[TieredStorage] In-memory struct for writing OwnersBlock (#34853)

#### Problem
To write the owners-block, it requires an in-memory struct that maintains
a set of unique owner addresses while providing a look-up function to
obtain the OwnerOffset with the specified owner address. 

#### Summary of Changes
This PR adds OwnersTable, the in-memory struct that maintains
a set of unique owner addresses while providing a look-up function to
obtain the OwnerOffset with the specified owner address.

#### Test Plan
A new unit-test is added.

Cargo.lock

@@ -5307,6 +5307,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "fnv",
  "im",
  "index_list",
+ "indexmap 2.1.0",
  "itertools",
  "lazy_static",
  "libsecp256k1",

accounts-db/Cargo.toml

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ flate2 = { workspace = true }
 fnv = { workspace = true }
 im = { workspace = true, features = ["rayon", "serde"] }
 index_list = { workspace = true }
+indexmap = { workspace = true }
 itertools = { workspace = true }
 lazy_static = { workspace = true }
 log = { workspace = true }

accounts-db/src/tiered_storage/hot.rs

@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ pub mod tests {
             hot::{HotAccountMeta, HotStorageReader},
             index::{AccountIndexWriterEntry, IndexBlockFormat, IndexOffset},
             meta::{AccountMetaFlags, AccountMetaOptionalFields, TieredAccountMeta},
-            owners::OwnersBlockFormat,
+            owners::{OwnersBlockFormat, OwnersTable},
         },
         assert_matches::assert_matches,
         memoffset::offset_of,
@@ -823,9 +823,13 @@ pub mod tests {
         {
             let file = TieredStorageFile::new_writable(&path).unwrap();
 
+            let mut owners_table = OwnersTable::default();
+            addresses.iter().for_each(|owner_address| {
+                owners_table.insert(owner_address);
+            });
             footer
                 .owners_block_format
-                .write_owners_block(&file, &addresses)
+                .write_owners_block(&file, &owners_table)
                 .unwrap();
 
             // while the test only focuses on account metas, writing a footer
@@ -893,9 +897,13 @@ pub mod tests {
             // the owners_block_offset set to the end of the accounts blocks.
             footer.owners_block_offset = footer.index_block_offset;
 
+            let mut owners_table = OwnersTable::default();
+            owner_addresses.iter().for_each(|owner_address| {
+                owners_table.insert(owner_address);
+            });
             footer
                 .owners_block_format
-                .write_owners_block(&file, &owner_addresses)
+                .write_owners_block(&file, &owners_table)
                 .unwrap();
 
             // while the test only focuses on account metas, writing a footer
@@ -1029,9 +1037,13 @@ pub mod tests {
 
             // write owners block
             footer.owners_block_offset = current_offset as u64;
+            let mut owners_table = OwnersTable::default();
+            owners.iter().for_each(|owner_address| {
+                owners_table.insert(owner_address);
+            });
             footer
                 .owners_block_format
-                .write_owners_block(&file, &owners)
+                .write_owners_block(&file, &owners_table)
                 .unwrap();
 
             footer.write_footer_block(&file).unwrap();

accounts-db/src/tiered_storage/owners.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use {
         file::TieredStorageFile, footer::TieredStorageFooter, mmap_utils::get_pod,
         TieredStorageResult,
     },
+    indexmap::set::IndexSet,
     memmap2::Mmap,
     solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey,
 };
@@ -43,13 +44,13 @@ impl OwnersBlockFormat {
     pub fn write_owners_block(
         &self,
         file: &TieredStorageFile,
-        addresses: &[Pubkey],
+        owners_table: &OwnersTable,
     ) -> TieredStorageResult<usize> {
         match self {
             Self::AddressesOnly => {
                 let mut bytes_written = 0;
-                for address in addresses {
-                    bytes_written += file.write_pod(address)?;
+                for address in &owners_table.owners_set {
+                    bytes_written += file.write_pod(*address)?;
                 }
 
                 Ok(bytes_written)
@@ -77,6 +78,27 @@ impl OwnersBlockFormat {
     }
 }
 
+/// The in-memory representation of owners block for write.
+/// It manages a set of unique addresses of account owners.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct OwnersTable<'a> {
+    owners_set: IndexSet<&'a Pubkey>,
+}
+
+/// OwnersBlock is persisted as a consecutive bytes of pubkeys without any
+/// meta-data.  For each account meta, it has a owner_offset field to
+/// access its owner's address in the OwnersBlock.
+impl<'a> OwnersTable<'a> {
+    /// Add the specified pubkey as the owner into the OwnersWriterTable
+    /// if the specified pubkey has not existed in the OwnersWriterTable
+    /// yet.  In any case, the function returns its OwnerOffset.
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, pubkey: &'a Pubkey) -> OwnerOffset {
+        let (offset, _existed) = self.owners_set.insert_full(pubkey);
+
+        OwnerOffset(offset as u32)
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use {
@@ -105,9 +127,13 @@ mod tests {
         {
             let file = TieredStorageFile::new_writable(&path).unwrap();
 
+            let mut owners_table = OwnersTable::default();
+            addresses.iter().for_each(|owner_address| {
+                owners_table.insert(owner_address);
+            });
             footer
                 .owners_block_format
-                .write_owners_block(&file, &addresses)
+                .write_owners_block(&file, &owners_table)
                 .unwrap();
 
             // while the test only focuses on account metas, writing a footer
@@ -128,4 +154,31 @@ mod tests {
             );
         }
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_owners_table() {
+        let mut owners_table = OwnersTable::default();
+        const NUM_OWNERS: usize = 99;
+
+        let addresses: Vec<_> = std::iter::repeat_with(Pubkey::new_unique)
+            .take(NUM_OWNERS)
+            .collect();
+
+        // as we insert sequentially, we expect each entry has same OwnerOffset
+        // as its index inside the Vector.
+        for (i, address) in addresses.iter().enumerate() {
+            assert_eq!(owners_table.insert(address), OwnerOffset(i as u32));
+        }
+
+        let cloned_addresses = addresses.clone();
+
+        // insert again and expect the same OwnerOffset
+        for (i, address) in cloned_addresses.iter().enumerate() {
+            assert_eq!(owners_table.insert(address), OwnerOffset(i as u32));
+        }
+
+        // make sure the size of the resulting owner table is the same
+        // as the input
+        assert_eq!(owners_table.owners_set.len(), addresses.len());
+    }
 }

programs/sbf/Cargo.lock

@@ -4672,6 +4672,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "fnv",
  "im",
  "index_list",
+ "indexmap 2.1.0",
  "itertools",
  "lazy_static",
  "log",