diff --git a/lapi.c b/lapi.c
index fb22b3df..4a80796a 100644
--- a/lapi.c
+++ b/lapi.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lapi.c,v 1.92 2000/08/31 20:23:40 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lapi.c,v 1.93 2000/08/31 21:01:43 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Lua API
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -69,25 +69,24 @@ void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int index) {
 }
 
 
-void lua_move (lua_State *L, int index) {
-  TObject *p = Index(L, index);
-  TObject temp = *p;
+void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int index) {
+  StkId p = Index(L, index);
   while (++p < L->top) *(p-1) = *p;
-  *(L->top-1) = temp;
+  L->top--;
 }
 
 
 void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int index) {
   TObject temp = *(L->top-1);
-  TObject *p = Index(L, index);
-  TObject *q;
+  StkId p = Index(L, index);
+  StkId q;
   for (q = L->top-1; q>p; q--)
     *q = *(q-1);
   *p = temp;
 }
 
 
-void lua_pushobject (lua_State *L, int index) {
+void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int index) {
   *L->top = *Index(L, index);
   api_incr_top(L);
 }
@@ -133,17 +132,24 @@ int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int index) {
 
 int lua_tag (lua_State *L, int index) {
   btest(L, index, 
-   ((ttype(o) == TAG_USERDATA) ? tsvalue(o)->u.d.tag : luaT_effectivetag(L, o)),
-   -1);
+   ((ttype(o) == TAG_USERDATA) ? tsvalue(o)->u.d.tag :
+                                 luaT_effectivetag(L, o)), -1);
 }
 
-int lua_equal(lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {
+int lua_equal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {
   StkId o1 = Index(L, index1);
   StkId o2 = Index(L, index2);
   if (o1 >= L->top || o2 >= L->top) return 0;  /* index out-of-range */
   else return luaO_equalObj(o1, o2);
 }
 
+int lua_lessthan (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {
+  StkId o1 = Index(L, index1);
+  StkId o2 = Index(L, index2);
+  if (o1 >= L->top || o2 >= L->top) return 0;  /* index out-of-range */
+  else return luaV_lessthan(L, o1, o2, L->top);
+}
+
 
 
 double lua_tonumber (lua_State *L, int index) {
@@ -168,14 +174,13 @@ void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int index) {
 }
 
 const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int index) {
-  const TObject *o = Index(L, index);
+  StkId o = Index(L, index);
   switch (ttype(o)) {
     case TAG_NUMBER:  case TAG_NIL:
       return NULL;
     case TAG_STRING:
-      return tsvalue(o)->str;
     case TAG_USERDATA:
-      return tsvalue(o)->u.d.value;
+      return tsvalue(o);
     case TAG_TABLE: 
       return hvalue(o);
     case TAG_CCLOSURE: case TAG_LCLOSURE:
@@ -243,19 +248,32 @@ void lua_pushusertag (lua_State *L, void *u, int tag) {  /* ORDER LUA_T */
 
 
 void lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
-  luaV_getglobal(L, luaS_new(L, name), L->top++);
+  StkId top = L->top;
+  *top = *luaV_getglobal(L, luaS_new(L, name));
+  L->top = top+1;
 }
 
 
-void lua_gettable (lua_State *L) {
-  luaV_gettable(L, L->top--);
+void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int tableindex) {
+  StkId t = Index(L, tableindex);
+  StkId top = L->top;
+  *(top-1) = *luaV_gettable(L, t);
+  L->top = top;  /* tag method may change top */
 }
 
 
-void lua_rawget (lua_State *L) {
-  LUA_ASSERT(ttype(L->top-2) == TAG_TABLE, "table expected");
-  *(L->top - 2) = *luaH_get(L, hvalue(L->top - 2), L->top - 1);
-  L->top--;
+void lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int tableindex) {
+  StkId t = Index(L, tableindex);
+  LUA_ASSERT(ttype(t) == TAG_TABLE, "table expected");
+  *(L->top - 1) = *luaH_get(L, hvalue(t), L->top - 1);
+}
+
+
+void lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int index, int n) {
+  StkId o = Index(L, index);
+  LUA_ASSERT(ttype(o) == TAG_TABLE, "table expected");
+  *L->top = *luaH_getnum(hvalue(o), n);
+  api_incr_top(L);
 }
 
 
@@ -266,12 +284,6 @@ void lua_getglobals (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
-void lua_gettagmethod (lua_State *L, int tag, const char *event) {
-  *L->top = *luaT_gettagmethod(L, tag, event);
-  api_incr_top(L);
-}
-
-
 int lua_getref (lua_State *L, int ref) {
   if (ref == LUA_REFNIL)
     ttype(L->top) = TAG_NIL;
@@ -300,41 +312,43 @@ void lua_newtable (lua_State *L) {
 
 
 void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
-  luaV_setglobal(L, luaS_new(L, name), L->top--);
-}
-
-
-void lua_settable (lua_State *L) {
   StkId top = L->top;
-  luaV_settable(L, top-3, top);
-  L->top = top-3;  /* pop table, index, and value */
+  luaV_setglobal(L, luaS_new(L, name));
+  L->top = top-1;  /* remove element from the top */
 }
 
 
-void lua_rawset (lua_State *L) {
-  LUA_ASSERT(ttype(L->top-3) == TAG_TABLE, "table expected");
-  *luaH_set(L, hvalue(L->top-3), L->top-2) = *(L->top-1);
-  L->top -= 3;
+void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int tableindex) {
+  StkId t = Index(L, tableindex);
+  StkId top = L->top;
+  luaV_settable(L, t, top-2);
+  L->top = top-2;  /* pop index and value */
+}
+
+
+void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int tableindex) {
+  StkId t = Index(L, tableindex);
+  LUA_ASSERT(ttype(t) == TAG_TABLE, "table expected");
+  *luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), L->top-2) = *(L->top-1);
+  L->top -= 2;
+}
+
+
+void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int index, int n) {
+  StkId o = Index(L, index);
+  LUA_ASSERT(ttype(o) == TAG_TABLE, "table expected");
+  *luaH_setint(L, hvalue(o), n) = *(L->top-1);
+  L->top--;
 }
 
 
 void lua_setglobals (lua_State *L) {
-  TObject *newtable = --L->top;
+  StkId newtable = --L->top;
   LUA_ASSERT(ttype(newtable) == TAG_TABLE, "table expected");
   L->gt = hvalue(newtable);
 }
 
 
-void lua_settagmethod (lua_State *L, int tag, const char *event) {
-  TObject *method = L->top - 1;
-  if (ttype(method) != TAG_NIL &&
-      ttype(method) != TAG_CCLOSURE &&
-      ttype(method) != TAG_LCLOSURE)
-    lua_error(L, "Lua API error - tag method must be a function or nil");
-  luaT_settagmethod(L, tag, event, method);
-}
-
-
 int lua_ref (lua_State *L,  int lock) {
   int ref;
   if (ttype(L->top-1) == TAG_NIL)
@@ -362,7 +376,6 @@ int lua_ref (lua_State *L,  int lock) {
 ** miscellaneous functions
 */
 
-
 void lua_settag (lua_State *L, int tag) {
   luaT_realtag(L, tag);
   switch (ttype(L->top-1)) {
@@ -389,8 +402,8 @@ void lua_unref (lua_State *L, int ref) {
 }
 
 
-int lua_next (lua_State *L) {
-  const TObject *t = Index(L, -2);
+int lua_next (lua_State *L, int tableindex) {
+  StkId t = Index(L, tableindex);
   Node *n;
   LUA_ASSERT(ttype(t) == TAG_TABLE, "table expected");
   n = luaH_next(L, hvalue(t), Index(L, -1));
@@ -401,7 +414,7 @@ int lua_next (lua_State *L) {
     return 1;
   }
   else {  /* no more elements */
-    L->top -= 2;  /* remove key and table */
+    L->top -= 1;  /* remove key */
     return 0;
   }
 }
@@ -427,3 +440,10 @@ int lua_getn (lua_State *L, int index) {
   }
 }
 
+
+void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n) {
+  StkId top = L->top;
+  luaV_strconc(L, n, top);
+  L->top = top-(n-1);
+}
+
diff --git a/ldblib.c b/ldblib.c
index 17edcda5..2d8c555f 100644
--- a/ldblib.c
+++ b/ldblib.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ldblib.c,v 1.18 2000/08/09 19:16:57 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ldblib.c,v 1.19 2000/08/28 17:57:04 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Interface from Lua to its debug API
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -18,18 +18,16 @@
 
 
 static void settabss (lua_State *L, const char *i, const char *v) {
-  lua_pushobject(L, -1);
   lua_pushstring(L, i);
   lua_pushstring(L, v);
-  lua_settable(L);
+  lua_settable(L, -3);
 }
 
 
 static void settabsi (lua_State *L, const char *i, int v) {
-  lua_pushobject(L, -1);
   lua_pushstring(L, i);
   lua_pushnumber(L, v);
-  lua_settable(L);
+  lua_settable(L, -3);
 }
 
 
@@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ static int getinfo (lua_State *L) {
     }
   }
   else if (lua_isfunction(L, 1)) {
-    lua_pushobject(L, 1);
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
     sprintf(buff, ">%.10s", options);
     options = buff;
   }
@@ -71,10 +69,9 @@ static int getinfo (lua_State *L) {
         settabss(L, "namewhat", ar.namewhat);
         break;
       case 'f':
-        lua_pushobject(L, -1);
         lua_pushstring(L, "func");
-        lua_pushobject(L, -4);
-        lua_settable(L);
+        lua_pushvalue(L, -3);
+        lua_settable(L, -3);
         break;
     }
   }
@@ -90,7 +87,7 @@ static int getlocal (lua_State *L) {
   name = lua_getlocal(L, &ar, luaL_check_int(L, 2));
   if (name) {
     lua_pushstring(L, name);
-    lua_pushobject(L, -2);
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
     return 2;
   }
   else {
diff --git a/liolib.c b/liolib.c
index 46d619c1..885db9bd 100644
--- a/liolib.c
+++ b/liolib.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: liolib.c,v 1.75 2000/08/31 13:30:10 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: liolib.c,v 1.76 2000/08/31 20:23:40 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Standard I/O (and system) library
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ static FILE *getfilebyref (lua_State *L, IOCtrl *ctrl, int inout) {
   FILE *f;
   lua_getglobals(L);
   lua_getref(L, ctrl->ref[inout]);
-  lua_rawget(L);
+  lua_rawget(L, -2);
   f = gethandle(L, ctrl, -1);
   if (f == NULL)
     luaL_verror(L, "global variable `%.10s' is not a file handle",
@@ -564,58 +564,77 @@ static int io_debug (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
-
-#define MESSAGESIZE	150
-#define MAXMESSAGE (MESSAGESIZE*10)
-
+#define LEVELS1	12	/* size of the first part of the stack */
+#define LEVELS2	10	/* size of the second part of the stack */
 
 static int errorfb (lua_State *L) {
-  char buff[MAXMESSAGE];
   int level = 1;  /* skip level 0 (it's this function) */
+  int firstpart = 1;  /* still before eventual `...' */
   lua_Debug ar;
-  sprintf(buff, "error: %.200s\n", lua_tostring(L, 1));
+  lua_settop(L, 1);
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, "string");
+  lua_pushstring(L, "error: ");
+  lua_insert(L, 1);
+  lua_pushstring(L, "\nstack traceback:\n");
+  lua_concat(L, 3);
   while (lua_getstack(L, level++, &ar)) {
+    char buff[120];  /* enough to fit following `sprintf's */
     char buffchunk[60];
+    int toconcat = 1;  /* number of strings in the stack to concat */
+    if (level > LEVELS1 && firstpart) {
+      /* no more than `LEVELS2' more levels? */
+      if (!lua_getstack(L, level+LEVELS2, &ar))
+        level--;  /* keep going */
+      else {
+        lua_pushstring(L, "       ...\n");  /* too many levels */
+        lua_concat(L, 2);
+        while (lua_getstack(L, level+LEVELS2, &ar))  /* get last levels */
+        level++;
+      }
+      firstpart = 0;
+      continue;
+    }
+    sprintf(buff, "%4d:  ", level-1);
+    lua_pushstring(L, buff); toconcat++;
     lua_getinfo(L, "Snl", &ar);
     luaL_chunkid(buffchunk, ar.source, sizeof(buffchunk));
-    if (level == 2) strcat(buff, "stack traceback:\n");
-    strcat(buff, "  ");
-    if (strlen(buff) > MAXMESSAGE-MESSAGESIZE) {
-      strcat(buff, "...\n");
-      break;  /* buffer is full */
-    }
     switch (*ar.namewhat) {
       case 'g':  case 'l':  /* global, local */
-        sprintf(buff+strlen(buff), "function `%.50s'", ar.name);
+        sprintf(buff, "function `%.50s'", ar.name);
         break;
       case 'f':  /* field */
-        sprintf(buff+strlen(buff), "method `%.50s'", ar.name);
+        sprintf(buff, "method `%.50s'", ar.name);
         break;
       case 't':  /* tag method */
-        sprintf(buff+strlen(buff), "`%.50s' tag method", ar.name);
+        sprintf(buff, "`%.50s' tag method", ar.name);
         break;
       default: {
         if (*ar.what == 'm')  /* main? */
-          sprintf(buff+strlen(buff), "main of %.70s", buffchunk);
+          sprintf(buff, "main of %.70s", buffchunk);
         else if (*ar.what == 'C')  /* C function? */
-          sprintf(buff+strlen(buff), "%.70s", buffchunk);
+          sprintf(buff, "%.70s", buffchunk);
         else
-          sprintf(buff+strlen(buff), "function <%d:%.70s>",
-                  ar.linedefined, buffchunk);
+          sprintf(buff, "function <%d:%.70s>", ar.linedefined, buffchunk);
         ar.source = NULL;
       }
     }
-    if (ar.currentline > 0)
-      sprintf(buff+strlen(buff), " at line %d", ar.currentline);
-    if (ar.source)
-      sprintf(buff+strlen(buff), " [%.70s]", buffchunk);
-    strcat(buff, "\n");
+    lua_pushstring(L, buff); toconcat++;
+    if (ar.currentline > 0) {
+      sprintf(buff, " at line %d", ar.currentline);
+      lua_pushstring(L, buff); toconcat++;
+    }
+    if (ar.source) {
+      sprintf(buff, " [%.70s]", buffchunk);
+      lua_pushstring(L, buff); toconcat++;
+    }
+    lua_pushstring(L, "\n"); toconcat++;
+    lua_concat(L, toconcat);
   }
   lua_getglobals(L);
   lua_pushstring(L, LUA_ALERT);
-  lua_rawget(L);
+  lua_rawget(L, -2);
   if (lua_isfunction(L, -1)) {  /* avoid loop if _ALERT is not defined */
-    lua_pushstring(L, buff);
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -3);  /* error message */
     lua_call(L, 1, 0);
   }
   return 0;
diff --git a/lstate.c b/lstate.c
index 7e264565..f5d5b67c 100644
--- a/lstate.c
+++ b/lstate.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lstate.c,v 1.34 2000/08/28 17:57:04 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lstate.c,v 1.35 2000/08/31 13:30:39 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Global State
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 #include "lua.h"
 
-#include "lbuiltin.h"
 #include "ldo.h"
 #include "lgc.h"
 #include "llex.h"
@@ -20,7 +19,13 @@
 #include "ltm.h"
 
 
-lua_State *lua_newstate (int stacksize, int put_builtin) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+extern lua_State *lua_state;
+void luaB_opentests (lua_State *L);
+#endif
+
+
+lua_State *lua_newstate (int stacksize) {
   struct lua_longjmp myErrorJmp;
   lua_State *L = luaM_new(NULL, lua_State);
   if (L == NULL) return NULL;  /* memory allocation error */
@@ -54,8 +59,9 @@ lua_State *lua_newstate (int stacksize, int put_builtin) {
     luaS_init(L);
     luaX_init(L);
     luaT_init(L);
-    if (put_builtin)
-      luaB_predefine(L);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    luaB_opentests(L);
+#endif
     L->GCthreshold = L->nblocks*4;
     L->errorJmp = NULL;
     return L;
@@ -67,10 +73,6 @@ lua_State *lua_newstate (int stacksize, int put_builtin) {
 }
 
 
-#ifdef DEBUG
-extern lua_State *lua_state;
-#endif
-
 void lua_close (lua_State *L) {
   luaC_collect(L, 1);  /* collect all elements */
   LUA_ASSERT(L->rootproto == NULL, "list should be empty");
@@ -83,6 +85,7 @@ void lua_close (lua_State *L) {
   luaM_free(L, L->Mbuffer);
   LUA_ASSERT(L->nblocks == 0, "wrong count for nblocks");
   luaM_free(L, L);
+  LUA_ASSERT(L->Cbase == L->stack, "stack not empty");
   LUA_ASSERT(L != lua_state || memdebug_numblocks == 0, "memory leak!");
   LUA_ASSERT(L != lua_state || memdebug_total == 0,"memory leak!");
 }
diff --git a/lstrlib.c b/lstrlib.c
index 827a59ff..6cdd87da 100644
--- a/lstrlib.c
+++ b/lstrlib.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lstrlib.c,v 1.49 2000/08/31 13:30:22 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lstrlib.c,v 1.50 2000/08/31 20:23:40 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Standard library for string operations and pattern-matching
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ static void add_s (lua_State *L, struct Capture *cap) {
     size_t oldbuff;
     int n;
     const char *s;
-    lua_pushobject(L, 3);
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 3);
     n = push_captures(L, cap);
     /* function may use buffer, so save it and create a new one */
     oldbuff = luaL_newbuffer(L, 0);
diff --git a/ltests.c b/ltests.c
index 79b6d970..92c543d6 100644
--- a/ltests.c
+++ b/ltests.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ltests.c,v 1.38 2000/08/31 13:29:47 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ltests.c,v 1.39 2000/08/31 20:23:40 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Internal Module for Debugging of the Lua Implementation
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -38,10 +38,9 @@ void luaB_opentests (lua_State *L);
 
 
 static void setnameval (lua_State *L, const char *name, int val) {
-  lua_pushobject(L, -1);
   lua_pushstring(L, name);
   lua_pushnumber(L, val);
-  lua_settable(L);
+  lua_settable(L, -3);
 }
 
 
@@ -100,10 +99,9 @@ static int listcode (lua_State *L) {
   setnameval(L, "numparams", p->numparams);
   pc = 0;
   do {
-    lua_pushobject(L, -1);
     lua_pushnumber(L, pc+1);
     res = pushop(L, p, pc++);
-    lua_settable(L);
+    lua_settable(L, -3);
   } while (res);
   return 1;
 }
@@ -116,10 +114,9 @@ static int liststrings (lua_State *L) {
   p = clvalue(luaA_index(L, 1))->f.l;
   lua_newtable(L);
   for (i=0; i<p->nkstr; i++) {
-    lua_pushobject(L, -1);
     lua_pushnumber(L, i+1);
     lua_pushstring(L, p->kstr[i]->str);
-    lua_settable(L);
+    lua_settable(L, -3);
   }
   return 1;
 }
@@ -241,7 +238,7 @@ static int string_query (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int tref (lua_State *L) {
   luaL_checktype(L, 1, "any");
-  lua_pushobject(L, 1);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
   lua_pushnumber(L, lua_ref(L, luaL_opt_int(L, 2, 1)));
   return 1;
 }
@@ -270,7 +267,7 @@ static int udataval (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 static int newstate (lua_State *L) {
-  lua_State *L1 = lua_newstate(luaL_check_int(L, 1), luaL_check_int(L, 2));
+  lua_State *L1 = lua_newstate(luaL_check_int(L, 1));
   if (L1)
     lua_pushuserdata(L, L1);
   else
@@ -390,17 +387,20 @@ static int testC (lua_State *L) {
     else if EQ("pushnum") {
       lua_pushnumber(L, getnum);
     }
-    else if EQ("pushobject") {
-      lua_pushobject(L, getnum);
+    else if EQ("pushvalue") {
+      lua_pushvalue(L, getnum);
     }
-    else if EQ("move") {
-      lua_move(L, getnum);
+    else if EQ("remove") {
+      lua_remove(L, getnum);
     }
     else if EQ("insert") {
       lua_insert(L, getnum);
     }
     else if EQ("next") {
-      lua_next(L);
+      lua_next(L, -2);
+    }
+    else if EQ("concat") {
+      lua_concat(L, getnum);
     }
     else if EQ("call") {
       int narg = getnum;
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ static const struct luaL_reg tests_funcs[] = {
 void luaB_opentests (lua_State *L) {
   lua_newtable(L);
   lua_getglobals(L);
-  lua_pushobject(L, -2);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
   lua_setglobals(L);
   luaL_openl(L, tests_funcs);  /* open functions inside new table */
   lua_setglobals(L);  /* restore old table of globals */
diff --git a/ltm.c b/ltm.c
index 1cb7647f..3d59b9a0 100644
--- a/ltm.c
+++ b/ltm.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ltm.c,v 1.45 2000/08/07 20:21:34 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ltm.c,v 1.46 2000/08/09 19:16:57 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Tag methods
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -119,20 +119,23 @@ int luaT_effectivetag (lua_State *L, const TObject *o) {
 }
 
 
-const TObject *luaT_gettagmethod (lua_State *L, int t, const char *event) {
+void lua_gettagmethod (lua_State *L, int t, const char *event) {
   int e;
   e = luaI_checkevent(L, event, t);
   checktag(L, t);
   if (luaT_validevent(t, e))
-    return luaT_getim(L, t,e);
+    *L->top = *luaT_getim(L, t,e);
   else
-    return &luaO_nilobject;
+    ttype(L->top) = TAG_NIL;
+  L->top++;
 }
 
 
-void luaT_settagmethod (lua_State *L, int t, const char *event, TObject *func) {
+void lua_settagmethod (lua_State *L, int t, const char *event) {
   TObject temp;
   int e;
+  LUA_ASSERT(lua_isnil(L, -1) || lua_isfunction(L, -1),
+             "function or nil expected");
   e = luaI_checkevent(L, event, t);
   checktag(L, t);
   if (!luaT_validevent(t, e))
@@ -140,8 +143,8 @@ void luaT_settagmethod (lua_State *L, int t, const char *event, TObject *func) {
                 luaT_eventname[e], luaO_typenames[t],
                 (t == TAG_TABLE || t == TAG_USERDATA) ? " with default tag"
                                                           : "");
-  temp = *func;
-  *func = *luaT_getim(L, t,e);
+  temp = *(L->top - 1);
+  *(L->top - 1) = *luaT_getim(L, t,e);
   *luaT_getim(L, t, e) = temp;
 }
 
diff --git a/ltm.h b/ltm.h
index 2a4510a0..2d15b3ef 100644
--- a/ltm.h
+++ b/ltm.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ltm.h,v 1.13 2000/05/30 18:54:49 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ltm.h,v 1.14 2000/08/07 20:21:34 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Tag methods
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -50,8 +50,6 @@ extern const char *const luaT_eventname[];
 void luaT_init (lua_State *L);
 void luaT_realtag (lua_State *L, int tag);
 int luaT_effectivetag (lua_State *L, const TObject *o);
-void luaT_settagmethod (lua_State *L, int t, const char *event, TObject *func);
-const TObject *luaT_gettagmethod (lua_State *L, int t, const char *event);
 int luaT_validevent (int t, int e);  /* used by compatibility module */
 
 
diff --git a/lua.c b/lua.c
index 577ada06..05da8bfb 100644
--- a/lua.c
+++ b/lua.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lua.c,v 1.48 2000/08/31 14:28:17 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lua.c,v 1.49 2000/08/31 20:23:40 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Lua stand-alone interpreter
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ extern void USERINIT (void);
 #else
 #define USERINIT	userinit
 static void userinit (void) {
+  lua_baselibopen(L);
   lua_iolibopen(L);
   lua_strlibopen(L);
   lua_mathlibopen(L);
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ static void print_message (void) {
   fprintf(stderr,
   "usage: lua [options].  Available options are:\n"
   "  -        execute stdin as a file\n"
-  "  -c       close lua when exiting\n"
+  "  -c       close Lua when exiting\n"
   "  -e stat  execute string `stat'\n"
   "  -f name  execute file `name' with remaining arguments in table `arg'\n"
   "  -i       enter interactive mode with prompt\n"
@@ -134,12 +135,14 @@ static void getargs (char *argv[]) {
   lua_newtable(L);
   for (i=0; argv[i]; i++) {
     /* arg[i] = argv[i] */
-    lua_pushobject(L, -1); lua_pushnumber(L, i);
-    lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]); lua_settable(L);
+    lua_pushnumber(L, i);
+    lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]);
+    lua_settable(L, -3);
   }
   /* arg.n = maximum index in table `arg' */
-  lua_pushobject(L, -1); lua_pushstring(L, "n");
-  lua_pushnumber(L, i-1); lua_settable(L);
+  lua_pushstring(L, "n");
+  lua_pushnumber(L, i-1);
+  lua_settable(L, -3);
 }
 
 
@@ -311,7 +314,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
   int status;
   opt.toclose = 0;
   getstacksize(argc, argv, &opt);  /* handle option `-s' */
-  L = lua_newstate(opt.stacksize, 1);  /* create state */
+  L = lua_newstate(opt.stacksize);  /* create state */
   USERINIT();  /* open libraries */
   register_getargs(argv);  /* create `getargs' function */
   status = handle_argv(argv+1, &opt);
diff --git a/lua.h b/lua.h
index e81030d3..2b51deab 100644
--- a/lua.h
+++ b/lua.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lua.h,v 1.64 2000/08/31 20:23:40 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lua.h,v 1.65 2000/08/31 21:01:43 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Lua - An Extensible Extension Language
 ** TeCGraf: Grupo de Tecnologia em Computacao Grafica, PUC-Rio, Brazil
 ** e-mail: lua@tecgraf.puc-rio.br
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);
 /*
 ** state manipulation
 */
-lua_State     *lua_newstate (int stacksize, int builtin);
+lua_State     *lua_newstate (int stacksize);
 void           lua_close (lua_State *L);
 
 
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ void           lua_close (lua_State *L);
 */
 int            lua_gettop (lua_State *L);
 void           lua_settop (lua_State *L, int index);
-void           lua_pushobject (lua_State *L, int index);
-void           lua_move (lua_State *L, int index);
+void           lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int index);
+void           lua_remove (lua_State *L, int index);
 void           lua_insert (lua_State *L, int index);
 int            lua_stackspace (lua_State *L);
 
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ int            lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int index);
 int            lua_tag (lua_State *L, int index);
 
 int            lua_equal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);
+int            lua_lessthan (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);
 
 double         lua_tonumber (lua_State *L, int index);
 const char    *lua_tostring (lua_State *L, int index);
@@ -101,8 +102,9 @@ void           lua_pushusertag (lua_State *L, void *u, int tag);
 ** get functions (Lua -> stack)
 */
 void           lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);
-void           lua_gettable (lua_State *L);
-void           lua_rawget (lua_State *L);
+void           lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int tableindex);
+void           lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int tableindex);
+void           lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int tableindex, int n);
 void           lua_getglobals (lua_State *L);
 void           lua_gettagmethod (lua_State *L, int tag, const char *event);
 
@@ -115,8 +117,9 @@ void           lua_newtable (lua_State *L);
 ** set functions (stack -> Lua)
 */
 void           lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);
-void           lua_settable (lua_State *L);
-void           lua_rawset (lua_State *L);
+void           lua_settable (lua_State *L, int tableindex);
+void           lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int tableindex);
+void           lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int tableindex, int n);
 void           lua_setglobals (lua_State *L);
 void           lua_settagmethod (lua_State *L, int tag, const char *event);
 int            lua_ref (lua_State *L, int lock);
@@ -145,9 +148,10 @@ void	       lua_unref (lua_State *L, int ref);
 
 long	       lua_collectgarbage (lua_State *L, long limit);
 
-int            lua_next (lua_State *L);
-int            lua_getn (lua_State *L, int index);
+int            lua_next (lua_State *L, int tableindex);
+int            lua_getn (lua_State *L, int tableindex);
 
+void           lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n);
 
 
 /* 
diff --git a/lualib.h b/lualib.h
index 0a0fbe24..463951ab 100644
--- a/lualib.h
+++ b/lualib.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lualib.h,v 1.9 2000/06/16 17:22:43 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lualib.h,v 1.10 2000/08/09 19:16:57 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Lua standard libraries
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 #include "lua.h"
 
+void lua_baselibopen (lua_State *L);
 void lua_iolibopen (lua_State *L);
 void lua_strlibopen (lua_State *L);
 void lua_mathlibopen (lua_State *L);
@@ -17,26 +18,6 @@ void lua_dblibopen (lua_State *L);
 
 
 
-/* 
-** ===============================================================
-** Macros (and functions) for single-state use
-** ===============================================================
-*/
-
-#ifdef LUA_SINGLESTATE
-
-#define lua_iolibopen()		(lua_iolibopen)(lua_state)
-#define lua_strlibopen()	(lua_strlibopen)(lua_state)
-#define lua_mathlibopen()	(lua_mathlibopen)(lua_state)
-#define lua_dblibopen()		(lua_dblibopen)(lua_state)
-
-/* this function should be used only in single-state mode */
-void lua_userinit (void);
-
-#endif
-
-
-
 /* Auxiliary functions (private) */
 
 const char *luaI_classend (lua_State *L, const char *p);
diff --git a/lvm.c b/lvm.c
index a2aa456e..a8e81dd5 100644
--- a/lvm.c
+++ b/lvm.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lvm.c,v 1.132 2000/08/31 14:08:27 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lvm.c,v 1.133 2000/08/31 21:02:55 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Lua virtual machine
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -112,10 +112,10 @@ void luaV_Lclosure (lua_State *L, Proto *l, int nelems) {
 
 /*
 ** Function to index a table.
-** Receives the table at top-2 and the index at top-1.
+** Receives the table at `t' and the key at top.
 */
-void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, StkId top) {
-  StkId t = top-2;
+const TObject *luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, StkId t) {
+  const TObject *im;
   int tg;
   if (ttype(t) == TAG_TABLE &&  /* `t' is a table? */
       ((tg = hvalue(t)->htag) == TAG_TABLE ||  /* with default tag? */
@@ -123,46 +123,49 @@ void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, StkId top) {
     /* do a primitive get */
     const TObject *h = luaH_get(L, hvalue(t), t+1);
     /* result is no nil or there is no `index' tag method? */
-    const TObject *im;
     if (ttype(h) != TAG_NIL ||
         (ttype(im=luaT_getim(L, tg, IM_INDEX)) == TAG_NIL))
-      *t = *h;  /* put result into table position */
-    else {  /* call `index' tag method */
-      L->top = top;
-      luaD_callTM(L, im, 2, 1);
-    }
+      return h;  /* return result */
+    /* else call `index' tag method */
   }
   else {  /* try a 'gettable' TM */
-    const TObject *im = luaT_getimbyObj(L, t, IM_GETTABLE);
-    L->top = top;
-    if (ttype(im) != TAG_NIL)  /* call `gettable' tag method */
-      luaD_callTM(L, im, 2, 1);
-    else  /* no tag method */
-      luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
+    im = luaT_getimbyObj(L, t, IM_GETTABLE);
+  }
+  if (ttype(im) != TAG_NIL) {  /* is there a tag method? */
+    luaD_checkstack(L, 2);
+    *(L->top+1) = *(L->top-1);  /* key */
+    *L->top = *t;  /* table */
+    *(L->top-1) = *im;  /* tag method */
+    L->top += 2;
+    luaD_call(L, L->top - 3, 1);
+    return L->top - 1;  /* call result */
+  }
+  else {  /* no tag method */
+    luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
+    return NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
   }
 }
 
 
 /*
-** Receives table at *t, index at *(t+1) and value at `top'.
+** Receives table at `t', key at `key' and value at top.
 */
-void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, StkId t, StkId top) {
+void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, StkId t, StkId key) {
   int tg;
   if (ttype(t) == TAG_TABLE &&  /* `t' is a table? */
       ((tg = hvalue(t)->htag) == TAG_TABLE ||  /* with default tag? */
         ttype(luaT_getim(L, tg, IM_SETTABLE)) == TAG_NIL)) /* or no TM? */
-    *luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), t+1) = *(top-1);  /* do a primitive set */
+    *luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), key) = *(L->top-1);  /* do a primitive set */
   else {  /* try a `settable' tag method */
     const TObject *im = luaT_getimbyObj(L, t, IM_SETTABLE);
-    L->top = top;
     if (ttype(im) != TAG_NIL) {
       luaD_checkstack(L, 3);
-      *(top+2) = *(top-1);
-      *(top+1) = *(t+1);
-      *(top) = *t;
-      *(top-1) = *im;
-      L->top = top+3;
-      luaD_call(L, top-1, 0);  /* call `settable' tag method */
+      *(L->top+2) = *(L->top-1);
+      *(L->top+1) = *key;
+      *(L->top) = *t;
+      *(L->top-1) = *im;
+      L->top += 3;
+      luaD_call(L, L->top - 4, 0);  /* call `settable' tag method */
     }
     else  /* no tag method... */
       luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
@@ -170,49 +173,48 @@ void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, StkId t, StkId top) {
 }
 
 
-void luaV_getglobal (lua_State *L, TString *s, StkId top) {
+const TObject *luaV_getglobal (lua_State *L, TString *s) {
   const TObject *value = luaH_getstr(L->gt, s);
   TObject *im = luaT_getimbyObj(L, value, IM_GETGLOBAL);
   if (ttype(im) == TAG_NIL)  /* is there a tag method? */
-    *top = *value;  /* default behavior */
+    return value;  /* default behavior */
   else {  /* tag method */
-    L->top = top;
     luaD_checkstack(L, 3);
-    *top = *im;
-    ttype(top+1) = TAG_STRING;
-    tsvalue(top+1) = s;  /* global name */
-    *(top+2) = *value;
-    L->top = top+3;
-    luaD_call(L, top, 1);
+    *L->top = *im;
+    ttype(L->top+1) = TAG_STRING;
+    tsvalue(L->top+1) = s;  /* global name */
+    *(L->top+2) = *value;
+    L->top += 3;
+    luaD_call(L, L->top - 3, 1);
+    return L->top - 1;
   }
 }
 
 
-void luaV_setglobal (lua_State *L, TString *s, StkId top) {
+void luaV_setglobal (lua_State *L, TString *s) {
   const TObject *oldvalue = luaH_getstr(L->gt, s);
   const TObject *im = luaT_getimbyObj(L, oldvalue, IM_SETGLOBAL);
   if (ttype(im) == TAG_NIL) {  /* is there a tag method? */
     if (oldvalue != &luaO_nilobject) {
       /* cast to remove `const' is OK, because `oldvalue' != luaO_nilobject */
-      *(TObject *)oldvalue = *(top-1);
+      *(TObject *)oldvalue = *(L->top - 1);
     }
     else {
       TObject key;
       ttype(&key) = TAG_STRING;
       tsvalue(&key) = s;
-      *luaH_set(L, L->gt, &key) = *(top-1);
+      *luaH_set(L, L->gt, &key) = *(L->top - 1);
     }
   }
   else {
-    L->top = top;
     luaD_checkstack(L, 3);
-    *(top+2) = *(top-1);  /* new value */
-    *(top+1) = *oldvalue;
-    ttype(top) = TAG_STRING;
-    tsvalue(top) = s;
-    *(top-1) = *im;
-    L->top = top+3;
-    luaD_call(L, top-1, 0);
+    *(L->top+2) = *(L->top-1);  /* new value */
+    *(L->top+1) = *oldvalue;
+    ttype(L->top) = TAG_STRING;
+    tsvalue(L->top) = s;
+    *(L->top-1) = *im;
+    L->top += 3;
+    luaD_call(L, L->top - 4, 0);
   }
 }
 
@@ -280,7 +282,7 @@ int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TObject *l, const TObject *r, StkId top)
 }
 
 
-static void strconc (lua_State *L, int total, StkId top) {
+void luaV_strconc (lua_State *L, int total, StkId top) {
   do {
     int n = 2;  /* number of elements handled in this pass (at least 2) */
     if (tostring(L, top-2) || tostring(L, top-1)) {
@@ -425,26 +427,28 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
         break;
       }
       case OP_GETGLOBAL: {
-        luaV_getglobal(L, kstr[GETARG_U(i)], top);
+        L->top = top;
+        *top = *luaV_getglobal(L, kstr[GETARG_U(i)]);
         top++;
         break;
       }
       case OP_GETTABLE: {
-        luaV_gettable(L, top);
+        L->top = top;
         top--;
+        *(top-1) = *luaV_gettable(L, top-1);
         break;
       }
       case OP_GETDOTTED: {
         ttype(top) = TAG_STRING;
-        tsvalue(top++) = kstr[GETARG_U(i)];
-        luaV_gettable(L, top);
-        top--;
+        tsvalue(top) = kstr[GETARG_U(i)];
+        L->top = top+1;
+        *(top-1) = *luaV_gettable(L, top-1);
         break;
       }
       case OP_GETINDEXED: {
-        *top++ = *(base+GETARG_U(i));
-        luaV_gettable(L, top);
-        top--;
+        *top = *(base+GETARG_U(i));
+        L->top = top+1;
+        *(top-1) = *luaV_gettable(L, top-1);
         break;
       }
       case OP_PUSHSELF: {
@@ -452,7 +456,8 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
         receiver = *(top-1);
         ttype(top) = TAG_STRING;
         tsvalue(top++) = kstr[GETARG_U(i)];
-        luaV_gettable(L, top);
+        L->top = top;
+        *(top-2) = *luaV_gettable(L, top-2);
         *(top-1) = receiver;
         break;
       }
@@ -469,12 +474,15 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
         break;
       }
       case OP_SETGLOBAL: {
-        luaV_setglobal(L, kstr[GETARG_U(i)], top);
+        L->top = top;
+        luaV_setglobal(L, kstr[GETARG_U(i)]);
         top--;
         break;
       }
       case OP_SETTABLE: {
-        luaV_settable(L, top-GETARG_A(i), top);
+        StkId t = top-GETARG_A(i);
+        L->top = top;
+        luaV_settable(L, t, t+1);
         top -= GETARG_B(i);  /* pop values */
         break;
       }
@@ -548,7 +556,7 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
       }
       case OP_CONCAT: {
         int n = GETARG_U(i);
-        strconc(L, n, top);
+        luaV_strconc(L, n, top);
         top -= n-1;
         L->top = top;
         luaC_checkGC(L);
diff --git a/lvm.h b/lvm.h
index 5783c209..e74eaf30 100644
--- a/lvm.h
+++ b/lvm.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lvm.h,v 1.24 2000/08/29 14:41:56 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lvm.h,v 1.25 2000/08/31 21:02:55 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Lua virtual machine
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -19,13 +19,14 @@
 
 int luaV_tonumber (TObject *obj);
 int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, TObject *obj);
-void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, StkId top);
-void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, StkId t, StkId top);
-void luaV_getglobal (lua_State *L, TString *s, StkId top);
-void luaV_setglobal (lua_State *L, TString *s, StkId top);
+const TObject *luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, StkId t);
+void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, StkId t, StkId key);
+const TObject *luaV_getglobal (lua_State *L, TString *s);
+void luaV_setglobal (lua_State *L, TString *s);
 StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base);
 void luaV_Cclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction c, int nelems);
 void luaV_Lclosure (lua_State *L, Proto *l, int nelems);
 int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TObject *l, const TObject *r, StkId top);
+void luaV_strconc (lua_State *L, int total, StkId top);
 
 #endif