diff --git a/protocol/protocol.tex b/protocol/protocol.tex
index 4e11b216..30b7e057 100644
--- a/protocol/protocol.tex
+++ b/protocol/protocol.tex
@@ -160,17 +160,20 @@ electronic commerce and payment, financial privacy, proof of work, zero knowledg
 \RequirePackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{xcolor}
 % https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Colors#The_68_standard_colors_known_to_dvips
 \newcommand{\todo}[1]{{\color{Sepia}\sf{TODO: #1}}}
+\definecolor{green}{RGB}{0,120,0}
 
 \newcommand{\changedcolor}{magenta}
 \newcommand{\setchanged}{\color{\changedcolor}}
 \newcommand{\changed}[1]{\texorpdfstring{{\setchanged{#1}}}{#1}}
-\newcommand{\saplingcolor}{ForestGreen}
+\newcommand{\saplingcolor}{green}
 \iftoggle{issapling}{
   \newcommand{\sprout}[1]{}
+  \newcommand{\notsprout}[1]{#1}
   \newcommand{\setsapling}{\color{\saplingcolor}}
   \newcommand{\sapling}[1]{\texorpdfstring{{\setsapling{#1}}}{#1}}
 } {
   \newcommand{\sprout}[1]{#1}
+  \newcommand{\notsprout}[1]{}
   \newcommand{\setsapling}{}
   \newcommand{\sapling}[1]{}
 }
@@ -185,6 +188,8 @@ electronic commerce and payment, financial privacy, proof of work, zero knowledg
 
 \newcommand{\Zcash}{\termbf{Zcash}}
 \newcommand{\Zerocash}{\termbf{Zerocash}}
+\newcommand{\Sprout}{\notsprout{\termbf{Sprout}}}
+\newcommand{\Sapling}{\termbf{Sapling}}
 \newcommand{\Bitcoin}{\termbf{Bitcoin}}
 \newcommand{\CryptoNote}{\termbf{CryptoNote}}
 \newcommand{\ZEC}{\termbf{ZEC}}
@@ -745,6 +750,9 @@ electronic commerce and payment, financial privacy, proof of work, zero knowledg
 
 \newcommand{\consensusrule}[1]{\needspace{3ex}\subparagraph{Consensus rule:}{#1}}
 \newenvironment{consensusrules}{\introlist\subparagraph{Consensus rules:}\begin{itemize}}{\end{itemize}}
+\newcommand{\sproutonlyitem}[1]{\sprout{\item {#1}}\notsprout{\item {[\Sprout only]}\, {#1}}}
+\newcommand{\saplingonlyitem}[1]{\sprout{}\sapling{\item {[\Sapling only]}\, {#1}}}
+
 \newcommand{\securityrequirement}[1]{\needspace{3ex}\subparagraph{Security requirement:}{#1}}
 \newenvironment{securityrequirements}{\introlist\subparagraph{Security requirements:}\begin{itemize}}{\end{itemize}}
 \newcommand{\pnote}[1]{\subparagraph{Note:}{#1}}
@@ -779,7 +787,7 @@ memory-hard proof-of-work algorithm.
 \sprout{\noindent This specification defines the \Zcash consensus protocol and explains
 its differences from \Zerocash and \Bitcoin.}
 \sapling{\noindent This \em{draft} specification defines the next major
-version of the \Zcash consensus protocol, codenamed Sapling. It is
+version of the \Zcash consensus protocol, codenamed \Sapling. It is
 a work in progress and should not be used as a reference for the current
 protocol.}
 
@@ -810,6 +818,11 @@ non-interactive arguments of knowledge (\zkSNARKs).
 
 Changes from the original \Zerocash are explained in \crossref{differences},
 and highlighted in \changed{\changedcolor} throughout the document.
+\sapling{
+Changes specific to the \Sapling upgrade (which are also changes from
+\Zerocash) are highlighted in green. The name \Sprout is used for the
+\Zcash protocol prior to \Sapling.
+}
 
 Technical terms for concepts that play an important role in \Zcash are
 written in \term{slanted text}. \emph{Italics} are used for emphasis and