This commit adds pluggable consensus engines to go-ethereum. In short, it
introduces a generic consensus interface, and refactors the entire codebase to
use this interface.
This commit solves several issues concerning the genesis block:
* Genesis/ChainConfig loading was handled by cmd/geth code. This left
library users in the cold. They could specify a JSON-encoded
string and overwrite the config, but didn't get any of the additional
checks performed by geth.
* Decoding and writing of genesis JSON was conflated in
WriteGenesisBlock. This made it a lot harder to embed the genesis
block into the forthcoming config file loader. This commit changes
things so there is a single Genesis type that represents genesis
blocks. All uses of Write*Genesis* are changed to use the new type
instead.
* If the chain config supplied by the user was incompatible with the
current chain (i.e. the chain had already advanced beyond a scheduled
fork), it got overwritten. This is not an issue in practice because
previous forks have always had the highest total difficulty. It might
matter in the future though. The new code reverts the local chain to
the point of the fork when upgrading configuration.
The change to genesis block data removes compression library
dependencies from package core.
This commit makes the wrapper types more generally applicable.
encoding.TextMarshaler is supported by most codec implementations (e.g.
for yaml).
The tests now ensure that package json actually recognizes the custom
marshaler implementation irrespective of how it is implemented.
The Uint type has new tests, too. These are tricky because uint size
depends on the CPU word size. Turns out that there was one incorrect
case where decoding returned ErrUint64Range instead of ErrUintRange.
* common/math: optimize PaddedBigBytes, use it more
name old time/op new time/op delta
PaddedBigBytes-8 71.1ns ± 5% 46.1ns ± 1% -35.15% (p=0.000 n=20+19)
name old alloc/op new alloc/op delta
PaddedBigBytes-8 48.0B ± 0% 32.0B ± 0% -33.33% (p=0.000 n=20+20)
* all: unify big.Int zero checks
Various checks were in use. This commit replaces them all with Int.Sign,
which is cheaper and less code.
eg templates:
func before(x *big.Int) bool { return x.BitLen() == 0 }
func after(x *big.Int) bool { return x.Sign() == 0 }
func before(x *big.Int) bool { return x.BitLen() > 0 }
func after(x *big.Int) bool { return x.Sign() != 0 }
func before(x *big.Int) int { return x.Cmp(common.Big0) }
func after(x *big.Int) int { return x.Sign() }
* common/math, crypto/secp256k1: make ReadBits public in package math
* common: remove CurrencyToString
Move denomination values to params instead.
* common: delete dead code
* common: move big integer operations to common/math
This commit consolidates all big integer operations into common/math and
adds tests and documentation.
There should be no change in semantics for BigPow, BigMin, BigMax, S256,
U256, Exp and their behaviour is now locked in by tests.
The BigD, BytesToBig and Bytes2Big functions don't provide additional
value, all uses are replaced by new(big.Int).SetBytes().
BigToBytes is now called PaddedBigBytes, its minimum output size
parameter is now specified as the number of bytes instead of bits. The
single use of this function is in the EVM's MSTORE instruction.
Big and String2Big are replaced by ParseBig, which is slightly stricter.
It previously accepted leading zeros for hexadecimal inputs but treated
decimal inputs as octal if a leading zero digit was present.
ParseUint64 is used in places where String2Big was used to decode a
uint64.
The new functions MustParseBig and MustParseUint64 are now used in many
places where parsing errors were previously ignored.
* common: delete unused big integer variables
* accounts/abi: replace uses of BytesToBig with use of encoding/binary
* common: remove BytesToBig
* common: remove Bytes2Big
* common: remove BigTrue
* cmd/utils: add BigFlag and use it for error-checked integer flags
While here, remove environment variable processing for DirectoryFlag
because we don't use it.
* core: add missing error checks in genesis block parser
* common: remove String2Big
* cmd/evm: use utils.BigFlag
* common/math: check for 256 bit overflow in ParseBig
This is supposed to prevent silent overflow/truncation of values in the
genesis block JSON. Without this check, a genesis block that set a
balance larger than 256 bits would lead to weird behaviour in the VM.
* cmd/utils: fixup import
This significantly reduces the dependency closure of ethclient, which no
longer depends on core/vm as of this change.
All uses of vm.Logs are replaced by []*types.Log. NewLog is gone too,
the constructor simply returned a literal.
To address increasing complexity in code that handles signatures, this PR
discards all notion of "different" signature types at the library level. Both
the crypto and accounts package is reduced to only be able to produce plain
canonical secp256k1 signatures. This makes the crpyto APIs much cleaner,
simpler and harder to abuse.
* core, core/types: refactored tx chain id checking
Refactored explicit chain id checking in to the Sender deriviation method
* cmd/utils, params: define chain ids
These accessors were introduced by light client changes, but
the only method that is actually used is GetNumberU64. This
commit replaces all uses of .GetNumberU64 with .Number.Uint64.
This commit includes several API changes:
- The behavior of eth_sign is changed. It now accepts an arbitrary
message, prepends the well-known string
\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n<length of message>
hashes the result using keccak256 and calculates the signature of
the hash. This breaks backwards compatability!
- personal_sign(hash, address [, password]) is added. It has the same
semantics as eth_sign but also accepts a password. The private key
used to sign the hash is temporarily unlocked in the scope of the
request.
- personal_recover(message, signature) is added and returns the
address for the account that created a signature.
In this commit, core/types's types learn how to encode and decode
themselves as JSON. The encoding is very similar to what the RPC API
uses. The RPC API is missing some output fields (e.g. transaction
signature values) which will be added to the API in a later commit. Some
fields that the API generates are ignored by the decoder methods here.
We used to have reporting of bad blocks, but it was disabled
before the Frontier release. We need it back because users
are usually unable to provide the full RLP data of a bad
block when it occurs.
A shortcoming of this particular implementation is that the
origin peer is not tracked for blocks received during eth/63
sync. No origin peer info is still better than no report at
all though.
* Removed some strange code that didn't apply state reverting properly
* Refactored code setting from vm & state transition to the executioner
* Updated tests
* change gas cost for contract creating txs
* invalidate signature with s value greater than secp256k1 N / 2
* OOG contract creation if not enough gas to store code
* new difficulty adjustment algorithm
* new DELEGATECALL op code
This removes the burden on a single object to take care of all
validation and state processing. Now instead the validation is done by
the `core.BlockValidator` (`types.Validator`) that takes care of both
header and uncle validation through the `ValidateBlock` method and state
validation through the `ValidateState` method. The state processing is
done by a new object `core.StateProcessor` (`types.Processor`) and
accepts a new state as input and uses that to process the given block's
transactions (and uncles for rewords) to calculate the state root for
the next block (P_n + 1).