diff --git a/core/tx_pool.go b/core/tx_pool.go
index 1f5b46d4b..04ffa8a98 100644
--- a/core/tx_pool.go
+++ b/core/tx_pool.go
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) resetState() {
 	}
 	// Check the queue and move transactions over to the pending if possible
 	// or remove those that have become invalid
-	pool.promoteExecutables(currentState)
+	pool.promoteExecutables(currentState, nil)
 }
 
 // Stop terminates the transaction pool.
@@ -339,17 +339,6 @@ func (pool *TxPool) Pending() (map[common.Address]types.Transactions, error) {
 	pool.mu.Lock()
 	defer pool.mu.Unlock()
 
-	state, err := pool.currentState()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	// check queue first
-	pool.promoteExecutables(state)
-
-	// invalidate any txs
-	pool.demoteUnexecutables(state)
-
 	pending := make(map[common.Address]types.Transactions)
 	for addr, list := range pool.pending {
 		pending[addr] = list.Flatten()
@@ -551,13 +540,14 @@ func (pool *TxPool) Add(tx *types.Transaction) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	state, err := pool.currentState()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	// If we added a new transaction, run promotion checks and return
 	if !replace {
-		pool.promoteExecutables(state)
+		state, err := pool.currentState()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		from, _ := types.Sender(pool.signer, tx) // already validated
+		pool.promoteExecutables(state, []common.Address{from})
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -568,24 +558,26 @@ func (pool *TxPool) AddBatch(txs []*types.Transaction) error {
 	defer pool.mu.Unlock()
 
 	// Add the batch of transaction, tracking the accepted ones
-	replaced, added := true, 0
+	dirty := make(map[common.Address]struct{})
 	for _, tx := range txs {
 		if replace, err := pool.add(tx); err == nil {
-			added++
 			if !replace {
-				replaced = false
+				from, _ := types.Sender(pool.signer, tx) // already validated
+				dirty[from] = struct{}{}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	// Only reprocess the internal state if something was actually added
-	if added > 0 {
+	if len(dirty) > 0 {
 		state, err := pool.currentState()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if !replaced {
-			pool.promoteExecutables(state)
+		addrs := make([]common.Address, 0, len(dirty))
+		for addr, _ := range dirty {
+			addrs = append(addrs, addr)
 		}
+		pool.promoteExecutables(state, addrs)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -662,12 +654,23 @@ func (pool *TxPool) removeTx(hash common.Hash) {
 // promoteExecutables moves transactions that have become processable from the
 // future queue to the set of pending transactions. During this process, all
 // invalidated transactions (low nonce, low balance) are deleted.
-func (pool *TxPool) promoteExecutables(state *state.StateDB) {
+func (pool *TxPool) promoteExecutables(state *state.StateDB, accounts []common.Address) {
 	gaslimit := pool.gasLimit()
 
+	// Gather all the accounts potentially needing updates
+	if accounts == nil {
+		accounts = make([]common.Address, 0, len(pool.queue))
+		for addr, _ := range pool.queue {
+			accounts = append(accounts, addr)
+		}
+	}
 	// Iterate over all accounts and promote any executable transactions
 	queued := uint64(0)
-	for addr, list := range pool.queue {
+	for _, addr := range accounts {
+		list := pool.queue[addr]
+		if list == nil {
+			continue // Just in case someone calls with a non existing account
+		}
 		// Drop all transactions that are deemed too old (low nonce)
 		for _, tx := range list.Forward(state.GetNonce(addr)) {
 			hash := tx.Hash()
diff --git a/core/tx_pool_test.go b/core/tx_pool_test.go
index c12bd20a1..94b07170d 100644
--- a/core/tx_pool_test.go
+++ b/core/tx_pool_test.go
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ func TestTransactionQueue(t *testing.T) {
 	pool.resetState()
 	pool.enqueueTx(tx.Hash(), tx)
 
-	pool.promoteExecutables(currentState)
+	pool.promoteExecutables(currentState, []common.Address{from})
 	if len(pool.pending) != 1 {
 		t.Error("expected valid txs to be 1 is", len(pool.pending))
 	}
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ func TestTransactionQueue(t *testing.T) {
 	from, _ = deriveSender(tx)
 	currentState.SetNonce(from, 2)
 	pool.enqueueTx(tx.Hash(), tx)
-	pool.promoteExecutables(currentState)
+	pool.promoteExecutables(currentState, []common.Address{from})
 	if _, ok := pool.pending[from].txs.items[tx.Nonce()]; ok {
 		t.Error("expected transaction to be in tx pool")
 	}
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ func TestTransactionQueue(t *testing.T) {
 	pool.enqueueTx(tx2.Hash(), tx2)
 	pool.enqueueTx(tx3.Hash(), tx3)
 
-	pool.promoteExecutables(currentState)
+	pool.promoteExecutables(currentState, []common.Address{from})
 
 	if len(pool.pending) != 1 {
 		t.Error("expected tx pool to be 1, got", len(pool.pending))
@@ -304,16 +304,16 @@ func TestTransactionDoubleNonce(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("second transaction insert failed (%v) or not reported replacement (%v)", err, replace)
 	}
 	state, _ := pool.currentState()
-	pool.promoteExecutables(state)
+	pool.promoteExecutables(state, []common.Address{addr})
 	if pool.pending[addr].Len() != 1 {
 		t.Error("expected 1 pending transactions, got", pool.pending[addr].Len())
 	}
 	if tx := pool.pending[addr].txs.items[0]; tx.Hash() != tx2.Hash() {
 		t.Errorf("transaction mismatch: have %x, want %x", tx.Hash(), tx2.Hash())
 	}
-	// Add the thid transaction and ensure it's not saved (smaller price)
+	// Add the third transaction and ensure it's not saved (smaller price)
 	pool.add(tx3)
-	pool.promoteExecutables(state)
+	pool.promoteExecutables(state, []common.Address{addr})
 	if pool.pending[addr].Len() != 1 {
 		t.Error("expected 1 pending transactions, got", pool.pending[addr].Len())
 	}
@@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ func benchmarkFuturePromotion(b *testing.B, size int) {
 	// Benchmark the speed of pool validation
 	b.ResetTimer()
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		pool.promoteExecutables(state)
+		pool.promoteExecutables(state, nil)
 	}
 }