docs: Add docs for group module (#10800)

## Description

Closes: #9902 
Add docs for group module

---

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# Concepts
## Group
A group is simply an aggregation of accounts with associated weights. It is not
an account and doesn't have a balance. It doesn't in and of itself have any
sort of voting or decision weight. It does have an "administrator" which has
the ability to add, remove and update members in the group. Note that a
group account could be an administrator of a group.
## Group Account
A group account is an account associated with a group and a decision policy.
Group accounts are abstracted from groups because a single group may have
multiple decision policies for different types of actions. Managing group
membership separately from decision policies results in the least overhead
and keeps membership consistent across different policies. The pattern that
is recommended is to have a single master group account for a given group,
and then to create separate group accounts with different decision policies
and delegate the desired permissions from the master account to
those "sub-accounts" using the `x/authz` module.
## Decision Policy
A decision policy is the mechanism by which members of a group can vote on
proposals.
All decision policies generally would have a minimum and maximum voting window.
The minimum voting window is the minimum amount of time that must pass in order
for a proposal to potentially pass, and it may be set to 0. The maximum voting
window is the maximum time that a proposal may be voted on before it is closed.
Both of these values must be less than a chain-wide max voting window parameter.
### Threshold decision policy
A threshold decision policy defines a threshold of yes votes (based on a tally
of voter weights) that must be achieved in order for a proposal to pass. For
this decision policy, abstain and veto are simply treated as no's.
## Proposal
Any member of a group can submit a proposal for a group account to decide upon.
A proposal consists of a set of messages that will be executed if the proposal
passes as well as any metadata associated with the proposal.
## Voting
There are four choices to choose while voting - yes, no, abstain and veto. Not
all decision policies will support them. Votes can contain some optional metadata.
During the voting window, accounts that have already voted may change their vote.
In the current implementation, the voting window begins as soon as a proposal
is submitted.
## Executing Proposals
Proposals will not be automatically executed by the chain in this current design,
but rather a user must submit a `Msg/Exec` transaction to attempt to execute the
proposal based on the current votes and decision policy.
It's also possible to try to execute a proposal immediately on creation or on
new votes using the `Exec` field of `Msg/CreateProposal` and `Msg/Vote` requests.
In the former case, proposers signatures are considered as yes votes.
For now, if the proposal can't be executed, it'll still be opened for new votes and
could be executed later on.
### Changing Group Membership
In the current implementation, changing a group's membership (adding or removing members or changing their weight)
will cause all existing proposals for group accounts linked to this group
to be invalidated. They will simply fail if someone calls `Msg/Exec` and will
eventually be garbage collected.

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# State
The `group` module uses the `orm` package which provides table storage with support for
primary keys and secondary indexes. `orm` also defines `Sequence` which is a persistent unique key generator based on a counter that can be used along with `Table`s.
Here's the list of tables and associated sequences and indexes stored as part of the `group` module.
## Group Table
The `groupTable` stores `GroupInfo`: `0x0 | BigEndian(GroupId) -> ProtocolBuffer(GroupInfo)`.
### groupSeq
The value of `groupSeq` is incremented when creating a new group and corresponds to the new `GroupId`: `0x1 | 0x1 -> BigEndian`.
The second `0x1` corresponds to the ORM `sequenceStorageKey`.
### groupByAdminIndex
`groupByAdminIndex` allows to retrieve groups by admin address:
`0x2 | len([]byte(group.Admin)) | []byte(group.Admin) | BigEndian(GroupId) -> []byte()`.
## Group Member Table
The `groupMemberTable` stores `GroupMember`s: `0x10 | BigEndian(GroupId) | []byte(member.Address) -> ProtocolBuffer(GroupMember)`.
The `groupMemberTable` is a primary key table and its `PrimaryKey` is given by
`BigEndian(GroupId) | []byte(member.Address)` which is used by the following indexes.
### groupMemberByGroupIndex
`groupMemberByGroupIndex` allows to retrieve group members by group id:
`0x11 | BigEndian(GroupId) | PrimaryKey -> []byte()`.
### groupMemberByMemberIndex
`groupMemberByMemberIndex` allows to retrieve group members by member address:
`0x12 | len([]byte(member.Address)) | []byte(member.Address) | PrimaryKey -> []byte()`.
## Group Account Table
The `groupAccountTable` stores `GroupAccountInfo`: `0x20 | len([]byte(Address)) | []byte(Address) -> ProtocolBuffer(GroupAccountInfo)`.
The `groupAccountTable` is a primary key table and its `PrimaryKey` is given by
`len([]byte(Address)) | []byte(Address)` which is used by the following indexes.
### groupAccountSeq
The value of `groupAccountSeq` is incremented when creating a new group account and is used to generate the new group account `Address`:
`0x21 | 0x1 -> BigEndian`.
The second `0x1` corresponds to the ORM `sequenceStorageKey`.
### groupAccountByGroupIndex
`groupAccountByGroupIndex` allows to retrieve group accounts by group id:
`0x22 | BigEndian(GroupId) | PrimaryKey -> []byte()`.
### groupAccountByAdminIndex
`groupAccountByAdminIndex` allows to retrieve group accounts by admin address:
`0x23 | len([]byte(Address)) | []byte(Address) | PrimaryKey -> []byte()`.
## Proposal Table
The `proposalTable` stores `Proposal`s: `0x30 | BigEndian(ProposalId) -> ProtocolBuffer(Proposal)`.
### proposalSeq
The value of `proposalSeq` is incremented when creating a new proposal and corresponds to the new `ProposalId`: `0x31 | 0x1 -> BigEndian`.
The second `0x1` corresponds to the ORM `sequenceStorageKey`.
### proposalByGroupAccountIndex
`proposalByGroupAccountIndex` allows to retrieve proposals by group account address:
`0x32 | len([]byte(account.Address)) | []byte(account.Address) | BigEndian(ProposalId) -> []byte()`.
### proposalByProposerIndex
`proposalByProposerIndex` allows to retrieve proposals by proposer address:
`0x33 | len([]byte(proposer.Address)) | []byte(proposer.Address) | BigEndian(ProposalId) -> []byte()`.
## Vote Table
The `voteTable` stores `Vote`s: `0x40 | BigEndian(ProposalId) | []byte(voter.Address) -> ProtocolBuffer(Vote)`.
The `voteTable` is a primary key table and its `PrimaryKey` is given by
`BigEndian(ProposalId) | []byte(voter.Address)` which is used by the following indexes.
### voteByProposalIndex
`voteByProposalIndex` allows to retrieve votes by proposal id:
`0x41 | BigEndian(ProposalId) | PrimaryKey -> []byte()`.
### voteByVoterIndex
`voteByVoterIndex` allows to retrieve votes by voter address:
`0x42 | len([]byte(voter.Address)) | []byte(voter.Address) | PrimaryKey -> []byte()`.

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# Msg Service
## Msg/CreateGroup
A new group can be created with the `MsgCreateGroup`, which has an admin address, a list of members and some optional metadata bytes.
+++ https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/6f58963e7f6ce820e9b33f02f06f7b96f6d2e347/proto/cosmos/group/v1beta1/tx.proto#L54-L65
It's expecting to fail if metadata length is greater than some `MaxMetadataLength`.
## Msg/UpdateGroupMembers
Group members can be updated with the `UpdateGroupMembers`.
+++ https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/6f58963e7f6ce820e9b33f02f06f7b96f6d2e347/proto/cosmos/group/v1beta1/tx.proto#L74-L86
In the list of `MemberUpdates`, an existing member can be removed by setting its weight to 0.
It's expecting to fail if the signer is not the admin of the group.
## Msg/UpdateGroupAdmin
The `UpdateGroupAdmin` can be used to update a group admin.
+++ https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/6f58963e7f6ce820e9b33f02f06f7b96f6d2e347/proto/cosmos/group/v1beta1/tx.proto#L91-L102
It's expecting to fail if the signer is not the admin of the group.
## Msg/UpdateGroupMetadata
The `UpdateGroupMetadata` can be used to update a group metadata.
+++ https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/6f58963e7f6ce820e9b33f02f06f7b96f6d2e347/proto/cosmos/group/v1beta1/tx.proto#L107-L118
It's expecting to fail if:
- new metadata length is greater than some `MaxMetadataLength`.
- the signer is not the admin of the group.
## Msg/CreateGroupAccount
A new group account can be created with the `MsgCreateGroupAccount`, which has an admin address, a group id, a decision policy and some optional metadata bytes.
+++ https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/6f58963e7f6ce820e9b33f02f06f7b96f6d2e347/proto/cosmos/group/v1beta1/tx.proto#L121-L142
It's expecting to fail if metadata length is greater than some `MaxMetadataLength`.
## Msg/UpdateGroupAccountAdmin
The `UpdateGroupAccountAdmin` can be used to update a group account admin.
+++ https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/6f58963e7f6ce820e9b33f02f06f7b96f6d2e347/proto/cosmos/group/v1beta1/tx.proto#L151-L162
It's expecting to fail if the signer is not the admin of the group account.
## Msg/UpdateGroupAccountDecisionPolicy
The `UpdateGroupAccountDecisionPolicy` can be used to update a decision policy.
+++ https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/6f58963e7f6ce820e9b33f02f06f7b96f6d2e347/proto/cosmos/group/v1beta1/tx.proto#L167-L179
It's expecting to fail if the signer is not the admin of the group account.
## Msg/UpdateGroupAccountMetadata
The `UpdateGroupAccountMetadata` can be used to update a group account metadata.
+++ https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/6f58963e7f6ce820e9b33f02f06f7b96f6d2e347/proto/cosmos/group/v1beta1/tx.proto#L184-L195
It's expecting to fail if:
- new metadata length is greater than some `MaxMetadataLength`.
- the signer is not the admin of the group.
## Msg/CreateProposal
A new group account can be created with the `MsgCreateProposal`, which has a group account address, a list of proposers addresses, a list of messages to execute if the proposal is accepted and some optional metadata bytes.
An optional `Exec` value can be provided to try to execute the proposal immediately after proposal creation. Proposers signatures are considered as yes votes in this case.
+++ https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/6f58963e7f6ce820e9b33f02f06f7b96f6d2e347/proto/cosmos/group/v1beta1/tx.proto#L218-L239
It's expecting to fail if metadata length is greater than some `MaxMetadataLength`.
## Msg/Vote
A new vote can be created with the `MsgVote`, given a proposal id, a voter address, a choice (yes, no, veto or abstain) and some optional metadata bytes.
An optional `Exec` value can be provided to try to execute the proposal immediately after voting.
+++ https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/6f58963e7f6ce820e9b33f02f06f7b96f6d2e347/proto/cosmos/group/v1beta1/tx.proto#L248-L265
It's expecting to fail if metadata length is greater than some `MaxMetadataLength`.
## Msg/Exec
A proposal can be executed with the `MsgExec`.
+++ https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/6f58963e7f6ce820e9b33f02f06f7b96f6d2e347/proto/cosmos/group/v1beta1/tx.proto#L270-L278
The messages that are part of this proposal won't be executed if:
- the group has been modified before tally.
- the group account has been modified before tally.
- the proposal has not been accepted.
- the proposal status is not closed.
- the proposal has already been successfully executed.

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# Events
The group module emits the following events:
## EventCreateGroup
| Type | Attribute Key | Attribute Value |
|---------------------------------------|---------------|---------------------------------------|
| message | action | /cosmos.group.v1beta1.Msg/CreateGroup |
| cosmos.group.v1beta1.EventCreateGroup | group_id | {groupId} |
## EventUpdateGroup
| Type | Attribute Key | Attribute Value |
|---------------------------------------|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| message | action | /cosmos.group.v1beta1.Msg/UpdateGroup{Admin\|Metadata\|Members} |
| cosmos.group.v1beta1.EventUpdateGroup | group_id | {groupId} |
## EventCreateGroupAccount
| Type | Attribute Key | Attribute Value |
|----------------------------------------------|---------------|----------------------------------------------|
| message | action | /cosmos.group.v1beta1.Msg/CreateGroupAccount |
| cosmos.group.v1beta1.EventCreateGroupAccount | address | {groupAccountAddress} |
## EventUpdateGroupAccount
| Type | Attribute Key | Attribute Value |
|----------------------------------------------|---------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| message | action | /cosmos.group.v1beta1.Msg/UpdateGroupAccount{Admin\|Metadata\|DecisionPolicy} |
| cosmos.group.v1beta1.EventUpdateGroupAccount | address | {groupAccountAddress} |
## EventCreateProposal
| Type | Attribute Key | Attribute Value |
|------------------------------------------|---------------|------------------------------------------|
| message | action | /cosmos.group.v1beta1.Msg/CreateProposal |
| cosmos.group.v1beta1.EventCreateProposal | proposal_id | {proposalId} |
## EventVote
| Type | Attribute Key | Attribute Value |
|--------------------------------|---------------|--------------------------------|
| message | action | /cosmos.group.v1beta1.Msg/Vote |
| cosmos.group.v1beta1.EventVote | proposal_id | {proposalId} |
## EventExec
| Type | Attribute Key | Attribute Value |
|--------------------------------|---------------|--------------------------------|
| message | action | /cosmos.group.v1beta1.Msg/Exec |
| cosmos.group.v1beta1.EventExec | proposal_id | {proposalId} |

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parent:
title: "group"
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# Group Module
## Abstract
The following documents specify the group module.
This module allows the creation and management of on-chain multisig accounts and enables voting for message execution based on configurable decision policies.
## Contents
1. **[Concepts](01_concepts.md)**
- [Group](01_concepts.md#group)
- [Group Account](01_concepts.md#group-account)
- [Decision Policy](01_concepts.md#decision-policy)
- [Proposal](01_concepts.md#proposal)
- [Voting](01_concepts.md#voting)
- [Executing Proposals](01_concepts.md#executing-proposals)
2. **[State](02_state.md)**
- [Group Table](02_state.md#group-table)
- [Group Member Table](02_state.md#group-member-table)
- [Group Account Table](02_state.md#group-account-table)
- [Proposal](02_state.md#proposal-table)
- [Vote Table](02_state.md#vote-table)
3. **[Msg Service](03_messages.md)**
- [Msg/CreateGroup](03_messages.md#msgcreategroup)
- [Msg/UpdateGroupMembers](03_messages.md#msgupdategroupmembers)
- [Msg/UpdateGroupAdmin](03_messages.md#msgupdategroupadmin)
- [Msg/UpdateGroupMetadata](03_messages.md#msgupdategroupmetadata)
- [Msg/CreateGroupAccount](03_messages.md#msgcreategroupaccount)
- [Msg/UpdateGroupAccountAdmin](03_messages.md#msgupdategroupaccountadmin)
- [Msg/UpdateGroupAccountDecisionPolicy](03_messages.md#msgupdategroupaccountdecisionpolicy)
- [Msg/UpdateGroupAccountMetadata](03_messages.md#msgupdategroupaccountmetadata)
- [Msg/CreateProposal](03_messages.md#msgcreateproposal)
- [Msg/Vote](03_messages.md#msgvote)
- [Msg/Exec](03_messages.md#msgexec)
4. **[Events](04_events.md)**
- [EventCreateGroup](04_events.md#eventcreategroup)
- [EventUpdateGroup](04_events.md#eventupdategroup)
- [EventCreateGroupAccount](04_events.md#eventcreategroupaccount)
- [EventUpdateGroupAccount](04_events.md#eventupdategroupaccount)
- [EventCreateProposal](04_events.md#eventcreateproposal)
- [EventVote](04_events.md#eventvote)
- [EventExec](04_events.md#eventexec)
5. **[Client](05_client.md)**
- [CLI](05_client.md#cli)
- [gRPC](05_client.md#grpc)
- [REST](05_client.md#rest)