diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 67ffefde..495e8a67 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs", "--html-in-header", "katex-header.html"]
 aes = "0.8"
 bitvec = "1"
 blake2b_simd = "1"
-bridgetree = { version = "0.2", optional = true }
 ff = "0.13"
 fpe = "0.6"
 group = { version = "0.13", features = ["wnaf-memuse"] }
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ bench = false
 default = ["multicore"]
 multicore = ["halo2_proofs/multicore"]
 dev-graph = ["halo2_proofs/dev-graph", "image", "plotters"]
-test-dependencies = ["bridgetree", "proptest"]
+test-dependencies = ["proptest"]
 
 [[bench]]
 name = "note_decryption"
@@ -93,5 +92,5 @@ debug = true
 debug = true
 
 [patch.crates-io]
-bridgetree = { git = "https://github.com/zcash/incrementalmerkletree.git", rev = "ea1686e8f8f6c1e41aa97251a7eb4fadfd33df47" }
-incrementalmerkletree = { git = "https://github.com/zcash/incrementalmerkletree.git", rev = "ea1686e8f8f6c1e41aa97251a7eb4fadfd33df47" }
+bridgetree = { git = "https://github.com/zcash/incrementalmerkletree.git", rev = "62f0c9039b0bee94c16c40c272e19c5922290664" }
+incrementalmerkletree = { git = "https://github.com/zcash/incrementalmerkletree.git", rev = "62f0c9039b0bee94c16c40c272e19c5922290664" }
diff --git a/src/builder.rs b/src/builder.rs
index 27628695..b2d747b7 100644
--- a/src/builder.rs
+++ b/src/builder.rs
@@ -759,8 +759,8 @@ impl OutputView for RecipientInfo {
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-dependencies"))]
 #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "test-dependencies")))]
 pub mod testing {
-    use bridgetree::BridgeTree;
     use core::fmt::Debug;
+    use incrementalmerkletree::{frontier::Frontier, Hashable};
     use rand::{rngs::StdRng, CryptoRng, SeedableRng};
 
     use proptest::collection::vec;
@@ -852,23 +852,26 @@ pub mod testing {
             ),
             rng_seed in prop::array::uniform32(prop::num::u8::ANY)
         ) -> ArbitraryBundleInputs<StdRng> {
-            const MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD: u8 = crate::constants::MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD as u8;
-            let mut tree = BridgeTree::<MerkleHashOrchard, u32, MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD>::new(100, 0);
+            use crate::constants::MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD;
+            let mut frontier = Frontier::<MerkleHashOrchard, { MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD as u8 }>::empty();
             let mut notes_and_auth_paths: Vec<(Note, MerklePath)> = Vec::new();
 
             for note in notes.iter() {
                 let leaf = MerkleHashOrchard::from_cmx(&note.commitment().into());
-                tree.append(leaf);
-                let position = tree.mark().expect("tree is not empty");
+                frontier.append(leaf);
 
-                let path = MerklePath::from((position, tree.witness(position, 0).expect("we just witnessed the path")));
-                notes_and_auth_paths.push((*note, path));
+                let path = frontier
+                    .witness(|addr| Some(<MerkleHashOrchard as Hashable>::empty_root(addr.level())))
+                    .ok()
+                    .flatten()
+                    .expect("we can always construct a correct Merkle path");
+                notes_and_auth_paths.push((*note, path.into()));
             }
 
             ArbitraryBundleInputs {
                 rng: StdRng::from_seed(rng_seed),
                 sk,
-                anchor: tree.root(0).unwrap().into(),
+                anchor: frontier.root().into(),
                 notes: notes_and_auth_paths,
                 recipient_amounts
             }
diff --git a/src/tree.rs b/src/tree.rs
index 59adefdb..ba68265a 100644
--- a/src/tree.rs
+++ b/src/tree.rs
@@ -95,6 +95,16 @@ impl From<(incrementalmerkletree::Position, Vec<MerkleHashOrchard>)> for MerkleP
     }
 }
 
+impl From<incrementalmerkletree::MerklePath<MerkleHashOrchard, 32>> for MerklePath {
+    fn from(path: incrementalmerkletree::MerklePath<MerkleHashOrchard, 32>) -> Self {
+        let position: u64 = path.position().into();
+        Self {
+            position: position as u32,
+            auth_path: path.path_elems().try_into().unwrap(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl MerklePath {
     /// Generates a dummy Merkle path for use in dummy spent notes.
     pub(crate) fn dummy(mut rng: &mut impl RngCore) -> Self {
@@ -243,11 +253,8 @@ impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for MerkleHashOrchard {
     }
 }
 
-/// Generators for property testing.
-#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-dependencies"))]
-#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "test-dependencies")))]
-pub mod testing {
-    #[cfg(test)]
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
     use {
         crate::tree::{MerkleHashOrchard, EMPTY_ROOTS},
         bridgetree::{BridgeTree, Frontier as BridgeFrontier},
@@ -264,7 +271,7 @@ pub mod testing {
             assert_eq!(tv_empty_roots[height], root.to_bytes());
         }
 
-        let mut tree = BridgeTree::<MerkleHashOrchard, u32, 4>::new(100, 0);
+        let mut tree = BridgeTree::<MerkleHashOrchard, u32, 4>::new(100);
         for (i, tv) in crate::test_vectors::merkle_path::test_vectors()
             .into_iter()
             .enumerate()
@@ -272,7 +279,7 @@ pub mod testing {
             let cmx = MerkleHashOrchard::from_bytes(&tv.leaves[i]).unwrap();
             tree.append(cmx);
             let position = tree.mark().expect("tree is not empty");
-            assert_eq!(position, i.into());
+            assert_eq!(position, (i as u64).into());
 
             let root = tree.root(0).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(root.0, pallas::Base::from_repr(tv.root).unwrap());
diff --git a/tests/builder.rs b/tests/builder.rs
index eb181783..8cda6e70 100644
--- a/tests/builder.rs
+++ b/tests/builder.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ fn bundle_chain() {
         // Use the tree with a single leaf.
         let cmx: ExtractedNoteCommitment = note.commitment().into();
         let leaf = MerkleHashOrchard::from_cmx(&cmx);
-        let mut tree = BridgeTree::<MerkleHashOrchard, u32, 32>::new(100, 0);
+        let mut tree = BridgeTree::<MerkleHashOrchard, u32, 32>::new(100);
         tree.append(leaf);
         let position = tree.mark().unwrap();
         let root = tree.root(0).unwrap();