diff --git a/rpc/core_client/client.go b/rpc/core_client/client.go
index a5f0f514..3254aad2 100644
--- a/rpc/core_client/client.go
+++ b/rpc/core_client/client.go
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func argsToURLValues(argNames []string, args ...interface{}) (url.Values, error)
 
 /*rpc-gen:imports:
 github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary
-github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types
+rpctypes github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types
 net/http
 io/ioutil
 fmt
diff --git a/rpc/core_client/client_methods.go b/rpc/core_client/client_methods.go
index fe178fb0..e9593b18 100644
--- a/rpc/core_client/client_methods.go
+++ b/rpc/core_client/client_methods.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
 	ctypes "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/core/types"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types"
+	rpctypes "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
diff --git a/rpc/test/client_ws_test.go b/rpc/test/client_ws_test.go
index c61d08a7..a5d0880c 100644
--- a/rpc/test/client_ws_test.go
+++ b/rpc/test/client_ws_test.go
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
 )
 
+var wsTyp = "JSONRPC"
+
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Test the websocket service
 
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ func TestWSSend(t *testing.T) {
 	amt := uint64(100)
 
 	con := newWSCon(t)
-	eidInput := types.EventStringAccInput(userByteAddr)
+	eidInput := types.EventStringAccInput(user[0].Address)
 	eidOutput := types.EventStringAccOutput(toAddr)
 	subscribe(t, con, eidInput)
 	subscribe(t, con, eidOutput)
@@ -62,7 +64,8 @@ func TestWSSend(t *testing.T) {
 		con.Close()
 	}()
 	waitForEvent(t, con, eidInput, true, func() {
-		broadcastTx(t, "JSONRPC", userByteAddr, toAddr, nil, userBytePriv, amt, 0, 0)
+		tx := makeDefaultSendTxSigned(t, wsTyp, toAddr, amt)
+		broadcastTx(t, wsTyp, tx)
 	}, unmarshalValidateSend(amt, toAddr))
 	waitForEvent(t, con, eidOutput, true, func() {}, unmarshalValidateSend(amt, toAddr))
 }
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ func TestWSSend(t *testing.T) {
 // ensure events are only fired once for a given transaction
 func TestWSDoubleFire(t *testing.T) {
 	con := newWSCon(t)
-	eid := types.EventStringAccInput(userByteAddr)
+	eid := types.EventStringAccInput(user[0].Address)
 	subscribe(t, con, eid)
 	defer func() {
 		unsubscribe(t, con, eid)
@@ -80,7 +83,8 @@ func TestWSDoubleFire(t *testing.T) {
 	toAddr := []byte{20, 143, 25, 63, 16, 177, 83, 29, 91, 91, 54, 23, 233, 46, 190, 121, 122, 34, 86, 54}
 	// broadcast the transaction, wait to hear about it
 	waitForEvent(t, con, eid, true, func() {
-		broadcastTx(t, "JSONRPC", userByteAddr, toAddr, nil, userBytePriv, amt, 0, 0)
+		tx := makeDefaultSendTxSigned(t, wsTyp, toAddr, amt)
+		broadcastTx(t, wsTyp, tx)
 	}, func(eid string, b []byte) error {
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -94,18 +98,19 @@ func TestWSDoubleFire(t *testing.T) {
 // create a contract, wait for the event, and send it a msg, validate the return
 func TestWSCallWait(t *testing.T) {
 	con := newWSCon(t)
-	eid1 := types.EventStringAccInput(userByteAddr)
+	eid1 := types.EventStringAccInput(user[0].Address)
 	subscribe(t, con, eid1)
 	defer func() {
 		unsubscribe(t, con, eid1)
 		con.Close()
 	}()
-	amt := uint64(10000)
+	amt, gasLim, fee := uint64(10000), uint64(1000), uint64(1000)
 	code, returnCode, returnVal := simpleContract()
 	var contractAddr []byte
 	// wait for the contract to be created
 	waitForEvent(t, con, eid1, true, func() {
-		_, receipt := broadcastTx(t, "JSONRPC", userByteAddr, nil, code, userBytePriv, amt, 1000, 1000)
+		tx := makeDefaultCallTx(t, wsTyp, nil, code, amt, gasLim, fee)
+		receipt := broadcastTx(t, wsTyp, tx)
 		contractAddr = receipt.ContractAddr
 	}, unmarshalValidateCall(amt, returnCode))
 
@@ -117,9 +122,11 @@ func TestWSCallWait(t *testing.T) {
 		unsubscribe(t, con, eid2)
 	}()
 	// get the return value from a call
-	data := []byte{0x1} // just needs to be non empty for this to be a CallTx
+	data := []byte{0x1}
 	waitForEvent(t, con, eid2, true, func() {
-		broadcastTx(t, "JSONRPC", userByteAddr, contractAddr, data, userBytePriv, amt, 1000, 1000)
+		tx := makeDefaultCallTx(t, wsTyp, contractAddr, data, amt, gasLim, fee)
+		receipt := broadcastTx(t, wsTyp, tx)
+		contractAddr = receipt.ContractAddr
 	}, unmarshalValidateCall(amt, returnVal))
 }
 
@@ -127,10 +134,11 @@ func TestWSCallWait(t *testing.T) {
 // and validate return
 func TestWSCallNoWait(t *testing.T) {
 	con := newWSCon(t)
-	amt := uint64(10000)
+	amt, gasLim, fee := uint64(10000), uint64(1000), uint64(1000)
 	code, _, returnVal := simpleContract()
 
-	_, receipt := broadcastTx(t, "JSONRPC", userByteAddr, nil, code, userBytePriv, amt, 1000, 1000)
+	tx := makeDefaultCallTx(t, wsTyp, nil, code, amt, gasLim, fee)
+	receipt := broadcastTx(t, wsTyp, tx)
 	contractAddr := receipt.ContractAddr
 
 	// susbscribe to the new contract
@@ -142,24 +150,28 @@ func TestWSCallNoWait(t *testing.T) {
 		con.Close()
 	}()
 	// get the return value from a call
-	data := []byte{0x1} // just needs to be non empty for this to be a CallTx
+	data := []byte{0x1}
 	waitForEvent(t, con, eid, true, func() {
-		broadcastTx(t, "JSONRPC", userByteAddr, contractAddr, data, userBytePriv, amt, 1000, 1000)
+		tx := makeDefaultCallTx(t, wsTyp, contractAddr, data, amt, gasLim, fee)
+		broadcastTx(t, wsTyp, tx)
 	}, unmarshalValidateCall(amt, returnVal))
 }
 
 // create two contracts, one of which calls the other
 func TestWSCallCall(t *testing.T) {
 	con := newWSCon(t)
-	amt := uint64(10000)
+	amt, gasLim, fee := uint64(10000), uint64(1000), uint64(1000)
 	code, _, returnVal := simpleContract()
 	txid := new([]byte)
 
 	// deploy the two contracts
-	_, receipt := broadcastTx(t, "JSONRPC", userByteAddr, nil, code, userBytePriv, amt, 1000, 1000)
+	tx := makeDefaultCallTx(t, wsTyp, nil, code, amt, gasLim, fee)
+	receipt := broadcastTx(t, wsTyp, tx)
 	contractAddr1 := receipt.ContractAddr
+
 	code, _, _ = simpleCallContract(contractAddr1)
-	_, receipt = broadcastTx(t, "JSONRPC", userByteAddr, nil, code, userBytePriv, amt, 1000, 1000)
+	tx = makeDefaultCallTx(t, wsTyp, nil, code, amt, gasLim, fee)
+	receipt = broadcastTx(t, wsTyp, tx)
 	contractAddr2 := receipt.ContractAddr
 
 	// susbscribe to the new contracts
@@ -171,7 +183,6 @@ func TestWSCallCall(t *testing.T) {
 		con.Close()
 	}()
 	// call contract2, which should call contract1, and wait for ev1
-	data := []byte{0x1} // just needs to be non empty for this to be a CallTx
 
 	// let the contract get created first
 	waitForEvent(t, con, eid1, true, func() {
@@ -180,7 +191,8 @@ func TestWSCallCall(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	// call it
 	waitForEvent(t, con, eid1, true, func() {
-		tx, _ := broadcastTx(t, "JSONRPC", userByteAddr, contractAddr2, data, userBytePriv, amt, 1000, 1000)
+		tx := makeDefaultCallTx(t, wsTyp, contractAddr2, nil, amt, gasLim, fee)
+		broadcastTx(t, wsTyp, tx)
 		*txid = account.HashSignBytes(tx)
-	}, unmarshalValidateCallCall(userByteAddr, returnVal, txid))
+	}, unmarshalValidateCallCall(user[0].Address, returnVal, txid))
 }
diff --git a/rpc/test/helpers.go b/rpc/test/helpers.go
index a8cd2b1c..8602c0bf 100644
--- a/rpc/test/helpers.go
+++ b/rpc/test/helpers.go
@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@ package rpctest
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus"
@@ -12,8 +16,6 @@ import (
 	cclient "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/core_client"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
 )
 
 // global variables for use across all tests
@@ -26,10 +28,9 @@ var (
 
 	mempoolCount = 0
 
-	userAddr                   = "1D7A91CB32F758A02EBB9BE1FB6F8DEE56F90D42"
-	userPriv                   = "C453604BD6480D5538B4C6FD2E3E314B5BCE518D75ADE4DA3DA85AB8ADFD819606FBAC4E285285D1D91FCBC7E91C780ADA11516F67462340B3980CE2B94940E8"
-	userPub                    = "06FBAC4E285285D1D91FCBC7E91C780ADA11516F67462340B3980CE2B94940E8"
-	userByteAddr, userBytePriv = initUserBytes()
+	// make keys
+	userPriv = "C453604BD6480D5538B4C6FD2E3E314B5BCE518D75ADE4DA3DA85AB8ADFD819606FBAC4E285285D1D91FCBC7E91C780ADA11516F67462340B3980CE2B94940E8"
+	user     = makeUsers(2)
 
 	clients = map[string]cclient.Client{
 		"JSONRPC": cclient.NewClient(requestAddr, "JSONRPC"),
@@ -37,22 +38,21 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
-// returns byte versions of address and private key
-// type [64]byte needed by account.GenPrivAccountFromKey
-func initUserBytes() ([]byte, [64]byte) {
-	byteAddr, _ := hex.DecodeString(userAddr)
+func makeUsers(n int) []*account.PrivAccount {
+	accounts := []*account.PrivAccount{}
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		secret := []byte("mysecret" + strconv.Itoa(i))
+		user := account.GenPrivAccountFromSecret(secret)
+		accounts = append(accounts, user)
+	}
+
+	// include our validator
 	var byteKey [64]byte
 	userPrivByteSlice, _ := hex.DecodeString(userPriv)
 	copy(byteKey[:], userPrivByteSlice)
-	return byteAddr, byteKey
-}
-
-func decodeHex(hexStr string) []byte {
-	bytes, err := hex.DecodeString(hexStr)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return bytes
+	privAcc := account.GenPrivAccountFromKey(byteKey)
+	accounts[0] = privAcc
+	return accounts
 }
 
 // create a new node and sleep forever
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ func newNode(ready chan struct{}) {
 func init() {
 	// Save new priv_validator file.
 	priv := &state.PrivValidator{
-		Address: decodeHex(userAddr),
-		PubKey:  account.PubKeyEd25519(decodeHex(userPub)),
-		PrivKey: account.PrivKeyEd25519(decodeHex(userPriv)),
+		Address: user[0].Address,
+		PubKey:  account.PubKeyEd25519(user[0].PubKey.(account.PubKeyEd25519)),
+		PrivKey: account.PrivKeyEd25519(user[0].PrivKey.(account.PrivKeyEd25519)),
 	}
 	priv.SetFile(config.GetString("priv_validator_file"))
 	priv.Save()
@@ -93,70 +93,44 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// make transactions
+// some default transaction functions
 
-// make a send tx (uses get account to figure out the nonce)
-func makeSendTx(t *testing.T, typ string, from, to []byte, amt uint64) *types.SendTx {
-	acc := getAccount(t, typ, from)
-	nonce := 0
-	if acc != nil {
-		nonce = int(acc.Sequence) + 1
-	}
-	bytePub, err := hex.DecodeString(userPub)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	tx := &types.SendTx{
-		Inputs: []*types.TxInput{
-			&types.TxInput{
-				Address:   from,
-				Amount:    amt,
-				Sequence:  uint(nonce),
-				Signature: account.SignatureEd25519{},
-				PubKey:    account.PubKeyEd25519(bytePub),
-			},
-		},
-		Outputs: []*types.TxOutput{
-			&types.TxOutput{
-				Address: to,
-				Amount:  amt,
-			},
-		},
-	}
+func makeDefaultSendTx(t *testing.T, typ string, addr []byte, amt uint64) *types.SendTx {
+	nonce := getNonce(t, typ, user[0].Address)
+	tx := types.NewSendTx()
+	tx.AddInputWithNonce(user[0].PubKey, amt, nonce)
+	tx.AddOutput(addr, amt)
 	return tx
 }
 
-// make a call tx (uses get account to figure out the nonce)
-func makeCallTx(t *testing.T, typ string, from, to, data []byte, amt, gaslim, fee uint64) *types.CallTx {
-	acc := getAccount(t, typ, from)
-	nonce := 0
-	if acc != nil {
-		nonce = int(acc.Sequence) + 1
-	}
-
-	bytePub, err := hex.DecodeString(userPub)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	tx := &types.CallTx{
-		Input: &types.TxInput{
-			Address:   from,
-			Amount:    amt,
-			Sequence:  uint(nonce),
-			Signature: account.SignatureEd25519{},
-			PubKey:    account.PubKeyEd25519(bytePub),
-		},
-		Address:  to,
-		GasLimit: gaslim,
-		Fee:      fee,
-		Data:     data,
-	}
+func makeDefaultSendTxSigned(t *testing.T, typ string, addr []byte, amt uint64) *types.SendTx {
+	tx := makeDefaultSendTx(t, typ, addr, amt)
+	tx.SignInput(0, user[0])
+	return tx
+}
+
+func makeDefaultCallTx(t *testing.T, typ string, addr, code []byte, amt, gasLim, fee uint64) *types.CallTx {
+	nonce := getNonce(t, typ, user[0].Address)
+	tx := types.NewCallTxWithNonce(user[0].PubKey, addr, code, amt, gasLim, fee, nonce)
+	tx.Sign(user[0])
 	return tx
 }
 
-// make transactions
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// rpc call wrappers
+// rpc call wrappers (fail on err)
+
+// get an account's nonce
+func getNonce(t *testing.T, typ string, addr []byte) uint64 {
+	client := clients[typ]
+	ac, err := client.GetAccount(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if ac.Account == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return uint64(ac.Account.Sequence)
+}
 
 // get the account
 func getAccount(t *testing.T, typ string, addr []byte) *account.Account {
@@ -168,38 +142,25 @@ func getAccount(t *testing.T, typ string, addr []byte) *account.Account {
 	return ac.Account
 }
 
-// make and sign transaction
-func signTx(t *testing.T, typ string, fromAddr, toAddr, data []byte, key [64]byte, amt, gaslim, fee uint64) (types.Tx, *account.PrivAccount) {
-	var tx types.Tx
-	if data == nil {
-		tx = makeSendTx(t, typ, fromAddr, toAddr, amt)
-	} else {
-		tx = makeCallTx(t, typ, fromAddr, toAddr, data, amt, gaslim, fee)
-	}
-
-	privAcc := account.GenPrivAccountFromKey(key)
-	if bytes.Compare(privAcc.PubKey.Address(), fromAddr) != 0 {
-		t.Fatal("Failed to generate correct priv acc")
-	}
-
+// sign transaction
+func signTx(t *testing.T, typ string, tx types.Tx, privAcc *account.PrivAccount) types.Tx {
 	client := clients[typ]
 	resp, err := client.SignTx(tx, []*account.PrivAccount{privAcc})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	return resp.Tx, privAcc
+	return resp.Tx
 }
 
-// create, sign, and broadcast a transaction
-func broadcastTx(t *testing.T, typ string, fromAddr, toAddr, data []byte, key [64]byte, amt, gaslim, fee uint64) (types.Tx, ctypes.Receipt) {
-	tx, _ := signTx(t, typ, fromAddr, toAddr, data, key, amt, gaslim, fee)
+// broadcast transaction
+func broadcastTx(t *testing.T, typ string, tx types.Tx) ctypes.Receipt {
 	client := clients[typ]
 	resp, err := client.BroadcastTx(tx)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	mempoolCount += 1
-	return tx, resp.Receipt
+	return resp.Receipt
 }
 
 // dump all storage for an account. currently unused
diff --git a/rpc/test/tests.go b/rpc/test/tests.go
index 06cd62e8..40819e0b 100644
--- a/rpc/test/tests.go
+++ b/rpc/test/tests.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package rpctest
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
 	"testing"
@@ -32,34 +33,47 @@ func testGenPriv(t *testing.T, typ string) {
 }
 
 func testGetAccount(t *testing.T, typ string) {
-	acc := getAccount(t, typ, userByteAddr)
+	acc := getAccount(t, typ, user[0].Address)
 	if acc == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Account was nil")
 	}
-	if bytes.Compare(acc.Address, userByteAddr) != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to get correct account. Got %x, expected %x", acc.Address, userByteAddr)
+	if bytes.Compare(acc.Address, user[0].Address) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to get correct account. Got %x, expected %x", acc.Address, user[0].Address)
 	}
 }
 
 func testSignedTx(t *testing.T, typ string) {
 	amt := uint64(100)
 	toAddr := []byte{20, 143, 25, 63, 16, 177, 83, 29, 91, 91, 54, 23, 233, 46, 190, 121, 122, 34, 86, 54}
-	tx, priv := signTx(t, typ, userByteAddr, toAddr, nil, userBytePriv, amt, 0, 0)
-	checkTx(t, userByteAddr, priv, tx.(*types.SendTx))
+	testOneSignTx(t, typ, toAddr, amt)
 
 	toAddr = []byte{20, 143, 24, 63, 16, 17, 83, 29, 90, 91, 52, 2, 0, 41, 190, 121, 122, 34, 86, 54}
-	tx, priv = signTx(t, typ, userByteAddr, toAddr, nil, userBytePriv, amt, 0, 0)
-	checkTx(t, userByteAddr, priv, tx.(*types.SendTx))
+	testOneSignTx(t, typ, toAddr, amt)
 
 	toAddr = []byte{0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 91, 52, 2, 0, 41, 190, 121, 122, 34, 86, 54}
-	tx, priv = signTx(t, typ, userByteAddr, toAddr, nil, userBytePriv, amt, 0, 0)
-	checkTx(t, userByteAddr, priv, tx.(*types.SendTx))
+	testOneSignTx(t, typ, toAddr, amt)
+}
+
+func testOneSignTx(t *testing.T, typ string, addr []byte, amt uint64) {
+	tx := makeDefaultSendTx(t, typ, addr, amt)
+	tx2 := signTx(t, typ, tx, user[0])
+	tx2hash := account.HashSignBytes(tx2)
+	tx.SignInput(0, user[0])
+	txhash := account.HashSignBytes(tx)
+	if bytes.Compare(txhash, tx2hash) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("Got different signatures for signing via rpc vs tx_utils")
+	}
+
+	tx_ := signTx(t, typ, tx, user[0])
+	tx = tx_.(*types.SendTx)
+	checkTx(t, user[0].Address, user[0], tx)
 }
 
 func testBroadcastTx(t *testing.T, typ string) {
 	amt := uint64(100)
 	toAddr := []byte{20, 143, 25, 63, 16, 177, 83, 29, 91, 91, 54, 23, 233, 46, 190, 121, 122, 34, 86, 54}
-	tx, receipt := broadcastTx(t, typ, userByteAddr, toAddr, nil, userBytePriv, amt, 0, 0)
+	tx := makeDefaultSendTxSigned(t, typ, toAddr, amt)
+	receipt := broadcastTx(t, typ, tx)
 	if receipt.CreatesContract > 0 {
 		t.Fatal("This tx does not create a contract")
 	}
@@ -90,9 +104,10 @@ func testGetStorage(t *testing.T, typ string) {
 		con.Close()
 	}()
 
-	amt := uint64(1100)
+	amt, gasLim, fee := uint64(1100), uint64(1000), uint64(1000)
 	code := []byte{0x60, 0x5, 0x60, 0x1, 0x55}
-	_, receipt := broadcastTx(t, typ, userByteAddr, nil, code, userBytePriv, amt, 1000, 1000)
+	tx := makeDefaultCallTx(t, typ, nil, code, amt, gasLim, fee)
+	receipt := broadcastTx(t, typ, tx)
 	if receipt.CreatesContract == 0 {
 		t.Fatal("This tx creates a contract")
 	}
@@ -147,9 +162,11 @@ func testCall(t *testing.T, typ string) {
 	client := clients[typ]
 
 	// create the contract
-	amt := uint64(6969)
+	amt, gasLim, fee := uint64(6969), uint64(1000), uint64(1000)
 	code, _, _ := simpleContract()
-	_, receipt := broadcastTx(t, typ, userByteAddr, nil, code, userBytePriv, amt, 1000, 1000)
+	tx := makeDefaultCallTx(t, typ, nil, code, amt, gasLim, fee)
+	receipt := broadcastTx(t, typ, tx)
+
 	if receipt.CreatesContract == 0 {
 		t.Fatal("This tx creates a contract")
 	}
diff --git a/rpc/test/ws_helpers.go b/rpc/test/ws_helpers.go
index a7e6edf0..d9a58164 100644
--- a/rpc/test/ws_helpers.go
+++ b/rpc/test/ws_helpers.go
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types"
 	_ "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/config/tendermint_test"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
 )
 
@@ -173,14 +173,14 @@ func unmarshalValidateSend(amt uint64, toAddr []byte) func(string, []byte) error
 			return fmt.Errorf("Eventid is not correct. Got %s, expected %s", response.Event, eid)
 		}
 		tx := response.Data
-		if bytes.Compare(tx.Inputs[0].Address, userByteAddr) != 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Senders do not match up! Got %x, expected %x", tx.Inputs[0].Address, userByteAddr)
+		if bytes.Compare(tx.Inputs[0].Address, user[0].Address) != 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Senders do not match up! Got %x, expected %x", tx.Inputs[0].Address, user[0].Address)
 		}
 		if tx.Inputs[0].Amount != amt {
 			return fmt.Errorf("Amt does not match up! Got %d, expected %d", tx.Inputs[0].Amount, amt)
 		}
 		if bytes.Compare(tx.Outputs[0].Address, toAddr) != 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Receivers do not match up! Got %x, expected %x", tx.Outputs[0].Address, userByteAddr)
+			return fmt.Errorf("Receivers do not match up! Got %x, expected %x", tx.Outputs[0].Address, user[0].Address)
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -210,8 +210,8 @@ func unmarshalValidateCall(amt uint64, returnCode []byte) func(string, []byte) e
 			return fmt.Errorf(response.Data.Exception)
 		}
 		tx := response.Data.Tx
-		if bytes.Compare(tx.Input.Address, userByteAddr) != 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Senders do not match up! Got %x, expected %x", tx.Input.Address, userByteAddr)
+		if bytes.Compare(tx.Input.Address, user[0].Address) != 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Senders do not match up! Got %x, expected %x", tx.Input.Address, user[0].Address)
 		}
 		if tx.Input.Amount != amt {
 			return fmt.Errorf("Amt does not match up! Got %d, expected %d", tx.Input.Amount, amt)
diff --git a/types/tx_utils.go b/types/tx_utils.go
index b307c88b..29a7b3ab 100644
--- a/types/tx_utils.go
+++ b/types/tx_utils.go
@@ -36,6 +36,18 @@ func (tx *SendTx) AddInput(st AccountGetter, pubkey account.PubKey, amt uint64)
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (tx *SendTx) AddInputWithNonce(pubkey account.PubKey, amt, nonce uint64) error {
+	addr := pubkey.Address()
+	tx.Inputs = append(tx.Inputs, &TxInput{
+		Address:   addr,
+		Amount:    amt,
+		Sequence:  uint(nonce) + 1,
+		Signature: account.SignatureEd25519{},
+		PubKey:    pubkey,
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (tx *SendTx) AddOutput(addr []byte, amt uint64) error {
 	tx.Outputs = append(tx.Outputs, &TxOutput{
 		Address: addr,
@@ -63,10 +75,16 @@ func NewCallTx(st AccountGetter, from account.PubKey, to, data []byte, amt, gasL
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Invalid address %X from pubkey %X", addr, from)
 	}
 
+	nonce := uint64(acc.Sequence)
+	return NewCallTxWithNonce(from, to, data, amt, gasLimit, fee, nonce), nil
+}
+
+func NewCallTxWithNonce(from account.PubKey, to, data []byte, amt, gasLimit, fee, nonce uint64) *CallTx {
+	addr := from.Address()
 	input := &TxInput{
 		Address:   addr,
 		Amount:    amt,
-		Sequence:  uint(acc.Sequence) + 1,
+		Sequence:  uint(nonce) + 1,
 		Signature: account.SignatureEd25519{},
 		PubKey:    from,
 	}
@@ -77,7 +95,7 @@ func NewCallTx(st AccountGetter, from account.PubKey, to, data []byte, amt, gasL
 		GasLimit: gasLimit,
 		Fee:      fee,
 		Data:     data,
-	}, nil
+	}
 }
 
 func (tx *CallTx) Sign(privAccount *account.PrivAccount) {
@@ -117,6 +135,18 @@ func (tx *BondTx) AddInput(st AccountGetter, pubkey account.PubKey, amt uint64)
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (tx *BondTx) AddInputWithNonce(pubkey account.PubKey, amt, nonce uint64) error {
+	addr := pubkey.Address()
+	tx.Inputs = append(tx.Inputs, &TxInput{
+		Address:   addr,
+		Amount:    amt,
+		Sequence:  uint(nonce) + 1,
+		Signature: account.SignatureEd25519{},
+		PubKey:    pubkey,
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (tx *BondTx) AddOutput(addr []byte, amt uint64) error {
 	tx.UnbondTo = append(tx.UnbondTo, &TxOutput{
 		Address: addr,