Merge branch 'develop' into cwgoes/revert-governance-bft-time

PENDING.md

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ BREAKING CHANGES
     * [x/stake] [\#2040](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/2040) Validator operator type has now changed to `sdk.ValAddress`
       * A new bech32 prefix has been introduced for Tendermint signing keys and
         addresses, `cosmosconspub` and `cosmoscons` respectively.
+    * [x/gov] \#2195 Made governance use BFT Time instead of Block Heights for deposit and voting periods.
 
 * SDK
     * [core] [\#1807](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/1807) Switch from use of rational to decimal
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ FEATURES
   * [lcd] Endpoints to query staking pool and params
   * [lcd] [\#2110](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/2110) Add support for `simulate=true` requests query argument to endpoints that send txs to run simulations of transactions
   * [lcd] [\#966](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/966) Add support for `generate_only=true` query argument to generate offline unsigned transactions
+  * [lcd] [\#1953](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/1953) Add /sign endpoint to sign transactions generated with `generate_only=true`.
 
 * Gaia CLI  (`gaiacli`)
   * [cli] Cmds to query staking pool and params
@@ -56,7 +58,9 @@ FEATURES
   * [cli] [\#2047](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/2047) Setting the --gas flag value to 0 triggers a simulation of the tx before the actual execution. The gas estimate obtained via the simulation will be used as gas limit in the actual execution.
   * [cli] [\#2047](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/2047) The --gas-adjustment flag can be used to adjust the estimate obtained via the simulation triggered by --gas=0.
   * [cli] [\#2110](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/2110) Add --dry-run flag to perform a simulation of a transaction without broadcasting it. The --gas flag is ignored as gas would be automatically estimated.
-  * [cli] [\#966](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/966) Add --generate-only flag to build an unsigned transaction and write it to STDOUT.
+  * [cli] [\#2204](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/2204) Support generating and broadcasting messages with multiple signatures via command line:
+    * [\#966](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/966) Add --generate-only flag to build an unsigned transaction and write it to STDOUT.
+    * [\#1953](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/1953) New `sign` command to sign transactions generated with the --generate-only flag.
 
 * Gaia
   * [cli] #2170 added ability to show the node's address via `gaiad tendermint show-address`

client/input.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func BufferStdin() *bufio.Reader {
 // It enforces the password length
 func GetPassword(prompt string, buf *bufio.Reader) (pass string, err error) {
 	if inputIsTty() {
-		pass, err = speakeasy.Ask(prompt)
+		pass, err = speakeasy.FAsk(os.Stderr, prompt)
 	} else {
 		pass, err = readLineFromBuf(buf)
 	}

client/lcd/lcd_test.go

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
 	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/wire"
 	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth"
+	authrest "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/client/rest"
 	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/gov"
 	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/slashing"
 	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/stake"
@@ -313,12 +314,13 @@ func TestIBCTransfer(t *testing.T) {
 	// TODO: query ibc egress packet state
 }
 
-func TestCoinSendGenerateOnly(t *testing.T) {
+func TestCoinSendGenerateAndSign(t *testing.T) {
 	name, password := "test", "1234567890"
 	addr, seed := CreateAddr(t, "test", password, GetKeyBase(t))
 	cleanup, _, port := InitializeTestLCD(t, 1, []sdk.AccAddress{addr})
 	defer cleanup()
-	// create TX
+
+	// generate TX
 	res, body, _ := doSendWithGas(t, port, seed, name, password, addr, 0, 0, "?generate_only=true")
 	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, res.StatusCode, body)
 	var msg auth.StdTx
@@ -327,6 +329,30 @@ func TestCoinSendGenerateOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, msg.Msgs[0].Type(), "bank")
 	require.Equal(t, msg.Msgs[0].GetSigners(), []sdk.AccAddress{addr})
 	require.Equal(t, 0, len(msg.Signatures))
+
+	// sign tx
+	var signedMsg auth.StdTx
+	acc := getAccount(t, port, addr)
+	accnum := acc.GetAccountNumber()
+	sequence := acc.GetSequence()
+
+	payload := authrest.SignBody{
+		Tx:               msg,
+		LocalAccountName: name,
+		Password:         password,
+		ChainID:          viper.GetString(client.FlagChainID),
+		AccountNumber:    accnum,
+		Sequence:         sequence,
+	}
+	json, err := cdc.MarshalJSON(payload)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	res, body = Request(t, port, "POST", "/sign", json)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, res.StatusCode, body)
+	require.Nil(t, cdc.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(body), &signedMsg))
+	require.Equal(t, len(msg.Msgs), len(signedMsg.Msgs))
+	require.Equal(t, msg.Msgs[0].Type(), signedMsg.Msgs[0].Type())
+	require.Equal(t, msg.Msgs[0].GetSigners(), signedMsg.Msgs[0].GetSigners())
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(signedMsg.Signatures))
 }
 
 func TestTxs(t *testing.T) {

client/utils/utils.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package utils
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
@@ -99,6 +100,49 @@ func PrintUnsignedStdTx(txCtx authctx.TxContext, cliCtx context.CLIContext, msgs
 	return
 }
 
+// SignStdTx appends a signature to a StdTx and returns a copy of a it. If appendSig
+// is false, it replaces the signatures already attached with the new signature.
+func SignStdTx(txCtx authctx.TxContext, cliCtx context.CLIContext, name string, stdTx auth.StdTx, appendSig bool) (auth.StdTx, error) {
+	var signedStdTx auth.StdTx
+
+	keybase, err := keys.GetKeyBase()
+	if err != nil {
+		return signedStdTx, err
+	}
+	info, err := keybase.Get(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return signedStdTx, err
+	}
+	addr := info.GetPubKey().Address()
+
+	// Check whether the address is a signer
+	if !isTxSigner(sdk.AccAddress(addr), stdTx.GetSigners()) {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WARNING: The generated transaction's intended signer does not match the given signer: '%v'", name)
+	}
+
+	if txCtx.AccountNumber == 0 {
+		accNum, err := cliCtx.GetAccountNumber(addr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return signedStdTx, err
+		}
+		txCtx = txCtx.WithAccountNumber(accNum)
+	}
+
+	if txCtx.Sequence == 0 {
+		accSeq, err := cliCtx.GetAccountSequence(addr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return signedStdTx, err
+		}
+		txCtx = txCtx.WithSequence(accSeq)
+	}
+
+	passphrase, err := keys.GetPassphrase(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return signedStdTx, err
+	}
+	return txCtx.SignStdTx(name, passphrase, stdTx, appendSig)
+}
+
 func adjustGasEstimate(estimate int64, adjustment float64) int64 {
 	return int64(adjustment * float64(estimate))
 }
@@ -163,3 +207,12 @@ func buildUnsignedStdTx(txCtx authctx.TxContext, cliCtx context.CLIContext, msgs
 	}
 	return auth.NewStdTx(stdSignMsg.Msgs, stdSignMsg.Fee, nil, stdSignMsg.Memo), nil
 }
+
+func isTxSigner(user sdk.AccAddress, signers []sdk.AccAddress) bool {
+	for _, s := range signers {
+		if bytes.Equal(user.Bytes(), s.Bytes()) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

cmd/gaia/cli_test/cli_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package clitest
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ func TestGaiaCLISubmitProposal(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "  2 - Apples", proposalsQuery)
 }
 
-func TestGaiaCLISendGenerateOnly(t *testing.T) {
+func TestGaiaCLISendGenerateAndSign(t *testing.T) {
 	chainID, servAddr, port := initializeFixtures(t)
 	flags := fmt.Sprintf("--home=%s --node=%v --chain-id=%v", gaiacliHome, servAddr, chainID)
 
@@ -343,6 +344,7 @@ func TestGaiaCLISendGenerateOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	tests.WaitForTMStart(port)
 	tests.WaitForNextNBlocksTM(2, port)
 
+	fooAddr, _ := executeGetAddrPK(t, fmt.Sprintf("gaiacli keys show foo --output=json --home=%s", gaiacliHome))
 	barAddr, _ := executeGetAddrPK(t, fmt.Sprintf("gaiacli keys show bar --output=json --home=%s", gaiacliHome))
 
 	// Test generate sendTx with default gas
@@ -376,6 +378,35 @@ func TestGaiaCLISendGenerateOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, msg.Fee.Gas, int64(100))
 	require.Equal(t, len(msg.Msgs), 1)
 	require.Equal(t, 0, len(msg.GetSignatures()))
+
+	// Write the output to disk
+	unsignedTxFile := writeToNewTempFile(t, stdout)
+	defer os.Remove(unsignedTxFile.Name())
+
+	// Test sign --print-sigs
+	success, stdout, _ = executeWriteRetStdStreams(t, fmt.Sprintf(
+		"gaiacli sign %v --print-sigs %v", flags, unsignedTxFile.Name()))
+	require.True(t, success)
+	require.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("Signers:\n 0: %v\n\nSignatures:\n", fooAddr.String()), stdout)
+
+	// Test sign
+	success, stdout, _ = executeWriteRetStdStreams(t, fmt.Sprintf(
+		"gaiacli sign %v --name=foo %v", flags, unsignedTxFile.Name()), app.DefaultKeyPass)
+	require.True(t, success)
+	msg = unmarshalStdTx(t, stdout)
+	require.Equal(t, len(msg.Msgs), 1)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(msg.GetSignatures()))
+	require.Equal(t, fooAddr.String(), msg.GetSigners()[0].String())
+
+	// Write the output to disk
+	signedTxFile := writeToNewTempFile(t, stdout)
+	defer os.Remove(signedTxFile.Name())
+
+	// Test sign --print-signatures
+	success, stdout, _ = executeWriteRetStdStreams(t, fmt.Sprintf(
+		"gaiacli sign %v --print-sigs %v", flags, signedTxFile.Name()))
+	require.True(t, success)
+	require.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("Signers:\n 0: %v\n\nSignatures:\n 0: %v\n", fooAddr.String(), fooAddr.String()), stdout)
 }
 
 //___________________________________________________________________________________
@@ -408,6 +439,14 @@ func unmarshalStdTx(t *testing.T, s string) (stdTx auth.StdTx) {
 	return
 }
 
+func writeToNewTempFile(t *testing.T, s string) *os.File {
+	fp, err := ioutil.TempFile(os.TempDir(), "cosmos_cli_test_")
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	_, err = fp.WriteString(s)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	return fp
+}
+
 //___________________________________________________________________________________
 // executors
 

cmd/gaia/cmd/gaiacli/main.go

@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ func main() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(
 		client.GetCommands(
 			authcmd.GetAccountCmd("acc", cdc, authcmd.GetAccountDecoder(cdc)),
+			authcmd.GetSignCommand(cdc, authcmd.GetAccountDecoder(cdc)),
 		)...)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(
 		client.PostCommands(

docs/light/api.md

@@ -229,6 +229,75 @@ Returns on success:
 }
 ```
 
+### POST /auth/accounts/sign
+
+- **URL**: `/auth/sign`
+- **Functionality**: Sign a transaction without broadcasting it.
+- Returns on success:
+
+```json
+{
+    "rest api": "1.0",
+    "code": 200,
+    "error": "",
+    "result": {
+        "type": "auth/StdTx",
+        "value": {
+            "msg": [
+                {
+                    "type": "cosmos-sdk/Send",
+                    "value": {
+                        "inputs": [
+                            {
+                                "address": "cosmos1ql4ekxkujf3xllk8h5ldhhgh4ylpu7kwec6q3d",
+                                "coins": [
+                                    {
+                                        "denom": "steak",
+                                        "amount": "1"
+                                    }
+                                ]
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "outputs": [
+                            {
+                                "address": "cosmos1dhyqhg4px33ed3erqymls0hc7q2lxw9hhfwklj",
+                                "coins": [
+                                    {
+                                        "denom": "steak",
+                                        "amount": "1"
+                                    }
+                                ]
+                            }
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            ],
+            "fee": {
+                "amount": [
+                    {
+                        "denom": "",
+                        "amount": "0"
+                    }
+                ],
+                "gas": "2742"
+            },
+            "signatures": [
+                {
+                    "pub_key": {
+                        "type": "tendermint/PubKeySecp256k1",
+                        "value": "A2A/f2IYnrPUMTMqhwN81oas9jurtfcsvxdeLlNw3gGy"
+                    },
+                    "signature": "MEQCIGVn73y9QLwBa3vmsAD1bs3ygX75Wo+lAFSAUDs431ZPAiBWAf2amyqTCDXE9J87rL9QF9sd5JvVMt7goGSuamPJwg==",
+                    "account_number": "1",
+                    "sequence": "0"
+                }
+            ],
+            "memo": ""
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
 ## ICS20 - TokenAPI
 
 The TokenAPI exposes all functionality needed to query account balances and send transactions.

docs/sdk/clients.md

@@ -147,7 +147,16 @@ gaiacli send \
   --chain-id=<chain_id> \
   --name=<key_name> \
   --to=<destination_cosmosaccaddr> \
-  --generate-only
+  --generate-only > unsignedSendTx.json
+```
+
+You can now sign the transaction file generated through the `--generate-only` flag by providing your key to the following command:
+
+```bash
+gaiacli sign \
+  --chain-id=<chain_id> \
+  --name=<key_name>
+  unsignedSendTx.json > signedSendTx.json
 ```
 
 ### Staking

x/auth/client/cli/sign.go

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/viper"
+
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client"
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client/context"
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client/utils"
+	sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth"
+	authctx "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/client/context"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	amino "github.com/tendermint/go-amino"
+)
+
+const (
+	flagAppend    = "append"
+	flagPrintSigs = "print-sigs"
+)
+
+// GetSignCommand returns the sign command
+func GetSignCommand(codec *amino.Codec, decoder auth.AccountDecoder) *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "sign <file>",
+		Short: "Sign transactions",
+		Long: `Sign transactions created with the --generate-only flag.
+Read a transaction from <file>, sign it, and print its JSON encoding.`,
+		RunE: makeSignCmd(codec, decoder),
+		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().String(client.FlagName, "", "Name of private key with which to sign")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool(flagAppend, true, "Append the signature to the existing ones. If disabled, old signatures would be overwritten")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool(flagPrintSigs, false, "Print the addresses that must sign the transaction and those who have already signed it, then exit")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func makeSignCmd(cdc *amino.Codec, decoder auth.AccountDecoder) func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	return func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (err error) {
+		stdTx, err := readAndUnmarshalStdTx(cdc, args[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		if viper.GetBool(flagPrintSigs) {
+			printSignatures(stdTx)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		name := viper.GetString(client.FlagName)
+		cliCtx := context.NewCLIContext().WithCodec(cdc).WithAccountDecoder(decoder)
+		txCtx := authctx.NewTxContextFromCLI()
+
+		newTx, err := utils.SignStdTx(txCtx, cliCtx, name, stdTx, viper.GetBool(flagAppend))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		json, err := cdc.MarshalJSON(newTx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("%s\n", json)
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+func printSignatures(stdTx auth.StdTx) {
+	fmt.Println("Signers:")
+	for i, signer := range stdTx.GetSigners() {
+		fmt.Printf(" %v: %v\n", i, signer.String())
+	}
+	fmt.Println("")
+	fmt.Println("Signatures:")
+	for i, sig := range stdTx.GetSignatures() {
+		fmt.Printf(" %v: %v\n", i, sdk.AccAddress(sig.Address()).String())
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func readAndUnmarshalStdTx(cdc *amino.Codec, filename string) (stdTx auth.StdTx, err error) {
+	var bytes []byte
+	if bytes, err = ioutil.ReadFile(filename); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err = cdc.UnmarshalJSON(bytes, &stdTx); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return
+}

x/auth/client/context/context.go

@@ -117,24 +117,11 @@ func (ctx TxContext) Build(msgs []sdk.Msg) (auth.StdSignMsg, error) {
 // Sign signs a transaction given a name, passphrase, and a single message to
 // signed. An error is returned if signing fails.
 func (ctx TxContext) Sign(name, passphrase string, msg auth.StdSignMsg) ([]byte, error) {
-	keybase, err := keys.GetKeyBase()
+	sig, err := MakeSignature(name, passphrase, msg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
+	return ctx.Codec.MarshalBinary(auth.NewStdTx(msg.Msgs, msg.Fee, []auth.StdSignature{sig}, msg.Memo))
-	sig, pubkey, err := keybase.Sign(name, passphrase, msg.Bytes())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	sigs := []auth.StdSignature{{
-		AccountNumber: msg.AccountNumber,
-		Sequence:      msg.Sequence,
-		PubKey:        pubkey,
-		Signature:     sig,
-	}}
-
-	return ctx.Codec.MarshalBinary(auth.NewStdTx(msg.Msgs, msg.Fee, sigs, msg.Memo))
 }
 
 // BuildAndSign builds a single message to be signed, and signs a transaction
@@ -177,3 +164,46 @@ func (ctx TxContext) BuildWithPubKey(name string, msgs []sdk.Msg) ([]byte, error
 
 	return ctx.Codec.MarshalBinary(auth.NewStdTx(msg.Msgs, msg.Fee, sigs, msg.Memo))
 }
+
+// SignStdTx appends a signature to a StdTx and returns a copy of a it. If append
+// is false, it replaces the signatures already attached with the new signature.
+func (ctx TxContext) SignStdTx(name, passphrase string, stdTx auth.StdTx, appendSig bool) (signedStdTx auth.StdTx, err error) {
+	stdSignature, err := MakeSignature(name, passphrase, auth.StdSignMsg{
+		ChainID:       ctx.ChainID,
+		AccountNumber: ctx.AccountNumber,
+		Sequence:      ctx.Sequence,
+		Fee:           stdTx.Fee,
+		Msgs:          stdTx.GetMsgs(),
+		Memo:          stdTx.GetMemo(),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	sigs := stdTx.GetSignatures()
+	if len(sigs) == 0 || !appendSig {
+		sigs = []auth.StdSignature{stdSignature}
+	} else {
+		sigs = append(sigs, stdSignature)
+	}
+	signedStdTx = auth.NewStdTx(stdTx.GetMsgs(), stdTx.Fee, sigs, stdTx.GetMemo())
+	return
+}
+
+// MakeSignature builds a StdSignature given key name, passphrase, and a StdSignMsg.
+func MakeSignature(name, passphrase string, msg auth.StdSignMsg) (sig auth.StdSignature, err error) {
+	keybase, err := keys.GetKeyBase()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	sigBytes, pubkey, err := keybase.Sign(name, passphrase, msg.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return auth.StdSignature{
+		AccountNumber: msg.AccountNumber,
+		Sequence:      msg.Sequence,
+		PubKey:        pubkey,
+		Signature:     sigBytes,
+	}, nil
+}

x/auth/client/rest/query.go

@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ func RegisterRoutes(cliCtx context.CLIContext, r *mux.Router, cdc *wire.Codec, s
 		"/accounts/{address}",
 		QueryAccountRequestHandlerFn(storeName, cdc, authcmd.GetAccountDecoder(cdc), cliCtx),
 	).Methods("GET")
+	r.HandleFunc(
+		"/sign",
+		SignTxRequestHandlerFn(cdc, cliCtx),
+	).Methods("POST")
 }
 
 // query accountREST Handler

x/auth/client/rest/sign.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package rest
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client/context"
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client/utils"
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/wire"
+	"github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth"
+	authctx "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/auth/client/context"
+)
+
+// SignBody defines the properties of a sign request's body.
+type SignBody struct {
+	Tx               auth.StdTx `json:"tx"`
+	LocalAccountName string     `json:"name"`
+	Password         string     `json:"password"`
+	ChainID          string     `json:"chain_id"`
+	AccountNumber    int64      `json:"account_number"`
+	Sequence         int64      `json:"sequence"`
+	AppendSig        bool       `json:"append_sig"`
+}
+
+// sign tx REST handler
+func SignTxRequestHandlerFn(cdc *wire.Codec, cliCtx context.CLIContext) http.HandlerFunc {
+
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		var m SignBody
+
+		body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.WriteErrorResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+		err = cdc.UnmarshalJSON(body, &m)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.WriteErrorResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+
+		txCtx := authctx.TxContext{
+			ChainID:       m.ChainID,
+			AccountNumber: m.AccountNumber,
+			Sequence:      m.Sequence,
+		}
+
+		signedTx, err := txCtx.SignStdTx(m.LocalAccountName, m.Password, m.Tx, m.AppendSig)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.WriteErrorResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+
+		output, err := wire.MarshalJSONIndent(cdc, signedTx)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.WriteErrorResponse(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+		w.Write(output)
+	}
+}