--- title: Durable Transaction Nonces --- Durable transaction nonces are a mechanism for getting around the typical short lifetime of a transaction's [`recent_blockhash`](../transaction.md#recent-blockhash). They are implemented as a Solana Program, the mechanics of which can be read about in the [proposal](../implemented-proposals/durable-tx-nonces.md). ## Usage Examples Full usage details for durable nonce CLI commands can be found in the [CLI reference](../cli/usage.md). ### Nonce Authority Authority over a nonce account can optionally be assigned to another account. In doing so the new authority inherits full control over the nonce account from the previous authority, including the account creator. This feature enables the creation of more complex account ownership arrangements and derived account addresses not associated with a keypair. The `--nonce-authority ` argument is used to specify this account and is supported by the following commands - `create-nonce-account` - `new-nonce` - `withdraw-from-nonce-account` - `authorize-nonce-account` ### Nonce Account Creation The durable transaction nonce feature uses an account to store the next nonce value. Durable nonce accounts must be [rent-exempt](../implemented-proposals/rent.md#two-tiered-rent-regime), so need to carry the minimum balance to achieve this. A nonce account is created by first generating a new keypair, then create the account on chain - Command ```bash solana-keygen new -o nonce-keypair.json solana create-nonce-account nonce-keypair.json 1 ``` - Output ```text 2SymGjGV4ksPdpbaqWFiDoBz8okvtiik4KE9cnMQgRHrRLySSdZ6jrEcpPifW4xUpp4z66XM9d9wM48sA7peG2XL ``` > To keep the keypair entirely offline, use the [Paper Wallet](../paper-wallet/README.md) keypair generation [instructions](../paper-wallet/paper-wallet-usage.md#seed-phrase-generation.md) instead > [Full usage documentation](../cli/usage.md#solana-create-nonce-account) ### Querying the Stored Nonce Value Creating a durable nonce transaction requires passing the stored nonce value as the value to the `--blockhash` argument upon signing and submission. Obtain the presently stored nonce value with - Command ```bash solana nonce nonce-keypair.json ``` - Output ```text 8GRipryfxcsxN8mAGjy8zbFo9ezaUsh47TsPzmZbuytU ``` > [Full usage documentation](../cli/usage.md#solana-get-nonce) ### Advancing the Stored Nonce Value While not typically needed outside a more useful transaction, the stored nonce value can be advanced by - Command ```bash solana new-nonce nonce-keypair.json ``` - Output ```text 44jYe1yPKrjuYDmoFTdgPjg8LFpYyh1PFKJqm5SC1PiSyAL8iw1bhadcAX1SL7KDmREEkmHpYvreKoNv6fZgfvUK ``` > [Full usage documentation](../cli/usage.md#solana-new-nonce) ### Display Nonce Account Inspect a nonce account in a more human friendly format with - Command ```bash solana nonce-account nonce-keypair.json ``` - Output ```text balance: 0.5 SOL minimum balance required: 0.00136416 SOL nonce: DZar6t2EaCFQTbUP4DHKwZ1wT8gCPW2aRfkVWhydkBvS ``` > [Full usage documentation](../cli/usage.md#solana-nonce-account) ### Withdraw Funds from a Nonce Account Withdraw funds from a nonce account with - Command ```bash solana withdraw-from-nonce-account nonce-keypair.json ~/.config/solana/id.json 0.5 ``` - Output ```text 3foNy1SBqwXSsfSfTdmYKDuhnVheRnKXpoPySiUDBVeDEs6iMVokgqm7AqfTjbk7QBE8mqomvMUMNQhtdMvFLide ``` > Close a nonce account by withdrawing the full balance > [Full usage documentation](../cli/usage.md#solana-withdraw-from-nonce-account) ### Assign a New Authority to a Nonce Account Reassign the authority of a nonce account after creation with - Command ```bash solana authorize-nonce-account nonce-keypair.json nonce-authority.json ``` - Output ```text 3F9cg4zN9wHxLGx4c3cUKmqpej4oa67QbALmChsJbfxTgTffRiL3iUehVhR9wQmWgPua66jPuAYeL1K2pYYjbNoT ``` > [Full usage documentation](../cli/usage.md#solana-authorize-nonce-account) ## Other Commands Supporting Durable Nonces To make use of durable nonces with other CLI subcommands, two arguments must be supported. - `--nonce`, specifies the account storing the nonce value - `--nonce-authority`, specifies an optional [nonce authority](#nonce-authority) The following subcommands have received this treatment so far - [`pay`](../cli/usage.md#solana-pay) - [`delegate-stake`](../cli/usage.md#solana-delegate-stake) - [`deactivate-stake`](../cli/usage.md#solana-deactivate-stake) ### Example Pay Using Durable Nonce Here we demonstrate Alice paying Bob 1 SOL using a durable nonce. The procedure is the same for all subcommands supporting durable nonces #### - Create accounts First we need some accounts for Alice, Alice's nonce and Bob ```bash $ solana-keygen new -o alice.json $ solana-keygen new -o nonce.json $ solana-keygen new -o bob.json ``` #### - Fund Alice's account Alice will need some funds to create a nonce account and send to Bob. Airdrop her some SOL ```bash $ solana airdrop -k alice.json 10 10 SOL ``` #### - Create Alice's nonce account Now Alice needs a nonce account. Create one > Here, no separate [nonce authority](#nonce-authority) is employed, so `alice.json` has full authority over the nonce account ```bash $ solana create-nonce-account -k alice.json nonce.json 1 3KPZr96BTsL3hqera9up82KAU462Gz31xjqJ6eHUAjF935Yf8i1kmfEbo6SVbNaACKE5z6gySrNjVRvmS8DcPuwV ``` #### - A failed first attempt to pay Bob Alice attempts to pay Bob, but takes too long to sign. The specified blockhash expires and the transaction fails ```bash $ solana pay -k alice.json --blockhash expiredDTaxfagttWjQweib42b6ZHADSx94Tw8gHx3W7 bob.json 1 [2020-01-02T18:48:28.462911000Z ERROR solana_cli::cli] Io(Custom { kind: Other, error: "Transaction \"33gQQaoPc9jWePMvDAeyJpcnSPiGUAdtVg8zREWv4GiKjkcGNufgpcbFyRKRrA25NkgjZySEeKue5rawyeH5TzsV\" failed: None" }) Error: Io(Custom { kind: Other, error: "Transaction \"33gQQaoPc9jWePMvDAeyJpcnSPiGUAdtVg8zREWv4GiKjkcGNufgpcbFyRKRrA25NkgjZySEeKue5rawyeH5TzsV\" failed: None" }) ``` #### - Nonce to the rescue! Alice retries the transaction, this time specifying her nonce account and the blockhash stored there > Remember, `alice.json` is the [nonce authority](#nonce-authority) in this example ```bash $ solana nonce-account nonce.json balance: 1 SOL minimum balance required: 0.00136416 SOL nonce: F7vmkY3DTaxfagttWjQweib42b6ZHADSx94Tw8gHx3W7 ``` ```bash $ solana pay -k alice.json --blockhash F7vmkY3DTaxfagttWjQweib42b6ZHADSx94Tw8gHx3W7 --nonce nonce.json bob.json 1 HR1368UKHVZyenmH7yVz5sBAijV6XAPeWbEiXEGVYQorRMcoijeNAbzZqEZiH8cDB8tk65ckqeegFjK8dHwNFgQ ``` #### - Success! The transaction succeeds! Bob receives 1 SOL from Alice and Alice's stored nonce advances to a new value ```bash $ solana balance -k bob.json 1 SOL ``` ```bash $ solana nonce-account nonce.json balance: 1 SOL minimum balance required: 0.00136416 SOL nonce: 6bjroqDcZgTv6Vavhqf81oBHTv3aMnX19UTB51YhAZnN ```