// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors // This file is part of the go-ethereum library. // // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // // The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see . // Package fetcher contains the block announcement based synchronisation. package fetcher import ( "errors" "math/rand" "time" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log" "gopkg.in/karalabe/cookiejar.v2/collections/prque" ) const ( arriveTimeout = 500 * time.Millisecond // Time allowance before an announced block is explicitly requested gatherSlack = 100 * time.Millisecond // Interval used to collate almost-expired announces with fetches fetchTimeout = 5 * time.Second // Maximum allotted time to return an explicitly requested block maxUncleDist = 7 // Maximum allowed backward distance from the chain head maxQueueDist = 32 // Maximum allowed distance from the chain head to queue hashLimit = 256 // Maximum number of unique blocks a peer may have announced blockLimit = 64 // Maximum number of unique blocks a peer may have delivered ) var ( errTerminated = errors.New("terminated") ) // blockRetrievalFn is a callback type for retrieving a block from the local chain. type blockRetrievalFn func(common.Hash) *types.Block // headerRequesterFn is a callback type for sending a header retrieval request. type headerRequesterFn func(common.Hash) error // bodyRequesterFn is a callback type for sending a body retrieval request. type bodyRequesterFn func([]common.Hash) error // headerVerifierFn is a callback type to verify a block's header for fast propagation. type headerVerifierFn func(header *types.Header) error // blockBroadcasterFn is a callback type for broadcasting a block to connected peers. type blockBroadcasterFn func(block *types.Block, propagate bool) // chainHeightFn is a callback type to retrieve the current chain height. type chainHeightFn func() uint64 // chainInsertFn is a callback type to insert a batch of blocks into the local chain. type chainInsertFn func(types.Blocks) (int, error) // peerDropFn is a callback type for dropping a peer detected as malicious. type peerDropFn func(id string) // announce is the hash notification of the availability of a new block in the // network. type announce struct { hash common.Hash // Hash of the block being announced number uint64 // Number of the block being announced (0 = unknown | old protocol) header *types.Header // Header of the block partially reassembled (new protocol) time time.Time // Timestamp of the announcement origin string // Identifier of the peer originating the notification fetchHeader headerRequesterFn // Fetcher function to retrieve the header of an announced block fetchBodies bodyRequesterFn // Fetcher function to retrieve the body of an announced block } // headerFilterTask represents a batch of headers needing fetcher filtering. type headerFilterTask struct { headers []*types.Header // Collection of headers to filter time time.Time // Arrival time of the headers } // headerFilterTask represents a batch of block bodies (transactions and uncles) // needing fetcher filtering. type bodyFilterTask struct { transactions [][]*types.Transaction // Collection of transactions per block bodies uncles [][]*types.Header // Collection of uncles per block bodies time time.Time // Arrival time of the blocks' contents } // inject represents a schedules import operation. type inject struct { origin string block *types.Block } // Fetcher is responsible for accumulating block announcements from various peers // and scheduling them for retrieval. type Fetcher struct { // Various event channels notify chan *announce inject chan *inject blockFilter chan chan []*types.Block headerFilter chan chan *headerFilterTask bodyFilter chan chan *bodyFilterTask done chan common.Hash quit chan struct{} // Announce states announces map[string]int // Per peer announce counts to prevent memory exhaustion announced map[common.Hash][]*announce // Announced blocks, scheduled for fetching fetching map[common.Hash]*announce // Announced blocks, currently fetching fetched map[common.Hash][]*announce // Blocks with headers fetched, scheduled for body retrieval completing map[common.Hash]*announce // Blocks with headers, currently body-completing // Block cache queue *prque.Prque // Queue containing the import operations (block number sorted) queues map[string]int // Per peer block counts to prevent memory exhaustion queued map[common.Hash]*inject // Set of already queued blocks (to dedup imports) // Callbacks getBlock blockRetrievalFn // Retrieves a block from the local chain verifyHeader headerVerifierFn // Checks if a block's headers have a valid proof of work broadcastBlock blockBroadcasterFn // Broadcasts a block to connected peers chainHeight chainHeightFn // Retrieves the current chain's height insertChain chainInsertFn // Injects a batch of blocks into the chain dropPeer peerDropFn // Drops a peer for misbehaving // Testing hooks announceChangeHook func(common.Hash, bool) // Method to call upon adding or deleting a hash from the announce list queueChangeHook func(common.Hash, bool) // Method to call upon adding or deleting a block from the import queue fetchingHook func([]common.Hash) // Method to call upon starting a block (eth/61) or header (eth/62) fetch completingHook func([]common.Hash) // Method to call upon starting a block body fetch (eth/62) importedHook func(*types.Block) // Method to call upon successful block import (both eth/61 and eth/62) } // New creates a block fetcher to retrieve blocks based on hash announcements. func New(getBlock blockRetrievalFn, verifyHeader headerVerifierFn, broadcastBlock blockBroadcasterFn, chainHeight chainHeightFn, insertChain chainInsertFn, dropPeer peerDropFn) *Fetcher { return &Fetcher{ notify: make(chan *announce), inject: make(chan *inject), blockFilter: make(chan chan []*types.Block), headerFilter: make(chan chan *headerFilterTask), bodyFilter: make(chan chan *bodyFilterTask), done: make(chan common.Hash), quit: make(chan struct{}), announces: make(map[string]int), announced: make(map[common.Hash][]*announce), fetching: make(map[common.Hash]*announce), fetched: make(map[common.Hash][]*announce), completing: make(map[common.Hash]*announce), queue: prque.New(), queues: make(map[string]int), queued: make(map[common.Hash]*inject), getBlock: getBlock, verifyHeader: verifyHeader, broadcastBlock: broadcastBlock, chainHeight: chainHeight, insertChain: insertChain, dropPeer: dropPeer, } } // Start boots up the announcement based synchroniser, accepting and processing // hash notifications and block fetches until termination requested. func (f *Fetcher) Start() { go f.loop() } // Stop terminates the announcement based synchroniser, canceling all pending // operations. func (f *Fetcher) Stop() { close(f.quit) } // Notify announces the fetcher of the potential availability of a new block in // the network. func (f *Fetcher) Notify(peer string, hash common.Hash, number uint64, time time.Time, headerFetcher headerRequesterFn, bodyFetcher bodyRequesterFn) error { block := &announce{ hash: hash, number: number, time: time, origin: peer, fetchHeader: headerFetcher, fetchBodies: bodyFetcher, } select { case f.notify <- block: return nil case <-f.quit: return errTerminated } } // Enqueue tries to fill gaps the the fetcher's future import queue. func (f *Fetcher) Enqueue(peer string, block *types.Block) error { op := &inject{ origin: peer, block: block, } select { case f.inject <- op: return nil case <-f.quit: return errTerminated } } // FilterHeaders extracts all the headers that were explicitly requested by the fetcher, // returning those that should be handled differently. func (f *Fetcher) FilterHeaders(headers []*types.Header, time time.Time) []*types.Header { log.Trace("Filtering headers", "headers", len(headers)) // Send the filter channel to the fetcher filter := make(chan *headerFilterTask) select { case f.headerFilter <- filter: case <-f.quit: return nil } // Request the filtering of the header list select { case filter <- &headerFilterTask{headers: headers, time: time}: case <-f.quit: return nil } // Retrieve the headers remaining after filtering select { case task := <-filter: return task.headers case <-f.quit: return nil } } // FilterBodies extracts all the block bodies that were explicitly requested by // the fetcher, returning those that should be handled differently. func (f *Fetcher) FilterBodies(transactions [][]*types.Transaction, uncles [][]*types.Header, time time.Time) ([][]*types.Transaction, [][]*types.Header) { log.Trace("Filtering bodies", "txs", len(transactions), "uncles", len(uncles)) // Send the filter channel to the fetcher filter := make(chan *bodyFilterTask) select { case f.bodyFilter <- filter: case <-f.quit: return nil, nil } // Request the filtering of the body list select { case filter <- &bodyFilterTask{transactions: transactions, uncles: uncles, time: time}: case <-f.quit: return nil, nil } // Retrieve the bodies remaining after filtering select { case task := <-filter: return task.transactions, task.uncles case <-f.quit: return nil, nil } } // Loop is the main fetcher loop, checking and processing various notification // events. func (f *Fetcher) loop() { // Iterate the block fetching until a quit is requested fetchTimer := time.NewTimer(0) completeTimer := time.NewTimer(0) for { // Clean up any expired block fetches for hash, announce := range f.fetching { if time.Since(announce.time) > fetchTimeout { f.forgetHash(hash) } } // Import any queued blocks that could potentially fit height := f.chainHeight() for !f.queue.Empty() { op := f.queue.PopItem().(*inject) if f.queueChangeHook != nil { f.queueChangeHook(op.block.Hash(), false) } // If too high up the chain or phase, continue later number := op.block.NumberU64() if number > height+1 { f.queue.Push(op, -float32(op.block.NumberU64())) if f.queueChangeHook != nil { f.queueChangeHook(op.block.Hash(), true) } break } // Otherwise if fresh and still unknown, try and import hash := op.block.Hash() if number+maxUncleDist < height || f.getBlock(hash) != nil { f.forgetBlock(hash) continue } f.insert(op.origin, op.block) } // Wait for an outside event to occur select { case <-f.quit: // Fetcher terminating, abort all operations return case notification := <-f.notify: // A block was announced, make sure the peer isn't DOSing us propAnnounceInMeter.Mark(1) count := f.announces[notification.origin] + 1 if count > hashLimit { log.Debug("Peer exceeded outstanding announces", "peer", notification.origin, "limit", hashLimit) propAnnounceDOSMeter.Mark(1) break } // If we have a valid block number, check that it's potentially useful if notification.number > 0 { if dist := int64(notification.number) - int64(f.chainHeight()); dist < -maxUncleDist || dist > maxQueueDist { log.Debug("Peer discarded announcement", "peer", notification.origin, "number", notification.number, "hash", notification.hash, "distance", dist) propAnnounceDropMeter.Mark(1) break } } // All is well, schedule the announce if block's not yet downloading if _, ok := f.fetching[notification.hash]; ok { break } if _, ok := f.completing[notification.hash]; ok { break } f.announces[notification.origin] = count f.announced[notification.hash] = append(f.announced[notification.hash], notification) if f.announceChangeHook != nil && len(f.announced[notification.hash]) == 1 { f.announceChangeHook(notification.hash, true) } if len(f.announced) == 1 { f.rescheduleFetch(fetchTimer) } case op := <-f.inject: // A direct block insertion was requested, try and fill any pending gaps propBroadcastInMeter.Mark(1) f.enqueue(op.origin, op.block) case hash := <-f.done: // A pending import finished, remove all traces of the notification f.forgetHash(hash) f.forgetBlock(hash) case <-fetchTimer.C: // At least one block's timer ran out, check for needing retrieval request := make(map[string][]common.Hash) for hash, announces := range f.announced { if time.Since(announces[0].time) > arriveTimeout-gatherSlack { // Pick a random peer to retrieve from, reset all others announce := announces[rand.Intn(len(announces))] f.forgetHash(hash) // If the block still didn't arrive, queue for fetching if f.getBlock(hash) == nil { request[announce.origin] = append(request[announce.origin], hash) f.fetching[hash] = announce } } } // Send out all block header requests for peer, hashes := range request { log.Trace("Fetching scheduled headers", "peer", peer, "list", hashes) // Create a closure of the fetch and schedule in on a new thread fetchHeader, hashes := f.fetching[hashes[0]].fetchHeader, hashes go func() { if f.fetchingHook != nil { f.fetchingHook(hashes) } for _, hash := range hashes { headerFetchMeter.Mark(1) fetchHeader(hash) // Suboptimal, but protocol doesn't allow batch header retrievals } }() } // Schedule the next fetch if blocks are still pending f.rescheduleFetch(fetchTimer) case <-completeTimer.C: // At least one header's timer ran out, retrieve everything request := make(map[string][]common.Hash) for hash, announces := range f.fetched { // Pick a random peer to retrieve from, reset all others announce := announces[rand.Intn(len(announces))] f.forgetHash(hash) // If the block still didn't arrive, queue for completion if f.getBlock(hash) == nil { request[announce.origin] = append(request[announce.origin], hash) f.completing[hash] = announce } } // Send out all block body requests for peer, hashes := range request { log.Trace("Fetching scheduled bodies", "peer", peer, "list", hashes) // Create a closure of the fetch and schedule in on a new thread if f.completingHook != nil { f.completingHook(hashes) } bodyFetchMeter.Mark(int64(len(hashes))) go f.completing[hashes[0]].fetchBodies(hashes) } // Schedule the next fetch if blocks are still pending f.rescheduleComplete(completeTimer) case filter := <-f.headerFilter: // Headers arrived from a remote peer. Extract those that were explicitly // requested by the fetcher, and return everything else so it's delivered // to other parts of the system. var task *headerFilterTask select { case task = <-filter: case <-f.quit: return } headerFilterInMeter.Mark(int64(len(task.headers))) // Split the batch of headers into unknown ones (to return to the caller), // known incomplete ones (requiring body retrievals) and completed blocks. unknown, incomplete, complete := []*types.Header{}, []*announce{}, []*types.Block{} for _, header := range task.headers { hash := header.Hash() // Filter fetcher-requested headers from other synchronisation algorithms if announce := f.fetching[hash]; announce != nil && f.fetched[hash] == nil && f.completing[hash] == nil && f.queued[hash] == nil { // If the delivered header does not match the promised number, drop the announcer if header.Number.Uint64() != announce.number { log.Trace("Invalid block number fetched", "peer", announce.origin, "hash", header.Hash(), "announced", announce.number, "provided", header.Number) f.dropPeer(announce.origin) f.forgetHash(hash) continue } // Only keep if not imported by other means if f.getBlock(hash) == nil { announce.header = header announce.time = task.time // If the block is empty (header only), short circuit into the final import queue if header.TxHash == types.DeriveSha(types.Transactions{}) && header.UncleHash == types.CalcUncleHash([]*types.Header{}) { log.Trace("Block empty, skipping body retrieval", "peer", announce.origin, "number", header.Number, "hash", header.Hash()) block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(header) block.ReceivedAt = task.time complete = append(complete, block) f.completing[hash] = announce continue } // Otherwise add to the list of blocks needing completion incomplete = append(incomplete, announce) } else { log.Trace("Block already imported, discarding header", "peer", announce.origin, "number", header.Number, "hash", header.Hash()) f.forgetHash(hash) } } else { // Fetcher doesn't know about it, add to the return list unknown = append(unknown, header) } } headerFilterOutMeter.Mark(int64(len(unknown))) select { case filter <- &headerFilterTask{headers: unknown, time: task.time}: case <-f.quit: return } // Schedule the retrieved headers for body completion for _, announce := range incomplete { hash := announce.header.Hash() if _, ok := f.completing[hash]; ok { continue } f.fetched[hash] = append(f.fetched[hash], announce) if len(f.fetched) == 1 { f.rescheduleComplete(completeTimer) } } // Schedule the header-only blocks for import for _, block := range complete { if announce := f.completing[block.Hash()]; announce != nil { f.enqueue(announce.origin, block) } } case filter := <-f.bodyFilter: // Block bodies arrived, extract any explicitly requested blocks, return the rest var task *bodyFilterTask select { case task = <-filter: case <-f.quit: return } bodyFilterInMeter.Mark(int64(len(task.transactions))) blocks := []*types.Block{} for i := 0; i < len(task.transactions) && i < len(task.uncles); i++ { // Match up a body to any possible completion request matched := false for hash, announce := range f.completing { if f.queued[hash] == nil { txnHash := types.DeriveSha(types.Transactions(task.transactions[i])) uncleHash := types.CalcUncleHash(task.uncles[i]) if txnHash == announce.header.TxHash && uncleHash == announce.header.UncleHash { // Mark the body matched, reassemble if still unknown matched = true if f.getBlock(hash) == nil { block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(announce.header).WithBody(task.transactions[i], task.uncles[i]) block.ReceivedAt = task.time blocks = append(blocks, block) } else { f.forgetHash(hash) } } } } if matched { task.transactions = append(task.transactions[:i], task.transactions[i+1:]...) task.uncles = append(task.uncles[:i], task.uncles[i+1:]...) i-- continue } } bodyFilterOutMeter.Mark(int64(len(task.transactions))) select { case filter <- task: case <-f.quit: return } // Schedule the retrieved blocks for ordered import for _, block := range blocks { if announce := f.completing[block.Hash()]; announce != nil { f.enqueue(announce.origin, block) } } } } } // rescheduleFetch resets the specified fetch timer to the next announce timeout. func (f *Fetcher) rescheduleFetch(fetch *time.Timer) { // Short circuit if no blocks are announced if len(f.announced) == 0 { return } // Otherwise find the earliest expiring announcement earliest := time.Now() for _, announces := range f.announced { if earliest.After(announces[0].time) { earliest = announces[0].time } } fetch.Reset(arriveTimeout - time.Since(earliest)) } // rescheduleComplete resets the specified completion timer to the next fetch timeout. func (f *Fetcher) rescheduleComplete(complete *time.Timer) { // Short circuit if no headers are fetched if len(f.fetched) == 0 { return } // Otherwise find the earliest expiring announcement earliest := time.Now() for _, announces := range f.fetched { if earliest.After(announces[0].time) { earliest = announces[0].time } } complete.Reset(gatherSlack - time.Since(earliest)) } // enqueue schedules a new future import operation, if the block to be imported // has not yet been seen. func (f *Fetcher) enqueue(peer string, block *types.Block) { hash := block.Hash() // Ensure the peer isn't DOSing us count := f.queues[peer] + 1 if count > blockLimit { log.Debug("Discarded propagated block, exceeded allowance", "peer", peer, "number", block.Number(), "hash", hash, "limit", blockLimit) propBroadcastDOSMeter.Mark(1) f.forgetHash(hash) return } // Discard any past or too distant blocks if dist := int64(block.NumberU64()) - int64(f.chainHeight()); dist < -maxUncleDist || dist > maxQueueDist { log.Debug("Discarded propagated block, too far away", "peer", peer, "number", block.Number(), "hash", hash, "distance", dist) propBroadcastDropMeter.Mark(1) f.forgetHash(hash) return } // Schedule the block for future importing if _, ok := f.queued[hash]; !ok { op := &inject{ origin: peer, block: block, } f.queues[peer] = count f.queued[hash] = op f.queue.Push(op, -float32(block.NumberU64())) if f.queueChangeHook != nil { f.queueChangeHook(op.block.Hash(), true) } log.Debug("Queued propagated block", "peer", peer, "number", block.Number(), "hash", hash, "queued", f.queue.Size()) } } // insert spawns a new goroutine to run a block insertion into the chain. If the // block's number is at the same height as the current import phase, if updates // the phase states accordingly. func (f *Fetcher) insert(peer string, block *types.Block) { hash := block.Hash() // Run the import on a new thread log.Debug("Importing propagated block", "peer", peer, "number", block.Number(), "hash", hash) go func() { defer func() { f.done <- hash }() // If the parent's unknown, abort insertion parent := f.getBlock(block.ParentHash()) if parent == nil { log.Debug("Unknown parent of propagated block", "peer", peer, "number", block.Number(), "hash", hash, "parent", block.ParentHash()) return } // Quickly validate the header and propagate the block if it passes switch err := f.verifyHeader(block.Header()); err { case nil: // All ok, quickly propagate to our peers propBroadcastOutTimer.UpdateSince(block.ReceivedAt) go f.broadcastBlock(block, true) case consensus.ErrFutureBlock: // Weird future block, don't fail, but neither propagate default: // Something went very wrong, drop the peer log.Debug("Propagated block verification failed", "peer", peer, "number", block.Number(), "hash", hash, "err", err) f.dropPeer(peer) return } // Run the actual import and log any issues if _, err := f.insertChain(types.Blocks{block}); err != nil { log.Debug("Propagated block import failed", "peer", peer, "number", block.Number(), "hash", hash, "err", err) return } // If import succeeded, broadcast the block propAnnounceOutTimer.UpdateSince(block.ReceivedAt) go f.broadcastBlock(block, false) // Invoke the testing hook if needed if f.importedHook != nil { f.importedHook(block) } }() } // forgetHash removes all traces of a block announcement from the fetcher's // internal state. func (f *Fetcher) forgetHash(hash common.Hash) { // Remove all pending announces and decrement DOS counters for _, announce := range f.announced[hash] { f.announces[announce.origin]-- if f.announces[announce.origin] == 0 { delete(f.announces, announce.origin) } } delete(f.announced, hash) if f.announceChangeHook != nil { f.announceChangeHook(hash, false) } // Remove any pending fetches and decrement the DOS counters if announce := f.fetching[hash]; announce != nil { f.announces[announce.origin]-- if f.announces[announce.origin] == 0 { delete(f.announces, announce.origin) } delete(f.fetching, hash) } // Remove any pending completion requests and decrement the DOS counters for _, announce := range f.fetched[hash] { f.announces[announce.origin]-- if f.announces[announce.origin] == 0 { delete(f.announces, announce.origin) } } delete(f.fetched, hash) // Remove any pending completions and decrement the DOS counters if announce := f.completing[hash]; announce != nil { f.announces[announce.origin]-- if f.announces[announce.origin] == 0 { delete(f.announces, announce.origin) } delete(f.completing, hash) } } // forgetBlock removes all traces of a queued block from the fetcher's internal // state. func (f *Fetcher) forgetBlock(hash common.Hash) { if insert := f.queued[hash]; insert != nil { f.queues[insert.origin]-- if f.queues[insert.origin] == 0 { delete(f.queues, insert.origin) } delete(f.queued, hash) } }