ceiling of the reward.
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* Account::lamports - The accumulated lamports from the commission. These do not
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@ -71,8 +71,12 @@ count as stakes.
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### VoteInstruction::AuthorizeVoteSigner(Pubkey)
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* `account[0]` - RW - The VoteState
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`VoteState::authorized_vote_signer` is set to to `Pubkey`, instruction must by
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signed by Pubkey
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`VoteState::authorized_vote_signer` is set to to `Pubkey`, the transaction must by
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signed by the Vote account's current `authorized_vote_signer`. <br>
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`VoteInstruction::AuthorizeVoter` allows a staker to choose a signing service
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for its votes. That service is responsible for ensuring the vote won't cause
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the staker to be slashed.
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### VoteInstruction::Vote(Vec<Vote>)
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@ -85,14 +89,16 @@ count as stakes.
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### StakeState
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A StakeState takes one of two forms, StakeState::Delegate and StakeState::MiningPool.
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A StakeState takes one of three forms, StakeState::Uninitialized, StakeState::Stake and StakeState::RewardsPool.
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### StakeState::Delegate
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### StakeState::Stake
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StakeState is the current delegation preference of the **staker**. StakeState
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StakeState::Stake is the current delegation preference of the **staker** and
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contains the following state information:
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* Account::lamports - The staked lamports.
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* Account::lamports - The lamports available for staking.
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* `stake` - the staked amount (subject to warm up and cool down) for generating rewards, always less than or equal to Account::lamports
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* `voter_pubkey` - The pubkey of the VoteState instance the lamports are
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delegated to.
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@ -100,56 +106,53 @@ delegated to.
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* `credits_observed` - The total credits claimed over the lifetime of the
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program.
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### StakeState::MiningPool
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* `activated` - the epoch at which this stake was activated/delegated. The full stake will be counted after warm up.
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There are two approaches to the mining pool. The bank could allow the
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StakeState program to bypass the token balance check, or a program representing
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the mining pool could run on the network. To avoid a single network wide lock,
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the pool can be split into several mining pools. This design focuses on using
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StakeState::MiningPool instances as the cluster wide mining pools.
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* `deactivated` - the epoch at which this stake will be completely de-activated, which is `cool down` epochs after StakeInstruction::Deactivate is issued.
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* 256 StakeState::MiningPool are initialized, each with 1/256 number of mining pool
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tokens stored as `Account::lamports`.
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### StakeState::RewardsPool
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The stakes and the MiningPool are accounts that are owned by the same `Stake`
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program.
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To avoid a single network wide lock or contention in redemption, 256 RewardsPools are part of genesis under pre-determined keys, each with std::u64::MAX credits to be able to satisfy redemptions according to point value.
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### StakeInstruction::Initialize
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The Stakes and the RewardsPool are accounts that are owned by the same `Stake` program.
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* `account[0]` - RW - The StakeState::Delegate instance.
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`StakeState::Delegate::credits_observed` is initialized to `VoteState::credits`.
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`StakeState::Delegate::voter_pubkey` is initialized to `account[1]`
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### StakeInstruction::DelegateStake(u64)
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The Stake account is moved from Unitialized to StakeState::Stake form. This is
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how stakers choose their initial delegate validator node and activate their
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stake account lamports.
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* `account[0]` - RW - The StakeState::Stake instance. <br>
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`StakeState::Stake::credits_observed` is initialized to `VoteState::credits`,<br>
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`StakeState::Stake::voter_pubkey` is initialized to `account[1]`,<br>
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`StakeState::Stake::stake` is initialized to the u64 passed as an argument above,<br>
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`StakeState::Stake::activated` is initialized to current Bank epoch, and<br>
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`StakeState::Stake::deactivated` is initialized to std::u64::MAX
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* `account[1]` - R - The VoteState instance.
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* `account[2]` - R - syscall::current account, carries information about current Bank epoch
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### StakeInstruction::RedeemVoteCredits
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The Staker or the owner of the Stake account sends a transaction with this
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The staker or the owner of the Stake account sends a transaction with this
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instruction to claim rewards.
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The Vote account and the Stake account pair maintain a lifetime counter
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of total rewards generated and claimed. When claiming rewards, the total lamports
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deposited into the Stake account and as validator commission is proportional to
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`VoteState::credits - StakeState::credits_observed`.
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The Vote account and the Stake account pair maintain a lifetime counter of total
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rewards generated and claimed. Rewards are paid according to a point value
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supplied by the Bank from inflation. A `point` is one credit * one staked
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lamport, rewards paid are proportional to the number of lamports staked.
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* `account[0]` - RW - The StakeState::MiningPool instance that will fulfill the
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reward.
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* `account[1]` - RW - The StakeState::Delegate instance that is redeeming votes
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credits.
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* `account[2]` - R - The VoteState instance, must be the same as
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`StakeState::voter_pubkey`
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* `account[0]` - RW - The StakeState::Stake instance that is redeeming rewards.
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* `account[1]` - R - The VoteState instance, must be the same as `StakeState::voter_pubkey`
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* `account[2]` - RW - The StakeState::RewardsPool instance that will fulfill the request (picked at random).
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* `account[3]` - R - syscall::rewards account from the Bank that carries point value.
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Reward is paid out for the difference between `VoteState::credits` to
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`StakeState::Delgate.credits_observed`, and `credits_observed` is updated to
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`VoteState::credits`. The commission is deposited into the Vote account token
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`StakeState::Stake::credits_observed`, multiplied by `syscall::rewards::Rewards::validator_point_value`.
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`StakeState::Stake::credits_observed` is updated to`VoteState::credits`. The commission is deposited into the Vote account token
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balance, and the reward is deposited to the Stake account token balance.
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The total lamports paid is a percentage-rate of the lamports staked muiltplied by
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the ratio of rewards being redeemed to rewards that could have been generated
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during the rate period.
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Any random MiningPool can be used to redeem the credits.
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```rust,ignore
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let credits_to_claim = vote_state.credits - stake_state.credits_observed;
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@ -157,24 +160,26 @@ stake_state.credits_observed = vote_state.credits;
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```
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`credits_to_claim` is used to compute the reward and commission, and
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`StakeState::Delegate::credits_observed` is updated to the latest
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`StakeState::Stake::credits_observed` is updated to the latest
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`VoteState::credits` value.
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## Collecting network fees into the MiningPool
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### StakeInstruction::Deactivate
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A staker may wish to withdraw from the network. To do so he must first deactivate his stake, and wait for cool down.
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At the end of the block, before the bank is frozen, but after it processed all
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the transactions for the block, a virtual instruction is executed to collect
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the transaction fees.
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* `account[0]` - RW - The StakeState::Stake instance that is deactivating, the transaction must be signed by this key.
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* `account[1]` - R - syscall::current account from the Bank that carries current epoch
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* A portion of the fees are deposited into the leader's account.
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* A portion of the fees are deposited into the smallest StakeState::MiningPool
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account.
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StakeState::Stake::deactivated is set to the current epoch + cool down. The account's stake will ramp down to zero by
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that epoch, and Account::lamports will be available for withdrawal.
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## Authorizing a Vote Signer
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`VoteInstruction::AuthorizeVoter` allows a staker to choose a signing service
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for its votes. That service is responsible for ensuring the vote won't cause
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the staker to be slashed.
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### StakeInstruction::Withdraw(u64)
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Lamports build up over time in a Stake account and any excess over activated stake can be withdrawn.
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* `account[0]` - RW - The StakeState::Stake from which to withdraw, the transaction must be signed by this key.
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* `account[1]` - RW - Account that should be credited with the withdrawn lamports.
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* `account[2]` - R - syscall::current account from the Bank that carries current epoch, to calculate stake.
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## Benefits of the design
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@ -187,9 +192,6 @@ the staker to be slashed.
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* Commission for the work is deposited when a reward is claimed by the delegated
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stake.
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This proposal would benefit from the `read-only` accounts proposal to allow for
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many rewards to be claimed concurrently.
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## Example Callflow
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<img alt="Passive Staking Callflow" src="img/passive-staking-callflow.svg" class="center"/>
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