mirror of https://github.com/zcash/zips.git
Include signature hash & auth commitment sections.
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zip-0244.rst
342
zip-0244.rst
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@ -137,28 +137,48 @@ In the specification below, nodes of the tree are presented in depth-first order
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--------------
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the following values ::
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* ``header_digest`` (32-byte hash output)
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* ``transparent_digest`` (32-byte hash output)
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* ``sprout_digest (32-byte hash output)
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* ``sapling_digest (32-byte hash output)
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* T.1: ``header_digest`` (32-byte hash output)
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* T.2: ``transparent_digest`` (32-byte hash output)
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* T.3: ``sprout_digest (32-byte hash output)
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* T.4: ``sapling_digest (32-byte hash output)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZcashTxHash_" || CONSENSUS_BRANCH_ID
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As in ZIP 143 [#zip-0143]_, CONSENSUS_BRANCH_ID is the 4-byte little-endian encoding of
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the consensus branch ID for the epoch of the block containing the transaction. Domain
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separation of the transaction id hash across parallel consensus branches provides replay
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protection: transactions targeted for one consensus branch will not have the same
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transaction identifier on other consensus branches.
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T.1: ``header_digest``
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`````````````````````````
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the following values ::
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* T.1a. ``version`` (4-byte little-endian version identifier including overwinter flag)
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* T.1b. ``version_group_id`` (4-byte little-endian version group identifier)
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* T.1c. ``consensus_branch_id`` (4-byte little-endian consensus branch id)
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* T.1d. ``lock_time`` (4-byte little-endian nLockTime value)
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* T.1e. ``expiry_height`` (4-byte little-endian block height)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdHeadersHash"
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1: ``transparent_digest``
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T.2: ``transparent_digest``
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`````````````````````````
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the following values ::
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* 1a. ``prevouts_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* 1b. ``sequence_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* 1c. ``outputs_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* T.2a. ``prevouts_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* T.2b. ``sequence_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* T.2c. ``outputs_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdTranspaHash"
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1a: ``prevouts_digest``
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T.2a: ``prevouts_digest``
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'''''''''''''''''''''''
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the field encoding of all ``outpoint``
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field values of transparent inputs to the transaction.
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@ -167,7 +187,7 @@ The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdPrevoutHash"
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1b: ``sequence_digest``
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T.2b: ``sequence_digest``
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'''''''''''''''''''''''
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the 32-bit little-endian representation of all ``nSequence``
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field values of transparent inputs to the transaction.
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@ -176,29 +196,36 @@ The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdSequencHash"
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1c: ``outputs_digest``
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T.2c: ``outputs_digest``
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''''''''''''''''''''''
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the field encoding of all transparent outputs
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belonging to the transaction.
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the field encodings of all ``prevout`` field values of
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transparent inputs belonging to the transaction.
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdOutputsHash"
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2: ``sprout_digest``
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T.3: ``sprout_digest``
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`````````````````````````
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the field encoding of all Sprout ``JoinSplit`` components of the
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transaction followed by the field encoding of the ``joinSplitPubKey`` value. This is
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equivalent to the internal hash that is specified by ZIP 143 [#zip-0143]_ over the Sprout
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data, with the distinction that the unmodified hash finalized immediately after
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initialization with the personalization string is used in the case that no ``JoinSplit``
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components exist, rather than the ``uint256`` of ``0x0000...0000``.
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the non-authorizing components of Sprout ``JSDescription`` values
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belonging to the transaction. For each ``JSDescription``, the following elements are
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appended to the hash ::
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* T.3a. ``vpub_old`` (8-byte signed little-endian)
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* T.3b. ``vpub_new`` (8-byte signed little-endian)
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* T.3c. ``anchor`` (32 bytes)
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* T.3d. ``nullifiers`` (2 x 32 bytes)
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* T.3e. ``commitments`` (2 x 32 bytes)
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* T.3f. ``ephemeral_key`` (32 bytes)
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* T.3g. ``random_seed`` (32 bytes)
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* T.3h. ``macs`` (2 x 32 bytes)
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* T.3i. ``ciphertexts`` (2 x 601 bytes)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdJSplitsHash"
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3: ``sapling_digest``
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T.4: ``sapling_digest``
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`````````````````````
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The digest of Sapling components is composed of two subtrees which are organized to
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permit easy interoperability with the ``CompactBlock`` representation of Sapling data
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@ -206,26 +233,26 @@ specified by the ZIP 307 Light Client Protocol [#zip-0307]_.
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This digest is a BLAKE2b-256 hash of the following values ::
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* 3a. ``sapling_spends_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* 3b. ``sapling_outputs_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* 3c. ``valueBalance`` (64-bit signed little-endian)
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* T.4a. ``sapling_spends_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* T.4b. ``sapling_outputs_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* T.4c. ``valueBalance`` (64-bit signed little-endian)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdSaplingHash"
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3a: ``sapling_spends_digest``
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T.4a: ``sapling_spends_digest``
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''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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This digest is a BLAKE2b-256 hash of the following values ::
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* 3a.i. ``sapling_spends_compact_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* 3b.ii. ``sapling_spends_noncompact_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* T.4a.i. ``sapling_spends_compact_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* T.4a.ii. ``sapling_spends_noncompact_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdSSpendsHash"
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3a.i: ``sapling_spends_compact_digest``
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T.4a.i: ``sapling_spends_compact_digest``
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.......................................
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the field encoding of all nullifier field
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values of Sapling shielded spends belonging to the transaction.
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@ -234,77 +261,215 @@ The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdSSpendCHash"
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3a.ii: ``sapling_spends_noncompact_digest``
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T.4a.ii: ``sapling_spends_noncompact_digest``
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...........................................
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the non-nullifier information for all Sapling shielded spends
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belonging to the transaction. For each spend, the following elements are included
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in the hash::
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belonging to the transaction, excluding zkproof data. For each spend, the following
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elements are included in the hash::
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* 3a.ii.1 ``cv`` (field encoding bytes)
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* 3a.ii.2 ``anchor`` (field encoding bytes)
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* 3a.ii.3 ``rk`` (field encoding bytes)
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* 3a.ii.4 ``zkproof`` (field encoding bytes)
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* T.4a.ii.1 ``cv`` (field encoding bytes)
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* T.4a.ii.2 ``anchor`` (field encoding bytes)
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* T.4a.ii.3 ``rk`` (field encoding bytes)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdSSpendNHash"
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3b: ``sapling_outputs_digest``
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T.4b: ``sapling_outputs_digest``
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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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This digest is a BLAKE2b-256 hash of the following values ::
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* 3a.i. ``sapling_outputs_compact_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* 3b.ii. ``sapling_outputs_memos_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* 3b.iii. ``sapling_outputs_noncompact_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* T.4a.i. ``sapling_outputs_compact_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* T.4b.ii. ``sapling_outputs_memos_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* T.4b.iii. ``sapling_outputs_noncompact_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdSOutputHash"
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3b.i: ``sapling_outputs_compact_digest``
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T.4b.i: ``sapling_outputs_compact_digest``
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.........................................
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the subset of Sapling output information included in the
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ZIP-307 [#zip-0307]_ ``CompactBlock`` format for all Sapling shielded outputs
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belonging to the transaction. For each output, the following elements are included
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in the hash::
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* 3b.i.1 ``cmu`` (field encoding bytes)
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* 3b.i.2 ``ephemeral_key`` (field encoding bytes)
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* 3b.i.3 ``enc_ciphertext[..52]`` (First 52 bytes of field encoding)
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* T.4b.i.1 ``cmu`` (field encoding bytes)
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* T.4b.i.2 ``ephemeral_key`` (field encoding bytes)
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* T.4b.i.3 ``enc_ciphertext[..52]`` (First 52 bytes of field encoding)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdSOutC__Hash"
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3a.ii: ``sapling_outputs_memos_digest``
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T.4a.ii: ``sapling_outputs_memos_digest``
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........................................
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the subset of Sapling shielded memo field data for all Sapling
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shielded outputs belonging to the transaction. For each output, the following elements
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are included in the hash::
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* 3b.ii.1 ``enc_ciphertext[52..564] (contents of the encrypted memo field)
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* T.4b.ii.1 ``enc_ciphertext[52..564] (contents of the encrypted memo field)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdSOutM__Hash"
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3a.iii: ``sapling_outputs_noncompact_digest``
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T.4a.iii: ``sapling_outputs_noncompact_digest``
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..............................................
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the remaining subset of Sapling output information **not** included
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in the ZIP-307 [#zip-0307]_ ``CompactBlock`` format, for all Sapling shielded outputs belonging to the
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transaction. For each output, the following elements are included in the hash::
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in the ZIP 307 [#zip-0307]_ ``CompactBlock`` format, excluding zkproof data, for all
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Sapling shielded outputs belonging to the transaction. For each output, the following
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elements are included in the hash::
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* 3b.iii.1 ``cv`` (field encoding bytes)
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* 3b.iii.2 ``enc_ciphertext[564..]`` (post-memo suffix of field encoding)
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* 4b.iii.3 ``out_ciphertext`` (field encoding bytes)
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* 4b.iii.4 ``zkproof`` (field encoding bytes)
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* T.4b.iii.1 ``cv`` (field encoding bytes)
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* T.4b.iii.2 ``enc_ciphertext[564..]`` (post-memo suffix of field encoding)
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* T.4b.iii.3 ``out_ciphertext`` (field encoding bytes)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdSOutN__Hash" (2 underscore characters)
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Witness Digest
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==============
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Signature Digest
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================
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A new per-input transaction digest algorithm that constructs a hash that may be signed
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by a transaction creator to commit to the effects of the transaction. In the
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case that the transaction consumes no transparent inputs, it should be possible
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to just sign the transaction identifier produced by the ``TxId Digest`` algorithm.
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In the case that transparent inputs are present, this algorithm follows closely
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the ZIP 143 [#zip-0143]_ algorithm.
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The overall structure of the hash is as follows; each name referenced here will be
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described in detail below:
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signature_digest
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├── header_digest
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├── transparent_digest
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├── sprout_digest
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└── sapling_digest
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``signature_digest``
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--------------------
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the following values ::
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* S.1: ``header_digest`` (32-byte hash output)
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* S.2: ``transparent_digest`` (32-byte hash output)
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* S.3: ``sprout_digest (32-byte hash output)
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* S.4: ``sapling_digest (32-byte hash output)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZcashTxHash_" || CONSENSUS_BRANCH_ID
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This value must have the same personalization as the top hash of the transaction
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identifier digest tree, in order to make it possible to sign the transaction id
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in the case that there are no transparent inputs.
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S.1: ``header_digest``
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`````````````````````````
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Identical to that specified for the transaction identifier.
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S.2: ``transparent_digest``
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`````````````````````````
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If we are producing a hash for the signature over a transparent input,
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the value of the digest produced here depends upon the value of a ``hash_type``
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flag as in ZIP 143 [#zip-0143]_ and BIP 143 [#bip-0143]_.
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The construction of each component below depends upon the values of the
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hash_type flag bits. Each component will be described separately
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This digest is a BLAKE2b-256 hash of the following values ::
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* S.2a. ``prevouts_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* S.2b. ``sequence_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* S.2c. ``outputs_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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* S.2d. ``txin_sig_digest`` (32-byte hash)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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"ZTxIdTranspaHash"
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S.2a: ``prevouts_digest``
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'''''''''''''''''''''''
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This is a BLAKE2b-256 hash initialized with the personalization field value
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"ZTxIdPrevoutHash".
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If the ``SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY`` flag is set::
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* the hash is immediately finalized, without being updated with any
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additional data
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otherwise::
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* identical to the value of ``prevouts_digest`` as specified for the
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transaction identifier in section T.2a.
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S.2b: ``sequence_digest``
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'''''''''''''''''''''''
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This is a BLAKE2b-256 hash initialized with the personalization field value
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"ZTxIdSequencHash".
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If any of the ``SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY``, ``SIGHASH_SINGLE``, or ``SIGHASH_NONE`` flags are
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set::
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* the hash is immediately finalized, without being updated with any
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additional data
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otherwise::
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* identical to the value of ``sequence_digest`` as specified for the
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transaction identifier in section T.2b.
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S.2c: ``outputs_digest``
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'''''''''''''''''''''''
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This is a BLAKE2b-256 hash initialized with the personalization field value
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"ZTxIdOutputsHash".
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If the ``SIGHASH_SINGLE`` flag is set and the signature hash is being computed for a
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transparent input::
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* the hash is updated with the field encoding of the ``prevout`` field value
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of the input, then finalized
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If the ``SIGHASH_SINGLE`` flag is set and the signature is being computed for
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a shielded input, or if the ``SIGHASH_NONE`` flag is set::
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* the hash is immediately finalized, without being updated with any
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additional data
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otherwise::
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* identical to the value of ``outputs_digest`` as specified for the
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transaction identifier in section T.2c.
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S.2d: ``txin_sig_digest``
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'''''''''''''''''''''''''
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This is a BLAKE2b-256 hash initialized with the personalization field value
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"Zcash___TxInHash" (3 underscores).
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If the signature hash is being computed for a transparent input, the hash
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is updated with the following properties of that input::
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* S.2d.i. ``prevout`` (field encoding)
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* S.2d.ii. ``script_code`` (field encoding)
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* S.2d.iii. ``value`` (8-byte signed little-endian)
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* S.2d.iv. ``nSequence`` (4-byte unsigned little-endian)
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otherwise::
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* the hash is immediately finalized, without being updated with any
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additional data
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S.3: ``sprout_digest``
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`````````````````````````
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Identical to that specified for the transaction identifier.
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S.4: ``sapling_digest``
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`````````````````````````
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Identical to that specified for the transaction identifier.
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Auth Commitment
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===============
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A new transaction digest algorithm is defined that constructs a digest which commits
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to the authorizing data of a transaction from a tree of BLAKE2b-256 hashes.
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|
@ -312,21 +477,22 @@ The overall structure of the hash is as follows:
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auth_digest
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├── transparent_scripts_digest
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├── tze_witnesses_digest
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├── sprout_sigs_digest
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└── sapling_sigs_digest
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Each node written as ``snake_case`` in this tree is a BLAKE2b-256 hash of authorizing
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data of the transaction.
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The pair (Transaction Identifier, Auth Commitment) constitutes a commitment to all the
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data of a serialized transaction that may be included in a block.
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``auth_digest``
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--------------
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the following values ::
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* ``transparent_scripts_digest`` (32-byte hash output)
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* ``tze_witnesses_digest (32-byte hash output)
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* ``sprout_sigs_digest (32-byte hash output)
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* ``sapling_sigs_digest (32-byte hash output)
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* ``sprout_auth_digest (32-byte hash output)
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* ``sapling_auth_digest (32-byte hash output)
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The personalization field of this hash is set to::
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|
@ -341,20 +507,28 @@ The personalization field of this hash is set to::
|
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"ZTxAuthTransHash"
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3: ``sprout_sigs_digest``
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2: ``sprout_auth_digest``
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```````````````````````````
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A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the field encoding of the JoinSplit signature
|
||||
belonging to the transaction.
|
||||
A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the field encoding of the zkproof values of each
|
||||
``JSDescription`` belonging to the transaction.
|
||||
|
||||
* 2a. ``zkproofs`` (field encoding bytes)
|
||||
* 2b. ``joinsplit_pubkey``
|
||||
* 2b. ``joinsplit_sig``
|
||||
|
||||
The personalization field of this hash is set to::
|
||||
|
||||
"ZTxAuthSprouHash"
|
||||
|
||||
3: ``sapling_sigs_digest``
|
||||
3: ``sapling_auth_digest``
|
||||
```````````````````````````
|
||||
A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the field encoding of the Sapling signature
|
||||
of each Sapling spend description belonging to the transaction, followed by the
|
||||
field encoding of the binding signature.
|
||||
A BLAKE2b-256 hash of the field encoding of the Sapling zkproof values
|
||||
of each Sapling spend description and output description belonging to
|
||||
the transaction, followed by the field encoding of the binding signature ::
|
||||
|
||||
* 3a. ``spend_zkproofs`` (field encoding bytes)
|
||||
* 3b. ``output_zkproofs`` (field encoding bytes)
|
||||
* 3c. ``binding_sig``
|
||||
|
||||
The personalization field of this hash is set to::
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -364,7 +538,13 @@ The personalization field of this hash is set to::
|
|||
Block Header Changes
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
// TODO: Need @str4d's help here.
|
||||
Rationale
|
||||
=========
|
||||
|
||||
We need to add a new hash commitment to the block header, the root of the
|
||||
witness hash.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
========================
|
||||
Reference implementation
|
||||
|
@ -372,35 +552,6 @@ Reference implementation
|
|||
|
||||
- https://github.com/zcash/librustzcash/pull/319/files
|
||||
|
||||
============
|
||||
Alternatives
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
The zkproof components of Sapling spends and outputs could reasonably be
|
||||
construed as authorizing data, rather that information that describes
|
||||
value transfer. As such, it was suggested that these proof values should
|
||||
not be committed to by in the transaction identifier, and should instead
|
||||
be used as inputs to the signature hash. Proof data is a potential source
|
||||
of transaction malleability, and as such this argument is worthy of
|
||||
consideration.
|
||||
|
||||
As was stated in :ref:`_requirements-anchor`, a desired property of transaction
|
||||
identifiers is that it should be possible for transaction signatures to commit
|
||||
to the transaction identifier directly in the case that the transaction contains
|
||||
no transparent inputs or in the case that only the ``SIGHASH_ALL`` flag is
|
||||
used. Including proofs for signature hash computation but not as part of the
|
||||
transaction identifier would make this goal unachievable.
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike with transparent use cases where current sources of malleability represent
|
||||
a risk of double-spend attacks, in the case of a shielded-only transaction,
|
||||
malleation of a zkproof value would invalidate any signatures associated with
|
||||
the transaction, since in the shielded scenario all signatures must commit to
|
||||
all of the transaction's shielded spends, not just a subset, and so it is not
|
||||
possible for one party to a transaction to malleate their proofs in a way that
|
||||
does not break the signatures of any other party to the transaction. Thus,
|
||||
this source of malleability is not considered to be of concern.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
==========
|
||||
References
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
@ -409,5 +560,6 @@ References
|
|||
.. [#zip-0200] `ZIP 200: Network Upgrade Activation Mechanism <https://github.com/zcash/zips/blob/master/zip-0200.rst>`_
|
||||
.. [#zip-0076] `ZIP 76: Transaction Signature Validation before Overwinter <https://zips.z.cash/zip-0076>`_
|
||||
.. [#zip-0143] `ZIP 143: Transaction Signature Validation for Overwinter <https://zips.z.cash/zip-0143>`_
|
||||
.. [#bip-0143] `Transaction Signature Verification for Version 0 Witness Program <https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0143.mediawiki>`_
|
||||
.. [#zip-0307] `ZIP 307: Light Client Protocol for Payment Detection <https://zips.z.cash/zip-0307>`_
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue