solana/sdk/program/src/instruction.rs

#![allow(clippy::integer_arithmetic)]
//! Defines a composable Instruction type and a memory-efficient CompiledInstruction.

use crate::sanitize::Sanitize;
use crate::{pubkey::Pubkey, short_vec};
use bincode::serialize;
use borsh::BorshSerialize;
use serde::Serialize;
use thiserror::Error;

/// Reasons the runtime might have rejected an instruction.
#[derive(
    Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Error, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, AbiExample, AbiEnumVisitor,
)]
pub enum InstructionError {
    /// Deprecated! Use CustomError instead!
    /// The program instruction returned an error
    #[error("generic instruction error")]
    GenericError,

    /// The arguments provided to a program were invalid
    #[error("invalid program argument")]
    InvalidArgument,

    /// An instruction's data contents were invalid
    #[error("invalid instruction data")]
    InvalidInstructionData,

    /// An account's data contents was invalid
    #[error("invalid account data for instruction")]
    InvalidAccountData,

    /// An account's data was too small
    #[error("account data too small for instruction")]
    AccountDataTooSmall,

    /// An account's balance was too small to complete the instruction
    #[error("insufficient funds for instruction")]
    InsufficientFunds,

    /// The account did not have the expected program id
    #[error("incorrect program id for instruction")]
    IncorrectProgramId,

    /// A signature was required but not found
    #[error("missing required signature for instruction")]
    MissingRequiredSignature,

    /// An initialize instruction was sent to an account that has already been initialized.
    #[error("instruction requires an uninitialized account")]
    AccountAlreadyInitialized,

    /// An attempt to operate on an account that hasn't been initialized.
    #[error("instruction requires an initialized account")]
    UninitializedAccount,

    /// Program's instruction lamport balance does not equal the balance after the instruction
    #[error("sum of account balances before and after instruction do not match")]
    UnbalancedInstruction,

    /// Program modified an account's program id
    #[error("instruction modified the program id of an account")]
    ModifiedProgramId,

    /// Program spent the lamports of an account that doesn't belong to it
    #[error("instruction spent from the balance of an account it does not own")]
    ExternalAccountLamportSpend,

    /// Program modified the data of an account that doesn't belong to it
    #[error("instruction modified data of an account it does not own")]
    ExternalAccountDataModified,

    /// Read-only account's lamports modified
    #[error("instruction changed the balance of a read-only account")]
    ReadonlyLamportChange,

    /// Read-only account's data was modified
    #[error("instruction modified data of a read-only account")]
    ReadonlyDataModified,

    /// An account was referenced more than once in a single instruction
    // Deprecated, instructions can now contain duplicate accounts
    #[error("instruction contains duplicate accounts")]
    DuplicateAccountIndex,

    /// Executable bit on account changed, but shouldn't have
    #[error("instruction changed executable bit of an account")]
    ExecutableModified,

    /// Rent_epoch account changed, but shouldn't have
    #[error("instruction modified rent epoch of an account")]
    RentEpochModified,

    /// The instruction expected additional account keys
    #[error("insufficient account keys for instruction")]
    NotEnoughAccountKeys,

    /// A non-system program changed the size of the account data
    #[error("non-system instruction changed account size")]
    AccountDataSizeChanged,

    /// The instruction expected an executable account
    #[error("instruction expected an executable account")]
    AccountNotExecutable,

    /// Failed to borrow a reference to account data, already borrowed
    #[error("instruction tries to borrow reference for an account which is already borrowed")]
    AccountBorrowFailed,

    /// Account data has an outstanding reference after a program's execution
    #[error("instruction left account with an outstanding reference borrowed")]
    AccountBorrowOutstanding,

    /// The same account was multiply passed to an on-chain program's entrypoint, but the program
    /// modified them differently.  A program can only modify one instance of the account because
    /// the runtime cannot determine which changes to pick or how to merge them if both are modified
    #[error("instruction modifications of multiply-passed account differ")]
    DuplicateAccountOutOfSync,

    /// Allows on-chain programs to implement program-specific error types and see them returned
    /// by the Solana runtime. A program-specific error may be any type that is represented as
    /// or serialized to a u32 integer.
    #[error("custom program error: {0:#x}")]
    Custom(u32),

    /// The return value from the program was invalid.  Valid errors are either a defined builtin
    /// error value or a user-defined error in the lower 32 bits.
    #[error("program returned invalid error code")]
    InvalidError,

    /// Executable account's data was modified
    #[error("instruction changed executable accounts data")]
    ExecutableDataModified,

    /// Executable account's lamports modified
    #[error("instruction changed the balance of a executable account")]
    ExecutableLamportChange,

    /// Executable accounts must be rent exempt
    #[error("executable accounts must be rent exempt")]
    ExecutableAccountNotRentExempt,

    /// Unsupported program id
    #[error("Unsupported program id")]
    UnsupportedProgramId,

    /// Cross-program invocation call depth too deep
    #[error("Cross-program invocation call depth too deep")]
    CallDepth,

    /// An account required by the instruction is missing
    #[error("An account required by the instruction is missing")]
    MissingAccount,

    /// Cross-program invocation reentrancy not allowed for this instruction
    #[error("Cross-program invocation reentrancy not allowed for this instruction")]
    ReentrancyNotAllowed,

    /// Length of the seed is too long for address generation
    #[error("Length of the seed is too long for address generation")]
    MaxSeedLengthExceeded,

    /// Provided seeds do not result in a valid address
    #[error("Provided seeds do not result in a valid address")]
    InvalidSeeds,

    /// Failed to reallocate account data of this length
    #[error("Failed to reallocate account data")]
    InvalidRealloc,

    /// Computational budget exceeded
    #[error("Computational budget exceeded")]
    ComputationalBudgetExceeded,

    /// Cross-program invocation with unauthorized signer or writable account
    #[error("Cross-program invocation with unauthorized signer or writable account")]
    PrivilegeEscalation,

    /// Failed to create program execution environment
    #[error("Failed to create program execution environment")]
    ProgramEnvironmentSetupFailure,

    /// Program failed to complete
    #[error("Program failed to complete")]
    ProgramFailedToComplete,

    /// Program failed to compile
    #[error("Program failed to compile")]
    ProgramFailedToCompile,

    /// Account is immutable
    #[error("Account is immutable")]
    Immutable,

    /// Incorrect authority provided
    #[error("Incorrect authority provided")]
    IncorrectAuthority,

    /// Failed to serialize or deserialize account data
    #[error("Failed to serialize or deserialize account data: {0}")]
    BorshIoError(String),

    /// An account does not have enough lamports to be rent-exempt
    #[error("An account does not have enough lamports to be rent-exempt")]
    AccountNotRentExempt,

    /// Invalid account owner
    #[error("Invalid account owner")]
    InvalidAccountOwner,

    /// Program arithmetic overflowed
    #[error("Program arithmetic overflowed")]
    ArithmeticOverflow,
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct Instruction {
    /// Pubkey of the instruction processor that executes this instruction
    pub program_id: Pubkey,
    /// Metadata for what accounts should be passed to the instruction processor
    pub accounts: Vec<AccountMeta>,
    /// Opaque data passed to the instruction processor
    pub data: Vec<u8>,
}

impl Instruction {
    #[deprecated(
        since = "1.6.0",
        note = "Please use another Instruction constructor instead, such as `Instruction::new_with_bincode`"
    )]
    pub fn new<T: Serialize>(program_id: Pubkey, data: &T, accounts: Vec<AccountMeta>) -> Self {
        Self::new_with_bincode(program_id, data, accounts)
    }

    pub fn new_with_bincode<T: Serialize>(
        program_id: Pubkey,
        data: &T,
        accounts: Vec<AccountMeta>,
    ) -> Self {
        let data = serialize(data).unwrap();
        Self {
            program_id,
            data,
            accounts,
        }
    }

    pub fn new_with_borsh<T: BorshSerialize>(
        program_id: Pubkey,
        data: &T,
        accounts: Vec<AccountMeta>,
    ) -> Self {
        let data = data.try_to_vec().unwrap();
        Self {
            program_id,
            data,
            accounts,
        }
    }

    pub fn new_with_bytes(program_id: Pubkey, data: &[u8], accounts: Vec<AccountMeta>) -> Self {
        Self {
            program_id,
            data: data.to_vec(),
            accounts,
        }
    }
}

pub fn checked_add(a: u64, b: u64) -> Result<u64, InstructionError> {
    match a.checked_add(b) {
        Some(sum) => Ok(sum),
        None => Err(InstructionError::InsufficientFunds),
    }
}

/// Account metadata used to define Instructions
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct AccountMeta {
    /// An account's public key
    pub pubkey: Pubkey,
    /// True if an Instruction requires a Transaction signature matching `pubkey`.
    pub is_signer: bool,
    /// True if the `pubkey` can be loaded as a read-write account.
    pub is_writable: bool,
}

impl AccountMeta {
    pub fn new(pubkey: Pubkey, is_signer: bool) -> Self {
        Self {
            pubkey,
            is_signer,
            is_writable: true,
        }
    }

    pub fn new_readonly(pubkey: Pubkey, is_signer: bool) -> Self {
        Self {
            pubkey,
            is_signer,
            is_writable: false,
        }
    }
}

/// An instruction to execute a program
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, AbiExample)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
pub struct CompiledInstruction {
    /// Index into the transaction keys array indicating the program account that executes this instruction
    pub program_id_index: u8,
    /// Ordered indices into the transaction keys array indicating which accounts to pass to the program
    #[serde(with = "short_vec")]
    pub accounts: Vec<u8>,
    /// The program input data
    #[serde(with = "short_vec")]
    pub data: Vec<u8>,
}

impl Sanitize for CompiledInstruction {}

impl CompiledInstruction {
    pub fn new<T: Serialize>(program_ids_index: u8, data: &T, accounts: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
        let data = serialize(data).unwrap();
        Self {
            program_id_index: program_ids_index,
            data,
            accounts,
        }
    }

    pub fn program_id<'a>(&self, program_ids: &'a [Pubkey]) -> &'a Pubkey {
        &program_ids[self.program_id_index as usize]
    }

    /// Visit each unique instruction account index once
    pub fn visit_each_account(
        &self,
        work: &mut dyn FnMut(usize, usize) -> Result<(), InstructionError>,
    ) -> Result<(), InstructionError> {
        let mut unique_index = 0;
        'root: for (i, account_index) in self.accounts.iter().enumerate() {
            // Note: This is an O(n^2) algorithm,
            // but performed on a very small slice and requires no heap allocations
            for account_index_before in self.accounts[..i].iter() {
                if account_index_before == account_index {
                    continue 'root; // skip dups
                }
            }
            work(unique_index, *account_index as usize)?;
            unique_index += 1;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_visit_each_account() {
        let do_work = |accounts: &[u8]| -> (usize, usize) {
            let mut unique_total = 0;
            let mut account_total = 0;
            let mut work = |unique_index: usize, account_index: usize| {
                unique_total += unique_index;
                account_total += account_index;
                Ok(())
            };
            let instruction = CompiledInstruction::new(0, &[0], accounts.to_vec());
            instruction.visit_each_account(&mut work).unwrap();

            (unique_total, account_total)
        };

        assert_eq!((6, 6), do_work(&[0, 1, 2, 3]));
        assert_eq!((6, 6), do_work(&[0, 1, 1, 2, 3]));
        assert_eq!((6, 6), do_work(&[0, 1, 2, 3, 3]));
        assert_eq!((6, 6), do_work(&[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3]));
        assert_eq!((0, 2), do_work(&[2, 2]));
    }
}