#![allow(clippy::integer_arithmetic)]

use {
    byteorder::{ByteOrder, LittleEndian},
    solana_rbpf::{
        aligned_memory::{AlignedMemory, Pod},
        ebpf::{HOST_ALIGN, MM_INPUT_START},
        memory_region::MemoryRegion,
    },
    solana_sdk::{
        bpf_loader_deprecated,
        entrypoint::{BPF_ALIGN_OF_U128, MAX_PERMITTED_DATA_INCREASE, NON_DUP_MARKER},
        instruction::InstructionError,
        pubkey::Pubkey,
        system_instruction::MAX_PERMITTED_DATA_LENGTH,
        transaction_context::{
            BorrowedAccount, IndexOfAccount, InstructionContext, TransactionContext,
        },
    },
    std::{mem, mem::size_of},
};

/// Maximum number of instruction accounts that can be serialized into the
/// SBF VM.
const MAX_INSTRUCTION_ACCOUNTS: u8 = NON_DUP_MARKER;

enum SerializeAccount<'a> {
    Account(IndexOfAccount, BorrowedAccount<'a>),
    Duplicate(IndexOfAccount),
}

struct Serializer {
    pub buffer: AlignedMemory<HOST_ALIGN>,
    regions: Vec<MemoryRegion>,
    vaddr: u64,
    region_start: usize,
    aligned: bool,
}

impl Serializer {
    fn new(size: usize, start_addr: u64, aligned: bool) -> Serializer {
        Serializer {
            buffer: AlignedMemory::with_capacity(size),
            regions: Vec::new(),
            region_start: 0,
            vaddr: start_addr,
            aligned,
        }
    }

    fn fill_write(&mut self, num: usize, value: u8) -> std::io::Result<()> {
        self.buffer.fill_write(num, value)
    }

    pub fn write<T: Pod>(&mut self, value: T) {
        self.debug_assert_alignment::<T>();
        // Safety:
        // in serialize_parameters_(aligned|unaligned) first we compute the
        // required size then we write into the newly allocated buffer. There's
        // no need to check bounds at every write.
        //
        // AlignedMemory::write_unchecked _does_ debug_assert!() that the capacity
        // is enough, so in the unlikely case we introduce a bug in the size
        // computation, tests will abort.
        unsafe {
            self.buffer.write_unchecked(value);
        }
    }

    fn write_all(&mut self, value: &[u8]) {
        // Safety:
        // see write() - the buffer is guaranteed to be large enough
        unsafe {
            self.buffer.write_all_unchecked(value);
        }
    }

    fn write_account(&mut self, account: &BorrowedAccount<'_>) -> Result<(), InstructionError> {
        self.write_all(account.get_data());

        if self.aligned {
            let align_offset =
                (account.get_data().len() as *const u8).align_offset(BPF_ALIGN_OF_U128);
            self.fill_write(MAX_PERMITTED_DATA_INCREASE + align_offset, 0)
                .map_err(|_| InstructionError::InvalidArgument)?;
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn push_region(&mut self) {
        let range = self.region_start..self.buffer.len();
        let region = MemoryRegion::new_writable(
            self.buffer.as_slice_mut().get_mut(range.clone()).unwrap(),
            self.vaddr,
        );
        self.regions.push(region);
        self.region_start = range.end;
        self.vaddr += range.len() as u64;
    }

    fn finish(mut self) -> (AlignedMemory<HOST_ALIGN>, Vec<MemoryRegion>) {
        self.push_region();
        debug_assert_eq!(self.region_start, self.buffer.len());
        (self.buffer, self.regions)
    }

    fn debug_assert_alignment<T>(&self) {
        debug_assert!(
            !self.aligned
                || self
                    .buffer
                    .as_slice()
                    .as_ptr_range()
                    .end
                    .align_offset(mem::align_of::<T>())
                    == 0
        );
    }
}

pub fn serialize_parameters(
    transaction_context: &TransactionContext,
    instruction_context: &InstructionContext,
    should_cap_ix_accounts: bool,
) -> Result<(AlignedMemory<HOST_ALIGN>, Vec<MemoryRegion>, Vec<usize>), InstructionError> {
    let num_ix_accounts = instruction_context.get_number_of_instruction_accounts();
    if should_cap_ix_accounts && num_ix_accounts > MAX_INSTRUCTION_ACCOUNTS as IndexOfAccount {
        return Err(InstructionError::MaxAccountsExceeded);
    }
    let is_loader_deprecated = *instruction_context
        .try_borrow_last_program_account(transaction_context)?
        .get_owner()
        == bpf_loader_deprecated::id();

    let num_accounts = instruction_context.get_number_of_instruction_accounts() as usize;
    let mut accounts = Vec::with_capacity(num_accounts);
    let mut account_lengths: Vec<usize> = Vec::with_capacity(num_accounts);
    for instruction_account_index in 0..instruction_context.get_number_of_instruction_accounts() {
        if let Some(index) =
            instruction_context.is_instruction_account_duplicate(instruction_account_index)?
        {
            accounts.push(SerializeAccount::Duplicate(index));
            // unwrap here is safe: if an account is a duplicate, we must have
            // seen the original already
            account_lengths.push(*account_lengths.get(index as usize).unwrap());
        } else {
            let account = instruction_context
                .try_borrow_instruction_account(transaction_context, instruction_account_index)?;
            account_lengths.push(account.get_data().len());
            accounts.push(SerializeAccount::Account(
                instruction_account_index,
                account,
            ));
        };
    }

    if is_loader_deprecated {
        serialize_parameters_unaligned(transaction_context, instruction_context, accounts)
    } else {
        serialize_parameters_aligned(transaction_context, instruction_context, accounts)
    }
    .map(|(buffer, regions)| (buffer, regions, account_lengths))
}

pub fn deserialize_parameters(
    transaction_context: &TransactionContext,
    instruction_context: &InstructionContext,
    buffer: &[u8],
    account_lengths: &[usize],
) -> Result<(), InstructionError> {
    let is_loader_deprecated = *instruction_context
        .try_borrow_last_program_account(transaction_context)?
        .get_owner()
        == bpf_loader_deprecated::id();
    if is_loader_deprecated {
        deserialize_parameters_unaligned(
            transaction_context,
            instruction_context,
            buffer,
            account_lengths,
        )
    } else {
        deserialize_parameters_aligned(
            transaction_context,
            instruction_context,
            buffer,
            account_lengths,
        )
    }
}

fn serialize_parameters_unaligned(
    transaction_context: &TransactionContext,
    instruction_context: &InstructionContext,
    accounts: Vec<SerializeAccount>,
) -> Result<(AlignedMemory<HOST_ALIGN>, Vec<MemoryRegion>), InstructionError> {
    // Calculate size in order to alloc once
    let mut size = size_of::<u64>();
    for account in &accounts {
        size += 1; // dup
        match account {
            SerializeAccount::Duplicate(_) => {}
            SerializeAccount::Account(_, account) => {
                size += size_of::<u8>() // is_signer
                + size_of::<u8>() // is_writable
                + size_of::<Pubkey>() // key
                + size_of::<u64>()  // lamports
                + size_of::<u64>()  // data len
                + account.get_data().len() // data
                + size_of::<Pubkey>() // owner
                + size_of::<u8>() // executable
                + size_of::<u64>(); // rent_epoch
            }
        }
    }
    size += size_of::<u64>() // instruction data len
         + instruction_context.get_instruction_data().len() // instruction data
         + size_of::<Pubkey>(); // program id

    let mut s = Serializer::new(size, MM_INPUT_START, false);

    s.write::<u64>((accounts.len() as u64).to_le());
    for account in accounts {
        match account {
            SerializeAccount::Duplicate(position) => s.write(position as u8),
            SerializeAccount::Account(_, account) => {
                s.write::<u8>(NON_DUP_MARKER);
                s.write::<u8>(account.is_signer() as u8);
                s.write::<u8>(account.is_writable() as u8);
                s.write_all(account.get_key().as_ref());
                s.write::<u64>(account.get_lamports().to_le());
                s.write::<u64>((account.get_data().len() as u64).to_le());
                s.write_account(&account)
                    .map_err(|_| InstructionError::InvalidArgument)?;
                s.write_all(account.get_owner().as_ref());
                s.write::<u8>(account.is_executable() as u8);
                s.write::<u64>((account.get_rent_epoch()).to_le());
            }
        };
    }
    s.write::<u64>((instruction_context.get_instruction_data().len() as u64).to_le());
    s.write_all(instruction_context.get_instruction_data());
    s.write_all(
        instruction_context
            .try_borrow_last_program_account(transaction_context)?
            .get_key()
            .as_ref(),
    );

    Ok(s.finish())
}

pub fn deserialize_parameters_unaligned(
    transaction_context: &TransactionContext,
    instruction_context: &InstructionContext,
    buffer: &[u8],
    account_lengths: &[usize],
) -> Result<(), InstructionError> {
    let mut start = size_of::<u64>(); // number of accounts
    for (instruction_account_index, pre_len) in
        (0..instruction_context.get_number_of_instruction_accounts()).zip(account_lengths.iter())
    {
        let duplicate =
            instruction_context.is_instruction_account_duplicate(instruction_account_index)?;
        start += 1; // is_dup
        if duplicate.is_none() {
            let mut borrowed_account = instruction_context
                .try_borrow_instruction_account(transaction_context, instruction_account_index)?;
            start += size_of::<u8>(); // is_signer
            start += size_of::<u8>(); // is_writable
            start += size_of::<Pubkey>(); // key
            let lamports = LittleEndian::read_u64(
                buffer
                    .get(start..)
                    .ok_or(InstructionError::InvalidArgument)?,
            );
            if borrowed_account.get_lamports() != lamports {
                borrowed_account.set_lamports(lamports)?;
            }
            start += size_of::<u64>() // lamports
                + size_of::<u64>(); // data length
            let data = buffer
                .get(start..start + pre_len)
                .ok_or(InstructionError::InvalidArgument)?;
            // The redundant check helps to avoid the expensive data comparison if we can
            match borrowed_account
                .can_data_be_resized(data.len())
                .and_then(|_| borrowed_account.can_data_be_changed())
            {
                Ok(()) => borrowed_account.set_data_from_slice(data)?,
                Err(err) if borrowed_account.get_data() != data => return Err(err),
                _ => {}
            }
            start += pre_len // data
                + size_of::<Pubkey>() // owner
                + size_of::<u8>() // executable
                + size_of::<u64>(); // rent_epoch
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn serialize_parameters_aligned(
    transaction_context: &TransactionContext,
    instruction_context: &InstructionContext,
    accounts: Vec<SerializeAccount>,
) -> Result<(AlignedMemory<HOST_ALIGN>, Vec<MemoryRegion>), InstructionError> {
    // Calculate size in order to alloc once
    let mut size = size_of::<u64>();
    for account in &accounts {
        size += 1; // dup
        match account {
            SerializeAccount::Duplicate(_) => size += 7, // padding to 64-bit aligned
            SerializeAccount::Account(_, account) => {
                let data_len = account.get_data().len();
                size += size_of::<u8>() // is_signer
                + size_of::<u8>() // is_writable
                + size_of::<u8>() // executable
                + size_of::<u32>() // original_data_len
                + size_of::<Pubkey>()  // key
                + size_of::<Pubkey>() // owner
                + size_of::<u64>()  // lamports
                + size_of::<u64>()  // data len
                + data_len
                + MAX_PERMITTED_DATA_INCREASE
                + (data_len as *const u8).align_offset(BPF_ALIGN_OF_U128)
                + size_of::<u64>(); // rent epoch
            }
        }
    }
    size += size_of::<u64>() // data len
    + instruction_context.get_instruction_data().len()
    + size_of::<Pubkey>(); // program id;

    let mut s = Serializer::new(size, MM_INPUT_START, true);

    // Serialize into the buffer
    s.write::<u64>((accounts.len() as u64).to_le());
    for account in accounts {
        match account {
            SerializeAccount::Account(_, borrowed_account) => {
                s.write::<u8>(NON_DUP_MARKER);
                s.write::<u8>(borrowed_account.is_signer() as u8);
                s.write::<u8>(borrowed_account.is_writable() as u8);
                s.write::<u8>(borrowed_account.is_executable() as u8);
                s.write_all(&[0u8, 0, 0, 0]);
                s.write_all(borrowed_account.get_key().as_ref());
                s.write_all(borrowed_account.get_owner().as_ref());
                s.write::<u64>(borrowed_account.get_lamports().to_le());
                s.write::<u64>((borrowed_account.get_data().len() as u64).to_le());
                s.write_account(&borrowed_account)
                    .map_err(|_| InstructionError::InvalidArgument)?;
                s.write::<u64>((borrowed_account.get_rent_epoch()).to_le());
            }
            SerializeAccount::Duplicate(position) => {
                s.write::<u8>(position as u8);
                s.write_all(&[0u8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
            }
        };
    }
    s.write::<u64>((instruction_context.get_instruction_data().len() as u64).to_le());
    s.write_all(instruction_context.get_instruction_data());
    s.write_all(
        instruction_context
            .try_borrow_last_program_account(transaction_context)?
            .get_key()
            .as_ref(),
    );

    Ok(s.finish())
}

pub fn deserialize_parameters_aligned(
    transaction_context: &TransactionContext,
    instruction_context: &InstructionContext,
    buffer: &[u8],
    account_lengths: &[usize],
) -> Result<(), InstructionError> {
    let mut start = size_of::<u64>(); // number of accounts
    for (instruction_account_index, pre_len) in
        (0..instruction_context.get_number_of_instruction_accounts()).zip(account_lengths.iter())
    {
        let duplicate =
            instruction_context.is_instruction_account_duplicate(instruction_account_index)?;
        start += size_of::<u8>(); // position
        if duplicate.is_some() {
            start += 7; // padding to 64-bit aligned
        } else {
            let mut borrowed_account = instruction_context
                .try_borrow_instruction_account(transaction_context, instruction_account_index)?;
            start += size_of::<u8>() // is_signer
                + size_of::<u8>() // is_writable
                + size_of::<u8>() // executable
                + size_of::<u32>() // original_data_len
                + size_of::<Pubkey>(); // key
            let owner = buffer
                .get(start..start + size_of::<Pubkey>())
                .ok_or(InstructionError::InvalidArgument)?;
            start += size_of::<Pubkey>(); // owner
            let lamports = LittleEndian::read_u64(
                buffer
                    .get(start..)
                    .ok_or(InstructionError::InvalidArgument)?,
            );
            if borrowed_account.get_lamports() != lamports {
                borrowed_account.set_lamports(lamports)?;
            }
            start += size_of::<u64>(); // lamports
            let post_len = LittleEndian::read_u64(
                buffer
                    .get(start..)
                    .ok_or(InstructionError::InvalidArgument)?,
            ) as usize;
            start += size_of::<u64>(); // data length
            if post_len.saturating_sub(*pre_len) > MAX_PERMITTED_DATA_INCREASE
                || post_len > MAX_PERMITTED_DATA_LENGTH as usize
            {
                return Err(InstructionError::InvalidRealloc);
            }
            let data_end = start + post_len;
            let data = buffer
                .get(start..data_end)
                .ok_or(InstructionError::InvalidArgument)?;
            // The redundant check helps to avoid the expensive data comparison if we can
            match borrowed_account
                .can_data_be_resized(data.len())
                .and_then(|_| borrowed_account.can_data_be_changed())
            {
                Ok(()) => borrowed_account.set_data_from_slice(data)?,
                Err(err) if borrowed_account.get_data() != data => return Err(err),
                _ => {}
            }
            start += *pre_len + MAX_PERMITTED_DATA_INCREASE; // data
            start += (start as *const u8).align_offset(BPF_ALIGN_OF_U128);
            start += size_of::<u64>(); // rent_epoch
            if borrowed_account.get_owner().to_bytes() != owner {
                // Change the owner at the end so that we are allowed to change the lamports and data before
                borrowed_account.set_owner(owner)?;
            }
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use {
        super::*,
        solana_program_runtime::with_mock_invoke_context,
        solana_sdk::{
            account::{Account, AccountSharedData, WritableAccount},
            account_info::AccountInfo,
            bpf_loader,
            entrypoint::deserialize,
            sysvar::rent::Rent,
            transaction_context::InstructionAccount,
        },
        std::{
            cell::RefCell,
            rc::Rc,
            slice::{from_raw_parts, from_raw_parts_mut},
        },
    };

    #[test]
    fn test_serialize_parameters_with_many_accounts() {
        struct TestCase {
            num_ix_accounts: usize,
            append_dup_account: bool,
            should_cap_ix_accounts: bool,
            expected_err: Option<InstructionError>,
            name: &'static str,
        }

        for TestCase {
            num_ix_accounts,
            append_dup_account,
            should_cap_ix_accounts,
            expected_err,
            name,
        } in [
            TestCase {
                name: "serialize max accounts without cap",
                num_ix_accounts: usize::from(MAX_INSTRUCTION_ACCOUNTS),
                should_cap_ix_accounts: false,
                append_dup_account: false,
                expected_err: None,
            },
            TestCase {
                name: "serialize max accounts and append dup without cap",
                num_ix_accounts: usize::from(MAX_INSTRUCTION_ACCOUNTS),
                should_cap_ix_accounts: false,
                append_dup_account: true,
                expected_err: None,
            },
            TestCase {
                name: "serialize max accounts with cap",
                num_ix_accounts: usize::from(MAX_INSTRUCTION_ACCOUNTS),
                should_cap_ix_accounts: true,
                append_dup_account: false,
                expected_err: None,
            },
            TestCase {
                name: "serialize too many accounts with cap",
                num_ix_accounts: usize::from(MAX_INSTRUCTION_ACCOUNTS) + 1,
                should_cap_ix_accounts: true,
                append_dup_account: false,
                expected_err: Some(InstructionError::MaxAccountsExceeded),
            },
            TestCase {
                name: "serialize too many accounts and append dup with cap",
                num_ix_accounts: usize::from(MAX_INSTRUCTION_ACCOUNTS),
                should_cap_ix_accounts: true,
                append_dup_account: true,
                expected_err: Some(InstructionError::MaxAccountsExceeded),
            },
            // This test case breaks parameter deserialization and can be cleaned up
            // when should_cap_ix_accounts is enabled.
            //
            // TestCase {
            //     name: "serialize too many accounts and append dup without cap",
            //     num_ix_accounts: usize::from(MAX_INSTRUCTION_ACCOUNTS) + 1,
            //     should_cap_ix_accounts: false,
            //     append_dup_account: true,
            //     expected_err: None,
            // },
        ] {
            let program_id = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
            let mut transaction_accounts = vec![(
                program_id,
                AccountSharedData::from(Account {
                    lamports: 0,
                    data: vec![],
                    owner: bpf_loader::id(),
                    executable: true,
                    rent_epoch: 0,
                }),
            )];
            for _ in 0..num_ix_accounts {
                transaction_accounts.push((
                    Pubkey::new_unique(),
                    AccountSharedData::from(Account {
                        lamports: 0,
                        data: vec![],
                        owner: program_id,
                        executable: false,
                        rent_epoch: 0,
                    }),
                ));
            }
            let mut instruction_accounts: Vec<_> = (0..num_ix_accounts as IndexOfAccount)
                .map(|index_in_callee| InstructionAccount {
                    index_in_transaction: index_in_callee + 1,
                    index_in_caller: index_in_callee + 1,
                    index_in_callee,
                    is_signer: false,
                    is_writable: false,
                })
                .collect();
            if append_dup_account {
                instruction_accounts.push(instruction_accounts.last().cloned().unwrap());
            }
            let program_indices = [0];
            let instruction_data = vec![];

            let mut transaction_context =
                TransactionContext::new(transaction_accounts, Some(Rent::default()), 1, 1);
            transaction_context
                .get_next_instruction_context()
                .unwrap()
                .configure(&program_indices, &instruction_accounts, &instruction_data);
            transaction_context.push().unwrap();
            let instruction_context = transaction_context
                .get_instruction_context_at_index_in_trace(0)
                .unwrap();

            let serialization_result = serialize_parameters(
                &transaction_context,
                instruction_context,
                should_cap_ix_accounts,
            );
            assert_eq!(
                serialization_result.as_ref().err(),
                expected_err.as_ref(),
                "{name} test case failed"
            );
            if expected_err.is_some() {
                continue;
            }

            let (mut serialized, _regions, _account_lengths) = serialization_result.unwrap();
            let (de_program_id, de_accounts, de_instruction_data) =
                unsafe { deserialize(serialized.as_slice_mut().first_mut().unwrap() as *mut u8) };
            assert_eq!(de_program_id, &program_id);
            assert_eq!(de_instruction_data, &instruction_data);
            for (index, account_info) in de_accounts.into_iter().enumerate() {
                let ix_account = &instruction_accounts.get(index).unwrap();
                assert_eq!(
                    account_info.key,
                    transaction_context
                        .get_key_of_account_at_index(ix_account.index_in_transaction)
                        .unwrap()
                );
                assert_eq!(account_info.owner, &program_id);
                assert!(!account_info.executable);
                assert!(account_info.data_is_empty());
                assert!(!account_info.is_writable);
                assert!(!account_info.is_signer);
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_serialize_parameters() {
        let program_id = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let transaction_accounts = vec![
            (
                program_id,
                AccountSharedData::from(Account {
                    lamports: 0,
                    data: vec![],
                    owner: bpf_loader::id(),
                    executable: true,
                    rent_epoch: 0,
                }),
            ),
            (
                solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
                AccountSharedData::from(Account {
                    lamports: 1,
                    data: vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5],
                    owner: bpf_loader::id(),
                    executable: false,
                    rent_epoch: 100,
                }),
            ),
            (
                solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
                AccountSharedData::from(Account {
                    lamports: 2,
                    data: vec![11u8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19],
                    owner: bpf_loader::id(),
                    executable: true,
                    rent_epoch: 200,
                }),
            ),
            (
                solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
                AccountSharedData::from(Account {
                    lamports: 3,
                    data: vec![],
                    owner: bpf_loader::id(),
                    executable: false,
                    rent_epoch: 3100,
                }),
            ),
            (
                solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
                AccountSharedData::from(Account {
                    lamports: 4,
                    data: vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5],
                    owner: bpf_loader::id(),
                    executable: false,
                    rent_epoch: 100,
                }),
            ),
            (
                solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
                AccountSharedData::from(Account {
                    lamports: 5,
                    data: vec![11u8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19],
                    owner: bpf_loader::id(),
                    executable: true,
                    rent_epoch: 200,
                }),
            ),
            (
                solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
                AccountSharedData::from(Account {
                    lamports: 6,
                    data: vec![],
                    owner: bpf_loader::id(),
                    executable: false,
                    rent_epoch: 3100,
                }),
            ),
        ];
        let instruction_accounts: Vec<InstructionAccount> = [1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6]
            .into_iter()
            .enumerate()
            .map(
                |(index_in_instruction, index_in_transaction)| InstructionAccount {
                    index_in_transaction,
                    index_in_caller: index_in_transaction,
                    index_in_callee: index_in_transaction - 1,
                    is_signer: false,
                    is_writable: index_in_instruction >= 4,
                },
            )
            .collect();
        let instruction_data = vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11];
        let program_indices = [0];
        let mut original_accounts = transaction_accounts.clone();
        with_mock_invoke_context!(invoke_context, transaction_context, transaction_accounts);
        invoke_context
            .transaction_context
            .get_next_instruction_context()
            .unwrap()
            .configure(&program_indices, &instruction_accounts, &instruction_data);
        invoke_context.push().unwrap();
        let instruction_context = invoke_context
            .transaction_context
            .get_current_instruction_context()
            .unwrap();

        // check serialize_parameters_aligned

        let (mut serialized, _regions, account_lengths) = serialize_parameters(
            invoke_context.transaction_context,
            instruction_context,
            true,
        )
        .unwrap();

        let (de_program_id, de_accounts, de_instruction_data) =
            unsafe { deserialize(serialized.as_slice_mut().first_mut().unwrap() as *mut u8) };

        assert_eq!(&program_id, de_program_id);
        assert_eq!(instruction_data, de_instruction_data);
        assert_eq!(
            (de_instruction_data.first().unwrap() as *const u8).align_offset(BPF_ALIGN_OF_U128),
            0
        );
        for account_info in de_accounts {
            let index_in_transaction = invoke_context
                .transaction_context
                .find_index_of_account(account_info.key)
                .unwrap();
            let account = invoke_context
                .transaction_context
                .get_account_at_index(index_in_transaction)
                .unwrap()
                .borrow();
            assert_eq!(account.lamports(), account_info.lamports());
            assert_eq!(account.data(), &account_info.data.borrow()[..]);
            assert_eq!(account.owner(), account_info.owner);
            assert_eq!(account.executable(), account_info.executable);
            assert_eq!(account.rent_epoch(), account_info.rent_epoch);

            assert_eq!(
                (*account_info.lamports.borrow() as *const u64).align_offset(BPF_ALIGN_OF_U128),
                0
            );
            assert_eq!(
                account_info
                    .data
                    .borrow()
                    .as_ptr()
                    .align_offset(BPF_ALIGN_OF_U128),
                0
            );
        }

        deserialize_parameters(
            invoke_context.transaction_context,
            instruction_context,
            serialized.as_slice(),
            &account_lengths,
        )
        .unwrap();
        for (index_in_transaction, (_key, original_account)) in original_accounts.iter().enumerate()
        {
            let account = invoke_context
                .transaction_context
                .get_account_at_index(index_in_transaction as IndexOfAccount)
                .unwrap()
                .borrow();
            assert_eq!(&*account, original_account);
        }

        // check serialize_parameters_unaligned
        original_accounts
            .first_mut()
            .unwrap()
            .1
            .set_owner(bpf_loader_deprecated::id());
        invoke_context
            .transaction_context
            .get_account_at_index(0)
            .unwrap()
            .borrow_mut()
            .set_owner(bpf_loader_deprecated::id());

        let (mut serialized, _regions, account_lengths) = serialize_parameters(
            invoke_context.transaction_context,
            instruction_context,
            true,
        )
        .unwrap();

        let (de_program_id, de_accounts, de_instruction_data) = unsafe {
            deserialize_unaligned(serialized.as_slice_mut().first_mut().unwrap() as *mut u8)
        };
        assert_eq!(&program_id, de_program_id);
        assert_eq!(instruction_data, de_instruction_data);
        for account_info in de_accounts {
            let index_in_transaction = invoke_context
                .transaction_context
                .find_index_of_account(account_info.key)
                .unwrap();
            let account = invoke_context
                .transaction_context
                .get_account_at_index(index_in_transaction)
                .unwrap()
                .borrow();
            assert_eq!(account.lamports(), account_info.lamports());
            assert_eq!(account.data(), &account_info.data.borrow()[..]);
            assert_eq!(account.owner(), account_info.owner);
            assert_eq!(account.executable(), account_info.executable);
            assert_eq!(account.rent_epoch(), account_info.rent_epoch);
        }

        deserialize_parameters(
            invoke_context.transaction_context,
            instruction_context,
            serialized.as_slice(),
            &account_lengths,
        )
        .unwrap();
        for (index_in_transaction, (_key, original_account)) in original_accounts.iter().enumerate()
        {
            let account = invoke_context
                .transaction_context
                .get_account_at_index(index_in_transaction as IndexOfAccount)
                .unwrap()
                .borrow();
            assert_eq!(&*account, original_account);
        }
    }

    // the old bpf_loader in-program deserializer bpf_loader::id()
    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
    pub unsafe fn deserialize_unaligned<'a>(
        input: *mut u8,
    ) -> (&'a Pubkey, Vec<AccountInfo<'a>>, &'a [u8]) {
        let mut offset: usize = 0;

        // number of accounts present

        #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
        let num_accounts = *(input.add(offset) as *const u64) as usize;
        offset += size_of::<u64>();

        // account Infos

        let mut accounts = Vec::with_capacity(num_accounts);
        for _ in 0..num_accounts {
            let dup_info = *(input.add(offset) as *const u8);
            offset += size_of::<u8>();
            if dup_info == NON_DUP_MARKER {
                #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
                let is_signer = *(input.add(offset) as *const u8) != 0;
                offset += size_of::<u8>();

                #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
                let is_writable = *(input.add(offset) as *const u8) != 0;
                offset += size_of::<u8>();

                let key: &Pubkey = &*(input.add(offset) as *const Pubkey);
                offset += size_of::<Pubkey>();

                #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
                let lamports = Rc::new(RefCell::new(&mut *(input.add(offset) as *mut u64)));
                offset += size_of::<u64>();

                #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
                let data_len = *(input.add(offset) as *const u64) as usize;
                offset += size_of::<u64>();

                let data = Rc::new(RefCell::new({
                    from_raw_parts_mut(input.add(offset), data_len)
                }));
                offset += data_len;

                let owner: &Pubkey = &*(input.add(offset) as *const Pubkey);
                offset += size_of::<Pubkey>();

                #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
                let executable = *(input.add(offset) as *const u8) != 0;
                offset += size_of::<u8>();

                #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
                let rent_epoch = *(input.add(offset) as *const u64);
                offset += size_of::<u64>();

                accounts.push(AccountInfo {
                    key,
                    is_signer,
                    is_writable,
                    lamports,
                    data,
                    owner,
                    executable,
                    rent_epoch,
                });
            } else {
                // duplicate account, clone the original
                accounts.push(accounts.get(dup_info as usize).unwrap().clone());
            }
        }

        // instruction data

        #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
        let instruction_data_len = *(input.add(offset) as *const u64) as usize;
        offset += size_of::<u64>();

        let instruction_data = { from_raw_parts(input.add(offset), instruction_data_len) };
        offset += instruction_data_len;

        // program Id

        let program_id: &Pubkey = &*(input.add(offset) as *const Pubkey);

        (program_id, accounts, instruction_data)
    }
}
