feat: ADR-040: Implement RocksDB backend (#9851)

## Description Partially resolves: https://github.com/vulcanize/cosmos-sdk/issues/14 Implements a [RocksDB](https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb)-based backend for the DB interface introduced by https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/pull/9573 and specified by [ADR-040](eb7d939f86/docs/architecture/adr-040-storage-and-smt-state-commitments.md). * Historical versioning is implemented with [Checkpoints](https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki/Checkpoints). * Uses `OptimisticTransactionDB` to allow concurrent transactions with write conflict detection. This depends on some additional CGo bindings - see https://github.com/tecbot/gorocksdb/pull/216, https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8526. We'll need to replace the `gorocksdb` module until these are upstream. --- ### Author Checklist *All items are required. Please add a note to the item if the item is not applicable and please add links to any relevant follow up issues.* I have... - [x] included the correct [type prefix](https://github.com/commitizen/conventional-commit-types/blob/v3.0.0/index.json) in the PR title - [x] added `!` to the type prefix if API or client breaking change - [x] targeted the correct branch (see [PR Targeting](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#pr-targeting)) - [x] provided a link to the relevant issue or specification - [ ] followed the guidelines for [building modules](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/master/docs/building-modules) - n/a - [x] included the necessary unit and integration [tests](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#testing) - [x] added a changelog entry to `CHANGELOG.md` - [x] included comments for [documenting Go code](https://blog.golang.org/godoc) - [x] updated the relevant documentation or specification - [x] reviewed "Files changed" and left comments if necessary - [ ] confirmed all CI checks have passed ### Reviewers Checklist *All items are required. Please add a note if the item is not applicable and please add your handle next to the items reviewed if you only reviewed selected items.* I have... - [ ] confirmed the correct [type prefix](https://github.com/commitizen/conventional-commit-types/blob/v3.0.0/index.json) in the PR title - [ ] confirmed `!` in the type prefix if API or client breaking change - [ ] confirmed all author checklist items have been addressed - [ ] reviewed state machine logic - [ ] reviewed API design and naming - [ ] reviewed documentation is accurate - [ ] reviewed tests and test coverage - [ ] manually tested (if applicable)
2021-10-05 23:39:55 +08:00 · 2021-10-05 23:39:55 +08:00 · 33c8314efe
parent 9094794478
commit 33c8314efe
15 changed files with 1064 additions and 56 deletions
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@ -188,6 +188,7 @@ Ref: https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/
 * [\#9573](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/pull/9573) ADR 040 implementation: New DB interface
 * [\#9952](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/pull/9952) ADR 040: Implement in-memory DB backend
 * [\#9848](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/pull/9848) ADR-040: Implement BadgerDB backend
+* [\#9851](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/pull/9851) ADR-040: Implement RocksDB backend


 ### Client Breaking Changes
--- a/db/README.md
+++ b/db/README.md
@ -62,3 +62,6 @@ tx2.Set(key, []byte("b"))
 tx1.Commit() // ok
 tx2.Commit() // ok
 ```
+### RocksDB
+
+A [RocksDB](https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb)-based backend. Internally this uses [`OptimisticTransactionDB`](https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki/Transactions#optimistictransactiondb) to allow concurrent transactions with write conflict detection. Historical versioning is internally implemented with [Checkpoints](https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki/Checkpoints).
--- a/db/badgerdb/db.go
+++ b/db/badgerdb/db.go
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package badgerdb
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/csv"
+	"errors"
 	"math"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"

 	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db"
+	dbutil "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db/internal"

 	"github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v3"
 )
@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ type badgerTxn struct {

 type badgerWriter struct {
 	badgerTxn
+	discarded bool
 }

 type badgerIterator struct {
@ -48,6 +51,7 @@ type badgerIterator struct {
 	start, end []byte
 	iter       *badger.Iterator
 	lastErr    error
+	// Whether iterator has been advanced to the first element (is fully initialized)
 	primed bool
 }

@ -168,9 +172,9 @@ func (b *BadgerDB) ReaderAt(version uint64) (dbm.DBReader, error) {
 func (b *BadgerDB) ReadWriter() dbm.DBReadWriter {
 	atomic.AddInt32(&b.openWriters, 1)
 	b.mtx.RLock()
-	ts := b.vmgr.lastCommitTs()
+	ts := b.vmgr.lastTs
 	b.mtx.RUnlock()
-	return &badgerWriter{badgerTxn{txn: b.db.NewTransactionAt(ts, true), db: b}}
+	return &badgerWriter{badgerTxn{txn: b.db.NewTransactionAt(ts, true), db: b}, false}
 }

 func (b *BadgerDB) Writer() dbm.DBWriter {
@ -261,11 +265,8 @@ func (tx *badgerTxn) Has(key []byte) (bool, error) {
 }

 func (tx *badgerWriter) Set(key, value []byte) error {
-	if len(key) == 0 {
-		return dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
-	}
-	if value == nil {
-		return dbm.ErrValueNil
+	if err := dbutil.ValidateKv(key, value); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	return tx.txn.Set(key, value)
 }
@ -277,20 +278,31 @@ func (tx *badgerWriter) Delete(key []byte) error {
 	return tx.txn.Delete(key)
 }

-func (tx *badgerWriter) Commit() error {
+func (tx *badgerWriter) Commit() (err error) {
+	if tx.discarded {
+		return errors.New("transaction has been discarded")
+	}
+	defer func() { err = dbutil.CombineErrors(err, tx.Discard(), "Discard also failed") }()
 	// Commit to the current commit TS, after ensuring it is > ReadTs
+	tx.db.mtx.RLock()
 	tx.db.vmgr.updateCommitTs(tx.txn.ReadTs())
-	defer tx.Discard()
-	return tx.txn.CommitAt(tx.db.vmgr.lastCommitTs(), nil)
+	ts := tx.db.vmgr.lastTs
+	tx.db.mtx.RUnlock()
+	err = tx.txn.CommitAt(ts, nil)
+	return
 }

-func (tx *badgerTxn) Discard() {
+func (tx *badgerTxn) Discard() error {
 	tx.txn.Discard()
+	return nil
 }

-func (tx *badgerWriter) Discard() {
+func (tx *badgerWriter) Discard() error {
+	if !tx.discarded {
 		defer atomic.AddInt32(&tx.db.openWriters, -1)
-	tx.badgerTxn.Discard()
+		tx.discarded = true
+	}
+	return tx.badgerTxn.Discard()
 }

 func (tx *badgerTxn) iteratorOpts(start, end []byte, opts badger.IteratorOptions) (*badgerIterator, error) {
@ -393,9 +405,11 @@ func (vm *versionManager) Copy() *versionManager {
 	}
 }

-// updateCommitTs atomically increments the lastTs if equal to readts.
+// updateCommitTs increments the lastTs if equal to readts.
 func (vm *versionManager) updateCommitTs(readts uint64) {
-	atomic.CompareAndSwapUint64(&vm.lastTs, readts, readts+1)
+	if vm.lastTs == readts {
+		vm.lastTs += 1
+	}
 }
 func (vm *versionManager) Save(target uint64) (uint64, error) {
 	id, err := vm.VersionManager.Save(target)
--- a/db/dbtest/testcases.go
+++ b/db/dbtest/testcases.go
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func DoTestGetSetHasDelete(t *testing.T, load Loader) {
 	err = txn.Set([]byte("b"), []byte{0x02})
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	view.Discard()
+	require.NoError(t, view.Discard())
 	require.NoError(t, txn.Commit())

 	txn = db.ReadWriter()
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ func DoTestIterators(t *testing.T, load Loader) {
 		for ; iter.Next(); i++ {
 			expectedValue := expected[i]
 			value := iter.Value()
-			require.EqualValues(t, expectedValue, string(value), "i=%v", i)
+			require.Equal(t, expectedValue, string(value), "i=%v", i)
 		}
 		require.Equal(t, len(expected), i)
 	}
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ func DoTestIterators(t *testing.T, load Loader) {
 		it.Close()
 	}

-	view.Discard()
+	require.NoError(t, view.Discard())
 	require.NoError(t, db.Close())
 }

@ -246,6 +246,7 @@ func DoTestVersioning(t *testing.T, load Loader) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	has, err := view.Has([]byte("2"))
 	require.False(t, has)
+	require.NoError(t, view.Discard())

 	view, err = db.ReaderAt(v2)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@ -258,13 +259,12 @@ func DoTestVersioning(t *testing.T, load Loader) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	has, err = view.Has([]byte("1"))
 	require.False(t, has)
+	require.NoError(t, view.Discard())

-	// Try to read an invalid version
 	view, err = db.ReaderAt(versions.Last() + 1)
-	require.Equal(t, dbm.ErrVersionDoesNotExist, err)
+	require.Equal(t, dbm.ErrVersionDoesNotExist, err, "should fail to read a nonexistent version")

-	require.NoError(t, db.DeleteVersion(v2))
-	// Try to read a deleted version
+	require.NoError(t, db.DeleteVersion(v2), "should delete version v2")
 	view, err = db.ReaderAt(v2)
 	require.Equal(t, dbm.ErrVersionDoesNotExist, err)

@ -283,6 +283,14 @@ func DoTestVersioning(t *testing.T, load Loader) {
 		prev = ver
 	}

+	// Open multiple readers for the same past version
+	view, err = db.ReaderAt(v3)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	view2, err := db.ReaderAt(v3)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, view.Discard())
+	require.NoError(t, view2.Discard())
+
 	require.NoError(t, db.Close())
 }

@ -300,23 +308,37 @@ func DoTestTransactions(t *testing.T, load Loader, multipleWriters bool) {
 		t.Run("no commit", func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Helper()
 			view := db.Reader()
-			defer view.Discard()
 			tx := getWriter()
-			defer tx.Discard()
 			require.NoError(t, tx.Set([]byte("0"), []byte("a")))
 			v, err := view.Get([]byte("0"))
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			require.Nil(t, v)
+			require.NoError(t, view.Discard())
+			require.NoError(t, tx.Discard())
 		})

 		// Try to commit version with open txns
-		t.Run("open transactions", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run("cannot save with open transactions", func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Helper()
 			tx := getWriter()
-			tx.Set([]byte("2"), []byte("a"))
+			require.NoError(t, tx.Set([]byte("0"), []byte("a")))
 			_, err := db.SaveNextVersion()
 			require.Equal(t, dbm.ErrOpenTransactions, err)
-			tx.Discard()
+			require.NoError(t, tx.Discard())
+		})
+
+		// Try to use a transaction after closing
+		t.Run("cannot reuse transaction", func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Helper()
+			tx := getWriter()
+			require.NoError(t, tx.Commit())
+			require.Error(t, tx.Set([]byte("0"), []byte("a")))
+			require.NoError(t, tx.Discard()) // redundant discard is fine
+
+			tx = getWriter()
+			require.NoError(t, tx.Discard())
+			require.Error(t, tx.Set([]byte("0"), []byte("a")))
+			require.NoError(t, tx.Discard())
 		})

 		// Continue only if the backend supports multiple concurrent writers
@ -353,13 +375,129 @@ func DoTestTransactions(t *testing.T, load Loader, multipleWriters bool) {
 			}
 			wg.Wait()
 			view := db.Reader()
-			defer view.Discard()
 			v, err := view.Get(ikey(0))
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			require.Equal(t, ival(0), v)
+			require.NoError(t, view.Discard())
 		})
-
 	}
+	// Try to reuse a reader txn
+	view := db.Reader()
+	require.NoError(t, view.Discard())
+	_, err := view.Get([]byte("0"))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, view.Discard()) // redundant discard is fine
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.Close())
+}
+
+// Test that Revert works as intended, optionally closing and
+// reloading the DB both before and after reverting
+func DoTestRevert(t *testing.T, load Loader, reload bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dirname := t.TempDir()
+	db := load(t, dirname)
+	var txn dbm.DBWriter
+
+	txn = db.Writer()
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte{2}, []byte{2}))
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Commit())
+
+	txn = db.Writer()
+	for i := byte(6); i < 10; i++ {
+		require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte{i}, []byte{i}))
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Delete([]byte{2}))
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Delete([]byte{3}))
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Commit())
+
+	require.Error(t, db.Revert()) // can't revert with no versions
+
+	_, err := db.SaveNextVersion()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// get snapshot of db state
+	state := map[string][]byte{}
+	view := db.Reader()
+	it, err := view.Iterator(nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for it.Next() {
+		state[string(it.Key())] = it.Value()
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, it.Close())
+	view.Discard()
+
+	checkContents := func() {
+		view = db.Reader()
+		count := 0
+		it, err = view.Iterator(nil, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		for it.Next() {
+			val, has := state[string(it.Key())]
+			require.True(t, has, "key should not be present: %v => %v", it.Key(), it.Value())
+			require.Equal(t, val, it.Value())
+			count++
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, it.Close())
+		require.Equal(t, len(state), count)
+		view.Discard()
+	}
+
+	changeContents := func() {
+		txn = db.Writer()
+		require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte{3}, []byte{15}))
+		require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte{7}, []byte{70}))
+		require.NoError(t, txn.Delete([]byte{8}))
+		require.NoError(t, txn.Delete([]byte{9}))
+		require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte{10}, []byte{0}))
+		require.NoError(t, txn.Commit())
+
+		txn = db.Writer()
+		require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte{3}, []byte{30}))
+		require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte{8}, []byte{8}))
+		require.NoError(t, txn.Delete([]byte{9}))
+		require.NoError(t, txn.Commit())
+	}
+
+	changeContents()
+
+	if reload {
+		db.Close()
+		db = load(t, dirname)
+	}
+
+	txn = db.Writer()
+	require.Error(t, db.Revert()) // can't revert with open writers
+	txn.Discard()
+	require.NoError(t, db.Revert())
+
+	if reload {
+		db.Close()
+		db = load(t, dirname)
+	}
+
+	checkContents()
+
+	// With intermediate versions added & deleted, revert again to v1
+	changeContents()
+	v2, _ := db.SaveNextVersion()
+
+	txn = db.Writer()
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Delete([]byte{6}))
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte{8}, []byte{9}))
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte{11}, []byte{11}))
+	txn.Commit()
+	v3, _ := db.SaveNextVersion()
+
+	txn = db.Writer()
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte{12}, []byte{12}))
+	txn.Commit()
+
+	db.DeleteVersion(v2)
+	db.DeleteVersion(v3)
+	db.Revert()
+	checkContents()
+
 	require.NoError(t, db.Close())
 }

@ -389,9 +527,12 @@ func DoTestReloadDB(t *testing.T, load Loader) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	txn = db.Writer()
-	require.NoError(t, txn.Set(ikey(100), ival(100)))
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte("working-version"), ival(100)))
 	require.NoError(t, txn.Commit())

+	txn = db.Writer()
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte("uncommitted"), ival(200)))
+
 	// Reload and check each saved version
 	db.Close()
 	db = load(t, dirname)
@ -401,19 +542,13 @@ func DoTestReloadDB(t *testing.T, load Loader) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, last, vset.Last())

-	txn = db.Writer()
-	for i := 10; i < 15; i++ {
-		require.NoError(t, txn.Set(ikey(i), ival(i+10)))
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, txn.Commit())
-
 	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
 		view, err := db.ReaderAt(firstVersions[i])
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		val, err := view.Get(ikey(i))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Equal(t, ival(i), val)
-		view.Discard()
+		require.NoError(t, view.Discard())
 	}

 	view, err := db.ReaderAt(last)
@ -427,14 +562,18 @@ func DoTestReloadDB(t *testing.T, load Loader) {
 			require.Equal(t, ival(i), v)
 		}
 	}
-	view.Discard()
+	require.NoError(t, view.Discard())

 	// Load working version
 	view = db.Reader()
-	val, err := view.Get(ikey(100))
+	val, err := view.Get([]byte("working-version"))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, ival(100), val)
-	view.Discard()

+	val, err = view.Get([]byte("uncommitted"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, val)
+
+	require.NoError(t, view.Discard())
 	require.NoError(t, db.Close())
 }
--- a/db/go.mod
+++ b/db/go.mod
@ -6,10 +6,30 @@ require (
 	github.com/dgraph-io/badger/v3 v3.2103.1
 	github.com/google/btree v1.0.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0
+	github.com/tecbot/gorocksdb v0.0.0-20191217155057-f0fad39f321c
 )

 require (
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/glog v0.0.0-20160126235308-23def4e6c14b // indirect
+	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20190702054246-869f871628b6 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/google/flatbuffers v1.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.12.3 // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	go.opencensus.io v0.22.5 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210124154548-22da62e12c0c // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c // indirect
 )
+
+// FIXME: gorocksdb bindings for OptimisticTransactionDB are not merged upstream, so we use a fork
+// See https://github.com/tecbot/gorocksdb/pull/216
+replace github.com/tecbot/gorocksdb => github.com/roysc/gorocksdb v1.1.0
--- a/db/go.sum
+++ b/db/go.sum
@ -23,6 +23,12 @@ github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20190423205320-6a90982ecee2 h1:tdlZCpZ/P9DhczC
 github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20190423205320-6a90982ecee2/go.mod h1:SqUrOPUnsFjfmXRMNPybcSiG0BgUW2AuFH8PAnS2iTw=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0 h1:VSnTsYCnlFHaM2/igO1h6X3HA71jcobQuxemgkq4zYo=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0/go.mod h1:HtrtbFcZ19U5GC7JDqmcUSB87Iq5E25KnS6fMYU6eOk=
+github.com/facebookgo/ensure v0.0.0-20200202191622-63f1cf65ac4c h1:8ISkoahWXwZR41ois5lSJBSVw4D0OV19Ht/JSTzvSv0=
+github.com/facebookgo/ensure v0.0.0-20200202191622-63f1cf65ac4c/go.mod h1:Yg+htXGokKKdzcwhuNDwVvN+uBxDGXJ7G/VN1d8fa64=
+github.com/facebookgo/stack v0.0.0-20160209184415-751773369052 h1:JWuenKqqX8nojtoVVWjGfOF9635RETekkoH6Cc9SX0A=
+github.com/facebookgo/stack v0.0.0-20160209184415-751773369052/go.mod h1:UbMTZqLaRiH3MsBH8va0n7s1pQYcu3uTb8G4tygF4Zg=
+github.com/facebookgo/subset v0.0.0-20200203212716-c811ad88dec4 h1:7HZCaLC5+BZpmbhCOZJ293Lz68O7PYrF2EzeiFMwCLk=
+github.com/facebookgo/subset v0.0.0-20200203212716-c811ad88dec4/go.mod h1:5tD+neXqOorC30/tWg0LCSkrqj/AR6gu8yY8/fpw1q0=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.7/go.mod h1:jwhsz4b93w/PPRr/qN1Yymfu8t87LnFCMoQvtojpjFo=
 github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 h1:Ov1cvc58UF3b5XjBnZv7+opcTcQFZebYjWzi34vdm4Q=
 github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2/go.mod h1:P1XiOD3dCwIKUDQYPy72D8LYyHL2YPYrpS2s69NZV8Q=
@ -61,6 +67,8 @@ github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
+github.com/roysc/gorocksdb v1.1.0 h1:+bPfxli0I3UhzJpghp/L8Y9oGR6SoDj4dFV5lPPHUvs=
+github.com/roysc/gorocksdb v1.1.0/go.mod h1:b/U29r/CtguX3TF7mKG1Jjn4APDqh4wECshxXdiWHpA=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday v1.5.2/go.mod h1:JO/DiYxRf+HjHt06OyowR9PTA263kcR/rfWxYHBV53g=
 github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v0.0.0-20180118202830-f09979ecbc72/go.mod h1:JwIasOWyU6f++ZhiEuf87xNszmSA2myDM2Kzu9HwQUA=
 github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 h1:7c1g84S4BPRrfL5Xrdp6fOJ206sU9y293DDHaoy0bLI=
--- a/db/internal/util.go
+++ b/db/internal/util.go
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package util
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db"
+)
+
+func ValidateKv(key, value []byte) error {
+	if len(key) == 0 {
+		return dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
+	}
+	if value == nil {
+		return dbm.ErrValueNil
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func CombineErrors(ret error, also error, desc string) error {
+	if also != nil {
+		if ret != nil {
+			ret = fmt.Errorf("%w; %v: %v", ret, desc, also)
+		} else {
+			ret = also
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}
--- a/db/memdb/db.go
+++ b/db/memdb/db.go
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"

 	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db"
+	dbutil "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db/internal"
 	"github.com/google/btree"
 )

@ -160,6 +161,9 @@ func (db *MemDB) DeleteVersion(target uint64) error {

 // Get implements DBReader.
 func (tx *dbTxn) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if tx.btree == nil {
+		return nil, dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
 	if len(key) == 0 {
 		return nil, dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
 	}
@ -172,6 +176,9 @@ func (tx *dbTxn) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) {

 // Has implements DBReader.
 func (tx *dbTxn) Has(key []byte) (bool, error) {
+	if tx.btree == nil {
+		return false, dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
 	if len(key) == 0 {
 		return false, dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
 	}
@ -180,11 +187,11 @@ func (tx *dbTxn) Has(key []byte) (bool, error) {

 // Set implements DBWriter.
 func (tx *dbWriter) Set(key []byte, value []byte) error {
-	if len(key) == 0 {
-		return dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
+	if tx.btree == nil {
+		return dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
 	}
-	if value == nil {
-		return dbm.ErrValueNil
+	if err := dbutil.ValidateKv(key, value); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	tx.btree.ReplaceOrInsert(newPair(key, value))
 	return nil
@ -192,6 +199,9 @@ func (tx *dbWriter) Set(key []byte, value []byte) error {

 // Delete implements DBWriter.
 func (tx *dbWriter) Delete(key []byte) error {
+	if tx.btree == nil {
+		return dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
 	if len(key) == 0 {
 		return dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
 	}
@ -202,6 +212,9 @@ func (tx *dbWriter) Delete(key []byte) error {
 // Iterator implements DBReader.
 // Takes out a read-lock on the database until the iterator is closed.
 func (tx *dbTxn) Iterator(start, end []byte) (dbm.Iterator, error) {
+	if tx.btree == nil {
+		return nil, dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
 	if (start != nil && len(start) == 0) || (end != nil && len(end) == 0) {
 		return nil, dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
 	}
@ -211,6 +224,9 @@ func (tx *dbTxn) Iterator(start, end []byte) (dbm.Iterator, error) {
 // ReverseIterator implements DBReader.
 // Takes out a read-lock on the database until the iterator is closed.
 func (tx *dbTxn) ReverseIterator(start, end []byte) (dbm.Iterator, error) {
+	if tx.btree == nil {
+		return nil, dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
 	if (start != nil && len(start) == 0) || (end != nil && len(end) == 0) {
 		return nil, dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
 	}
@ -219,17 +235,29 @@ func (tx *dbTxn) ReverseIterator(start, end []byte) (dbm.Iterator, error) {

 // Commit implements DBWriter.
 func (tx *dbWriter) Commit() error {
+	if tx.btree == nil {
+		return dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
 	tx.db.mtx.Lock()
 	defer tx.db.mtx.Unlock()
-	defer tx.Discard()
 	tx.db.btree = tx.btree
+	return tx.Discard()
+}
+
+// Discard implements DBReader.
+func (tx *dbTxn) Discard() error {
+	if tx.btree != nil {
+		tx.btree = nil
+	}
 	return nil
 }

-// Discard implements DBReader and DBWriter.
-func (tx *dbTxn) Discard() {}
-func (tx *dbWriter) Discard() {
-	atomic.AddInt32(&tx.db.openWriters, -1)
+// Discard implements DBWriter.
+func (tx *dbWriter) Discard() error {
+	if tx.btree != nil {
+		defer atomic.AddInt32(&tx.db.openWriters, -1)
+	}
+	return tx.dbTxn.Discard()
 }

 // Print prints the database contents.
--- a/db/rocksdb/batch.go
+++ b/db/rocksdb/batch.go
@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package rocksdb
+
+import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db"
+	dbutil "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db/internal"
+	"github.com/tecbot/gorocksdb"
+)
+
+type rocksDBBatch struct {
+	batch *gorocksdb.WriteBatch
+	mgr   *dbManager
+}
+
+var _ dbm.DBWriter = (*rocksDBBatch)(nil)
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) newRocksDBBatch() *rocksDBBatch {
+	return &rocksDBBatch{
+		batch: gorocksdb.NewWriteBatch(),
+		mgr:   mgr,
+	}
+}
+
+// Set implements DBWriter.
+func (b *rocksDBBatch) Set(key, value []byte) error {
+	if err := dbutil.ValidateKv(key, value); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if b.batch == nil {
+		return dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
+	b.batch.Put(key, value)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Delete implements DBWriter.
+func (b *rocksDBBatch) Delete(key []byte) error {
+	if len(key) == 0 {
+		return dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
+	}
+	if b.batch == nil {
+		return dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
+	b.batch.Delete(key)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Write implements DBWriter.
+func (b *rocksDBBatch) Commit() (err error) {
+	if b.batch == nil {
+		return dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
+	defer func() { err = dbutil.CombineErrors(err, b.Discard(), "Discard also failed") }()
+	err = b.mgr.current.Write(b.mgr.opts.wo, b.batch)
+	return
+}
+
+// Close implements DBWriter.
+func (b *rocksDBBatch) Discard() error {
+	if b.batch != nil {
+		defer atomic.AddInt32(&b.mgr.openWriters, -1)
+		b.batch.Destroy()
+		b.batch = nil
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/db/rocksdb/db.go
+++ b/db/rocksdb/db.go
@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+package rocksdb
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db"
+	dbutil "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db/internal"
+	"github.com/tecbot/gorocksdb"
+)
+
+var (
+	currentDBFileName    string = "current.db"
+	checkpointFileFormat string = "%020d.db"
+)
+
+var (
+	_ dbm.DBConnection = (*RocksDB)(nil)
+	_ dbm.DBReader     = (*dbTxn)(nil)
+	_ dbm.DBWriter     = (*dbWriter)(nil)
+	_ dbm.DBReadWriter = (*dbWriter)(nil)
+)
+
+// RocksDB is a connection to a RocksDB key-value database.
+type RocksDB = dbManager
+
+type dbManager struct {
+	current *dbConnection
+	dir     string
+	opts    dbOptions
+	vmgr    *dbm.VersionManager
+	mtx     sync.RWMutex
+	// Track open DBWriters
+	openWriters int32
+	cpCache     checkpointCache
+}
+
+type dbConnection = gorocksdb.OptimisticTransactionDB
+
+type checkpointCache struct {
+	cache map[uint64]*cpCacheEntry
+	mtx   sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+type cpCacheEntry struct {
+	cxn       *dbConnection
+	openCount uint
+}
+
+type dbTxn struct {
+	txn     *gorocksdb.Transaction
+	mgr     *dbManager
+	version uint64
+}
+type dbWriter struct{ dbTxn }
+
+type dbOptions struct {
+	dbo *gorocksdb.Options
+	txo *gorocksdb.OptimisticTransactionOptions
+	ro  *gorocksdb.ReadOptions
+	wo  *gorocksdb.WriteOptions
+}
+
+// NewDB creates a new RocksDB key-value database with inside the given directory.
+// If dir does not exist, it will be created.
+func NewDB(dir string) (*dbManager, error) {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// default rocksdb option, good enough for most cases, including heavy workloads.
+	// 1GB table cache, 512MB write buffer(may use 50% more on heavy workloads).
+	// compression: snappy as default, need to -lsnappy to enable.
+	bbto := gorocksdb.NewDefaultBlockBasedTableOptions()
+	bbto.SetBlockCache(gorocksdb.NewLRUCache(1 << 30))
+	bbto.SetFilterPolicy(gorocksdb.NewBloomFilter(10))
+	dbo := gorocksdb.NewDefaultOptions()
+	dbo.SetBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto)
+	dbo.SetCreateIfMissing(true)
+	dbo.IncreaseParallelism(runtime.NumCPU())
+	// 1.5GB maximum memory use for writebuffer.
+	dbo.OptimizeLevelStyleCompaction(1<<30 + 512<<20)
+
+	opts := dbOptions{
+		dbo: dbo,
+		txo: gorocksdb.NewDefaultOptimisticTransactionOptions(),
+		ro:  gorocksdb.NewDefaultReadOptions(),
+		wo:  gorocksdb.NewDefaultWriteOptions(),
+	}
+	mgr := &dbManager{
+		dir:     dir,
+		opts:    opts,
+		cpCache: checkpointCache{cache: map[uint64]*cpCacheEntry{}},
+	}
+
+	err := os.MkdirAll(mgr.checkpointsDir(), 0755)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if mgr.vmgr, err = readVersions(mgr.checkpointsDir()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	dbPath := filepath.Join(dir, currentDBFileName)
+	// if the current db file is missing but there are checkpoints, restore it
+	if mgr.vmgr.Count() > 0 {
+		if _, err = os.Stat(dbPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			err = mgr.restoreFromCheckpoint(mgr.vmgr.Last(), dbPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	mgr.current, err = gorocksdb.OpenOptimisticTransactionDb(dbo, dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return mgr, nil
+}
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) checkpointsDir() string {
+	return filepath.Join(mgr.dir, "checkpoints")
+}
+
+// Reads directory for checkpoints files
+func readVersions(dir string) (*dbm.VersionManager, error) {
+	files, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var versions []uint64
+	for _, f := range files {
+		var version uint64
+		if _, err := fmt.Sscanf(f.Name(), checkpointFileFormat, &version); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		versions = append(versions, version)
+	}
+	return dbm.NewVersionManager(versions), nil
+}
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) checkpointPath(version uint64) (string, error) {
+	dbPath := filepath.Join(mgr.checkpointsDir(), fmt.Sprintf(checkpointFileFormat, version))
+	if stat, err := os.Stat(dbPath); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			err = dbm.ErrVersionDoesNotExist
+		}
+		return "", err
+	} else if !stat.IsDir() {
+		return "", dbm.ErrVersionDoesNotExist
+	}
+	return dbPath, nil
+}
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) openCheckpoint(version uint64) (*dbConnection, error) {
+	mgr.cpCache.mtx.Lock()
+	defer mgr.cpCache.mtx.Unlock()
+	cp, has := mgr.cpCache.cache[version]
+	if has {
+		cp.openCount += 1
+		return cp.cxn, nil
+	}
+	dbPath, err := mgr.checkpointPath(version)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	db, err := gorocksdb.OpenOptimisticTransactionDb(mgr.opts.dbo, dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	mgr.cpCache.cache[version] = &cpCacheEntry{cxn: db, openCount: 1}
+	return db, nil
+}
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) Reader() dbm.DBReader {
+	mgr.mtx.RLock()
+	defer mgr.mtx.RUnlock()
+	return &dbTxn{
+		// Note: oldTransaction could be passed here as a small optimization to
+		// avoid allocating a new object.
+		txn: mgr.current.TransactionBegin(mgr.opts.wo, mgr.opts.txo, nil),
+		mgr: mgr,
+	}
+}
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) ReaderAt(version uint64) (dbm.DBReader, error) {
+	mgr.mtx.RLock()
+	defer mgr.mtx.RUnlock()
+	db, err := mgr.openCheckpoint(version)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &dbTxn{
+		txn:     db.TransactionBegin(mgr.opts.wo, mgr.opts.txo, nil),
+		mgr:     mgr,
+		version: version,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) ReadWriter() dbm.DBReadWriter {
+	mgr.mtx.RLock()
+	defer mgr.mtx.RUnlock()
+	atomic.AddInt32(&mgr.openWriters, 1)
+	return &dbWriter{dbTxn{
+		txn: mgr.current.TransactionBegin(mgr.opts.wo, mgr.opts.txo, nil),
+		mgr: mgr,
+	}}
+}
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) Writer() dbm.DBWriter {
+	mgr.mtx.RLock()
+	defer mgr.mtx.RUnlock()
+	atomic.AddInt32(&mgr.openWriters, 1)
+	return mgr.newRocksDBBatch()
+}
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) Versions() (dbm.VersionSet, error) {
+	mgr.mtx.RLock()
+	defer mgr.mtx.RUnlock()
+	return mgr.vmgr, nil
+}
+
+// SaveNextVersion implements DBConnection.
+func (mgr *dbManager) SaveNextVersion() (uint64, error) {
+	return mgr.save(0)
+}
+
+// SaveVersion implements DBConnection.
+func (mgr *dbManager) SaveVersion(target uint64) error {
+	if target == 0 {
+		return dbm.ErrInvalidVersion
+	}
+	_, err := mgr.save(target)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) save(target uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	mgr.mtx.Lock()
+	defer mgr.mtx.Unlock()
+	if mgr.openWriters > 0 {
+		return 0, dbm.ErrOpenTransactions
+	}
+	newVmgr := mgr.vmgr.Copy()
+	target, err := newVmgr.Save(target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	cp, err := mgr.current.NewCheckpoint()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	dir := filepath.Join(mgr.checkpointsDir(), fmt.Sprintf(checkpointFileFormat, target))
+	if err := cp.CreateCheckpoint(dir, 0); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	cp.Destroy()
+	mgr.vmgr = newVmgr
+	return target, nil
+}
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) DeleteVersion(ver uint64) error {
+	if mgr.cpCache.has(ver) {
+		return dbm.ErrOpenTransactions
+	}
+	mgr.mtx.Lock()
+	defer mgr.mtx.Unlock()
+	dbPath, err := mgr.checkpointPath(ver)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	mgr.vmgr = mgr.vmgr.Copy()
+	mgr.vmgr.Delete(ver)
+	return os.RemoveAll(dbPath)
+}
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) Revert() (err error) {
+	mgr.mtx.RLock()
+	defer mgr.mtx.RUnlock()
+	if mgr.openWriters > 0 {
+		return dbm.ErrOpenTransactions
+	}
+	last := mgr.vmgr.Last()
+	if last == 0 {
+		return dbm.ErrInvalidVersion
+	}
+	// Close current connection and replace it with a checkpoint (created from the last checkpoint)
+	mgr.current.Close()
+	dbPath := filepath.Join(mgr.dir, currentDBFileName)
+	err = os.RemoveAll(dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	err = mgr.restoreFromCheckpoint(last, dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	mgr.current, err = gorocksdb.OpenOptimisticTransactionDb(mgr.opts.dbo, dbPath)
+	return
+}
+
+func (mgr *dbManager) restoreFromCheckpoint(version uint64, path string) error {
+	cxn, err := mgr.openCheckpoint(version)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer mgr.cpCache.decrement(version)
+	cp, err := cxn.NewCheckpoint()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = cp.CreateCheckpoint(path, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cp.Destroy()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Close implements DBConnection.
+func (mgr *dbManager) Close() error {
+	mgr.current.Close()
+	mgr.opts.destroy()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Stats implements DBConnection.
+func (mgr *dbManager) Stats() map[string]string {
+	keys := []string{"rocksdb.stats"}
+	stats := make(map[string]string, len(keys))
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		stats[key] = mgr.current.GetProperty(key)
+	}
+	return stats
+}
+
+// Get implements DBReader.
+func (tx *dbTxn) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if tx.txn == nil {
+		return nil, dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
+	if len(key) == 0 {
+		return nil, dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
+	}
+	res, err := tx.txn.Get(tx.mgr.opts.ro, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return moveSliceToBytes(res), nil
+}
+
+// Get implements DBReader.
+func (tx *dbWriter) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if tx.txn == nil {
+		return nil, dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
+	if len(key) == 0 {
+		return nil, dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
+	}
+	res, err := tx.txn.GetForUpdate(tx.mgr.opts.ro, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return moveSliceToBytes(res), nil
+}
+
+// Has implements DBReader.
+func (tx *dbTxn) Has(key []byte) (bool, error) {
+	bytes, err := tx.Get(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return bytes != nil, nil
+}
+
+// Set implements DBWriter.
+func (tx *dbWriter) Set(key []byte, value []byte) error {
+	if tx.txn == nil {
+		return dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
+	if err := dbutil.ValidateKv(key, value); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return tx.txn.Put(key, value)
+}
+
+// Delete implements DBWriter.
+func (tx *dbWriter) Delete(key []byte) error {
+	if tx.txn == nil {
+		return dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
+	if len(key) == 0 {
+		return dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
+	}
+	return tx.txn.Delete(key)
+}
+
+func (tx *dbWriter) Commit() (err error) {
+	if tx.txn == nil {
+		return dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
+	defer func() { err = dbutil.CombineErrors(err, tx.Discard(), "Discard also failed") }()
+	err = tx.txn.Commit()
+	return
+}
+
+func (tx *dbTxn) Discard() error {
+	if tx.txn == nil {
+		return nil // Discard() is idempotent
+	}
+	defer func() { tx.txn.Destroy(); tx.txn = nil }()
+	if tx.version == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !tx.mgr.cpCache.decrement(tx.version) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("transaction has no corresponding checkpoint cache entry: %v", tx.version)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (tx *dbWriter) Discard() error {
+	if tx.txn != nil {
+		defer atomic.AddInt32(&tx.mgr.openWriters, -1)
+	}
+	return tx.dbTxn.Discard()
+}
+
+// Iterator implements DBReader.
+func (tx *dbTxn) Iterator(start, end []byte) (dbm.Iterator, error) {
+	if tx.txn == nil {
+		return nil, dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
+	if (start != nil && len(start) == 0) || (end != nil && len(end) == 0) {
+		return nil, dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
+	}
+	itr := tx.txn.NewIterator(tx.mgr.opts.ro)
+	return newRocksDBIterator(itr, start, end, false), nil
+}
+
+// ReverseIterator implements DBReader.
+func (tx *dbTxn) ReverseIterator(start, end []byte) (dbm.Iterator, error) {
+	if tx.txn == nil {
+		return nil, dbm.ErrTransactionClosed
+	}
+	if (start != nil && len(start) == 0) || (end != nil && len(end) == 0) {
+		return nil, dbm.ErrKeyEmpty
+	}
+	itr := tx.txn.NewIterator(tx.mgr.opts.ro)
+	return newRocksDBIterator(itr, start, end, true), nil
+}
+
+func (o dbOptions) destroy() {
+	o.ro.Destroy()
+	o.wo.Destroy()
+	o.txo.Destroy()
+	o.dbo.Destroy()
+}
+
+func (cpc *checkpointCache) has(ver uint64) bool {
+	cpc.mtx.RLock()
+	defer cpc.mtx.RUnlock()
+	_, has := cpc.cache[ver]
+	return has
+}
+
+func (cpc *checkpointCache) decrement(ver uint64) bool {
+	cpc.mtx.Lock()
+	defer cpc.mtx.Unlock()
+	cp, has := cpc.cache[ver]
+	if !has {
+		return false
+	}
+	cp.openCount -= 1
+	if cp.openCount == 0 {
+		cp.cxn.Close()
+		delete(cpc.cache, ver)
+	}
+	return true
+}
--- a/db/rocksdb/db_test.go
+++ b/db/rocksdb/db_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package rocksdb
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db"
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db/dbtest"
+)
+
+func load(t *testing.T, dir string) dbm.DBConnection {
+	db, err := NewDB(dir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return db
+}
+
+func TestGetSetHasDelete(t *testing.T) {
+	dbtest.DoTestGetSetHasDelete(t, load)
+}
+
+func TestIterators(t *testing.T) {
+	dbtest.DoTestIterators(t, load)
+}
+
+func TestTransactions(t *testing.T) {
+	dbtest.DoTestTransactions(t, load, true)
+}
+
+func TestVersioning(t *testing.T) {
+	dbtest.DoTestVersioning(t, load)
+}
+
+func TestRevert(t *testing.T) {
+	dbtest.DoTestRevert(t, load, false)
+	dbtest.DoTestRevert(t, load, true)
+}
+
+func TestReloadDB(t *testing.T) {
+	dbtest.DoTestReloadDB(t, load)
+}
+
+// Test that the DB can be reloaded after a failed Revert
+func TestRevertRecovery(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	db, err := NewDB(dir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = db.SaveNextVersion()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	txn := db.Writer()
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte{1}, []byte{1}))
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Set([]byte{2}, []byte{2}))
+	require.NoError(t, txn.Commit())
+
+	// make checkpoints dir temporarily unreadable to trigger an error
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(db.checkpointsDir(), 0000))
+	require.Error(t, db.Revert())
+
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(db.checkpointsDir(), 0755))
+	db, err = NewDB(dir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
--- a/db/rocksdb/iterator.go
+++ b/db/rocksdb/iterator.go
@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+package rocksdb
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+
+	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db"
+	"github.com/tecbot/gorocksdb"
+)
+
+type rocksDBIterator struct {
+	source     *gorocksdb.Iterator
+	start, end []byte
+	isReverse  bool
+	isInvalid  bool
+	// Whether iterator has been advanced to the first element (is fully initialized)
+	primed bool
+}
+
+var _ dbm.Iterator = (*rocksDBIterator)(nil)
+
+func newRocksDBIterator(source *gorocksdb.Iterator, start, end []byte, isReverse bool) *rocksDBIterator {
+	if isReverse {
+		if end == nil {
+			source.SeekToLast()
+		} else {
+			source.Seek(end)
+			if source.Valid() {
+				eoakey := moveSliceToBytes(source.Key()) // end or after key
+				if bytes.Compare(end, eoakey) <= 0 {
+					source.Prev()
+				}
+			} else {
+				source.SeekToLast()
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		if start == nil {
+			source.SeekToFirst()
+		} else {
+			source.Seek(start)
+		}
+	}
+	return &rocksDBIterator{
+		source:    source,
+		start:     start,
+		end:       end,
+		isReverse: isReverse,
+		isInvalid: false,
+		primed:    false,
+	}
+}
+
+// Domain implements Iterator.
+func (itr *rocksDBIterator) Domain() ([]byte, []byte) {
+	return itr.start, itr.end
+}
+
+// Valid implements Iterator.
+func (itr *rocksDBIterator) Valid() bool {
+	if !itr.primed {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if itr.isInvalid {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if !itr.source.Valid() {
+		itr.isInvalid = true
+		return false
+	}
+
+	var (
+		start = itr.start
+		end   = itr.end
+		key   = moveSliceToBytes(itr.source.Key())
+	)
+	// If key is end or past it, invalid.
+	if itr.isReverse {
+		if start != nil && bytes.Compare(key, start) < 0 {
+			itr.isInvalid = true
+			return false
+		}
+	} else {
+		if end != nil && bytes.Compare(key, end) >= 0 {
+			itr.isInvalid = true
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// Key implements Iterator.
+func (itr *rocksDBIterator) Key() []byte {
+	itr.assertIsValid()
+	return moveSliceToBytes(itr.source.Key())
+}
+
+// Value implements Iterator.
+func (itr *rocksDBIterator) Value() []byte {
+	itr.assertIsValid()
+	return moveSliceToBytes(itr.source.Value())
+}
+
+// Next implements Iterator.
+func (itr *rocksDBIterator) Next() bool {
+	if !itr.primed {
+		itr.primed = true
+	} else {
+		if itr.isReverse {
+			itr.source.Prev()
+		} else {
+			itr.source.Next()
+		}
+	}
+	return itr.Valid()
+}
+
+// Error implements Iterator.
+func (itr *rocksDBIterator) Error() error {
+	return itr.source.Err()
+}
+
+// Close implements Iterator.
+func (itr *rocksDBIterator) Close() error {
+	itr.source.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (itr *rocksDBIterator) assertIsValid() {
+	if !itr.Valid() {
+		panic("iterator is invalid")
+	}
+}
+
+// moveSliceToBytes will free the slice and copy out a go []byte
+// This function can be applied on *Slice returned from Key() and Value()
+// of an Iterator, because they are marked as freed.
+func moveSliceToBytes(s *gorocksdb.Slice) []byte {
+	defer s.Free()
+	if !s.Exists() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	v := make([]byte, s.Size())
+	copy(v, s.Data())
+	return v
+}
--- a/db/types.go
+++ b/db/types.go
@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ package db
 import "errors"

 var (
-	// ErrBatchClosed is returned when a closed or written batch is used.
-	ErrBatchClosed = errors.New("batch has been written or closed")
+	// ErrTransactionClosed is returned when a closed or written transaction is used.
+	ErrTransactionClosed = errors.New("transaction has been written or closed")

 	// ErrKeyEmpty is returned when attempting to use an empty or nil key.
 	ErrKeyEmpty = errors.New("key cannot be empty")
@ -61,6 +61,11 @@ type DBConnection interface {
 	// Deletes a saved version. Returns ErrVersionDoesNotExist for invalid versions.
 	DeleteVersion(uint64) error

+	// Reverts the DB state to the last saved version.
+	// Returns an error if no saved versions exist.
+	// Returns an error if any open DBWriter transactions exist.
+	Revert() error
+
 	// Close closes the database connection.
 	Close() error
 }
@ -97,7 +102,7 @@ type DBReader interface {
 	ReverseIterator(start, end []byte) (Iterator, error)

 	// Discards the transaction, invalidating any future operations on it.
-	Discard()
+	Discard() error
 }

 // DBWriter is a write-only transaction interface.
@ -117,7 +122,7 @@ type DBWriter interface {
 	Commit() error

 	// Discards the transaction, invalidating any future operations on it.
-	Discard()
+	Discard() error
 }

 // DBReadWriter is a transaction interface that allows both reading and writing.
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/confio/ics23/go v0.6.6
 	github.com/cosmos/btcutil v1.0.4
 	github.com/cosmos/cosmos-proto v0.0.0-20210914142853-23ed61ac79ce
+	github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db v0.0.0-20210831080937-2c31451a55b5
 	github.com/cosmos/go-bip39 v1.0.0
 	github.com/cosmos/iavl v0.17.1
 	github.com/cosmos/ledger-cosmos-go v0.11.1
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@ -168,6 +168,8 @@ github.com/cosmos/btcutil v1.0.4 h1:n7C2ngKXo7UC9gNyMNLbzqz7Asuf+7Qv4gnX/rOdQ44=
 github.com/cosmos/btcutil v1.0.4/go.mod h1:Ffqc8Hn6TJUdDgHBwIZLtrLQC1KdJ9jGJl/TvgUaxbU=
 github.com/cosmos/cosmos-proto v0.0.0-20210914142853-23ed61ac79ce h1:nin7WtIMETZ8LezEYa5e9/iqyEgQka1x0cQYqgUeTGM=
 github.com/cosmos/cosmos-proto v0.0.0-20210914142853-23ed61ac79ce/go.mod h1:g2Q3cd94kOBVRAv7ahdtO27yUc4cpNuHGnI40qanl1k=
+github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db v0.0.0-20210831080937-2c31451a55b5 h1:GdtDczrd06rDuZ02iprBUfo0JkeauWHBQSDqoDYShf4=
+github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/db v0.0.0-20210831080937-2c31451a55b5/go.mod h1:eAiR2sIGn3oIrcDiEUIqmH8UvPdIvN67Ui0XeKuTDnI=
 github.com/cosmos/go-bip39 v0.0.0-20180819234021-555e2067c45d/go.mod h1:tSxLoYXyBmiFeKpvmq4dzayMdCjCnu8uqmCysIGBT2Y=
 github.com/cosmos/go-bip39 v1.0.0 h1:pcomnQdrdH22njcAatO0yWojsUnCO3y2tNoV1cb6hHY=
 github.com/cosmos/go-bip39 v1.0.0/go.mod h1:RNJv0H/pOIVgxw6KS7QeX2a0Uo0aKUlfhZ4xuwvCdJw=