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package cash.z.wallet.sdk
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import android.content.Context
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.Synchronizer.AddressType.Shielded
import cash.z.wallet.sdk.Synchronizer.AddressType.Transparent
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.Synchronizer.Status.*
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.block.CompactBlockDbStore
import cash.z.wallet.sdk.block.CompactBlockDownloader
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.block.CompactBlockProcessor
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.block.CompactBlockProcessor.State.*
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.block.CompactBlockProcessor.WalletBalance
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.block.CompactBlockStore
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.entity.*
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.exception.SynchronizerException
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.ext.ZcashSdk
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.ext.twig
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.ext.twigTask
import cash.z.wallet.sdk.jni.RustBackend
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.service.LightWalletGrpcService
import cash.z.wallet.sdk.service.LightWalletService
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import cash.z.wallet.sdk.transaction.*
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import kotlinx.coroutines.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.ConflatedBroadcastChannel
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import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.*
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import kotlin.coroutines.CoroutineContext
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/ * *
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* A Synchronizer that attempts to remain operational , despite any number of errors that can occur .
* It acts as the glue that ties all the pieces of the SDK together . Each component of the SDK is
* designed for the potential of stand - alone usage but coordinating all the interactions is non -
* trivial . So the Synchronizer facilitates this , acting as reference that demonstrates how all the
* pieces can be tied together . Its goal is to allow a developer to focus on their app rather than
* the nuances of how Zcash works .
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*
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* @property ledger exposes flows of wallet transaction information .
* @property manager manages and tracks outbound transactions .
* @property processor saves the downloaded compact blocks to the cache and then scans those blocks for
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* data related to this wallet .
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* /
@ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
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class SdkSynchronizer internal constructor (
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private val ledger : TransactionRepository ,
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private val manager : OutboundTransactionManager ,
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val processor : CompactBlockProcessor
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) : Synchronizer {
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private val _balances = ConflatedBroadcastChannel ( WalletBalance ( ) )
private val _status = ConflatedBroadcastChannel < Synchronizer . Status > ( DISCONNECTED )
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/ * *
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* The lifespan of this Synchronizer . This scope is initialized once the Synchronizer starts
* because it will be a child of the parentScope that gets passed into the [ start ] function .
* Everything launched by this Synchronizer will be cancelled once the Synchronizer or its
* parentScope stops . This is a lateinit rather than nullable property so that it fails early
* rather than silently , whenever the scope is used before the Synchronizer has been started .
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* /
lateinit var coroutineScope : CoroutineScope
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//
// Transactions
//
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override val balances : Flow < WalletBalance > = _balances . asFlow ( )
override val clearedTransactions = ledger . allTransactions
override val pendingTransactions = manager . getAll ( )
override val sentTransactions = ledger . sentTransactions
override val receivedTransactions = ledger . receivedTransactions
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//
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// Status
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//
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/ * *
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* Indicates the status of this Synchronizer . This implementation basically simplifies the
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* status of the processor to focus only on the high level states that matter most . Whenever the
* processor is finished scanning , the synchronizer updates transaction and balance info and
* then emits a [ SYNCED ] status .
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* /
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override val status = _status . asFlow ( )
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/ * *
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* Indicates the download progress of the Synchronizer . When progress reaches 100 , that
* signals that the Synchronizer is in sync with the network . Balances should be considered
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* inaccurate and outbound transactions should be prevented until this sync is complete . It is
* a simplified version of [ processorInfo ] .
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* /
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override val progress : Flow < Int > = processor . progress
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/ * *
* Indicates the latest information about the blocks that have been processed by the SDK . This
* is very helpful for conveying detailed progress and status to the user .
* /
override val processorInfo : Flow < CompactBlockProcessor . ProcessorInfo > = processor . processorInfo
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//
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// Error Handling
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//
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/ * *
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* A callback to invoke whenever an uncaught error is encountered . By definition , the return
* value of the function is ignored because this error is unrecoverable . The only reason the
* function has a return value is so that all error handlers work with the same signature which
* allows one function to handle all errors in simple apps . This callback is not called on the
* main thread so any UI work would need to switch context to the main thread .
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* /
override var onCriticalErrorHandler : ( ( Throwable ? ) -> Boolean ) ? = null
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/ * *
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* A callback to invoke whenever a processor error is encountered . Returning true signals that
* the error was handled and a retry attempt should be made , if possible . This callback is not
* called on the main thread so any UI work would need to switch context to the main thread .
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* /
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override var onProcessorErrorHandler : ( ( Throwable ? ) -> Boolean ) ? = null
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/ * *
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* A callback to invoke whenever a server error is encountered while submitting a transaction to
* lightwalletd . Returning true signals that the error was handled and a retry attempt should be
* made , if possible . This callback is not called on the main thread so any UI work would need
* to switch context to the main thread .
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* /
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override var onSubmissionErrorHandler : ( ( Throwable ? ) -> Boolean ) ? = null
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/ * *
* A callback to invoke whenever a chain error is encountered . These occur whenever the
* processor detects a missing or non - chain - sequential block ( i . e . a reorg ) .
* /
override var onChainErrorHandler : ( ( Int , Int ) -> Any ) ? = null
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//
// Public API
//
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/ * *
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* Starts this synchronizer within the given scope . For simplicity , attempting to start an
* instance that has already been started will throw a [ SynchronizerException . FalseStart ]
* exception . This reduces the complexity of managing resources that must be recycled . Instead ,
* each synchronizer is designed to have a long lifespan and should be started from an activity ,
* application or session .
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*
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* @param parentScope the scope to use for this synchronizer , typically something with a
* lifecycle such as an Activity for single - activity apps or a logged in user session . This
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* scope is only used for launching this synchronizer ' s job as a child . If no scope is provided ,
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* then this synchronizer and all of its coroutines will run until stop is called , which is not
* recommended since it can leak resources . That type of behavior is more useful for tests .
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*
* @return an instance of this class so that this function can be used fluidly .
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* /
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override fun start ( parentScope : CoroutineScope ? ) : Synchronizer {
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if ( :: coroutineScope . isInitialized ) throw SynchronizerException . FalseStart
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// base this scope on the parent so that when the parent's job cancels, everything here
// cancels as well also use a supervisor job so that one failure doesn't bring down the
// whole synchronizer
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val supervisorJob = SupervisorJob ( parentScope ?. coroutineContext ?. get ( Job ) )
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coroutineScope =
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CoroutineScope ( supervisorJob + Dispatchers . Main )
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coroutineScope . onReady ( )
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return this
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}
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/ * *
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* Stop this synchronizer and all of its child jobs . Once a synchronizer has been stopped it
* should not be restarted and attempting to do so will result in an error . Also , this function
* will throw an exception if the synchronizer was never previously started .
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* /
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override fun stop ( ) {
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coroutineScope . launch {
processor . stop ( )
coroutineScope . cancel ( )
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_balances . cancel ( )
_status . cancel ( )
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}
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}
//
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// Private API
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//
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private fun refreshTransactions ( ) {
ledger . invalidate ( )
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}
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/ * *
* Calculate the latest balance , based on the blocks that have been scanned and transmit this
* information into the flow of [ balances ] .
* /
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suspend fun refreshBalance ( ) {
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twig ( " refreshing balance " )
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_balances . send ( processor . getBalanceInfo ( ) )
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}
private fun CoroutineScope . onReady ( ) = launch ( CoroutineExceptionHandler ( :: onCriticalError ) ) {
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twig ( " Synchronizer ( ${this@SdkSynchronizer} ) Ready. Starting processor! " )
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processor . onProcessorErrorListener = :: onProcessorError
processor . onChainErrorListener = :: onChainError
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processor . state . onEach {
when ( it ) {
is Scanned -> {
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// do a bit of housekeeping and then report synced status
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onScanComplete ( it . scannedRange )
SYNCED
}
is Stopped -> STOPPED
is Disconnected -> DISCONNECTED
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is Downloading , Initialized -> DOWNLOADING
is Validating -> VALIDATING
is Scanning -> SCANNING
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is Enhancing -> ENHANCING
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} . let { synchronizerStatus ->
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// ignore enhancing status for now
// TODO: clean this up and handle enhancing gracefully
if ( synchronizerStatus != ENHANCING ) _status . send ( synchronizerStatus )
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}
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} . launchIn ( this )
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processor . start ( )
twig ( " Synchronizer onReady complete. Processor start has exited! " )
}
private fun onCriticalError ( unused : CoroutineContext , error : Throwable ) {
twig ( " ******** " )
twig ( " ******** ERROR: $error " )
if ( error . cause != null ) twig ( " ******** caused by ${error.cause} " )
if ( error . cause ?. cause != null ) twig ( " ******** caused by ${error.cause?.cause} " )
twig ( " ******** " )
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onCriticalErrorHandler ?. invoke ( error )
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}
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private fun onFailedSend ( error : Throwable ) : Boolean {
twig ( " ERROR while submitting transaction: $error " )
return onSubmissionErrorHandler ?. invoke ( error ) ?. also {
if ( it ) twig ( " submission error handler signaled that we should try again! " )
} == true
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}
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private fun onProcessorError ( error : Throwable ) : Boolean {
twig ( " ERROR while processing data: $error " )
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if ( onProcessorErrorHandler == null ) {
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twig (
" WARNING: falling back to the default behavior for processor errors. To add " +
" custom behavior, set synchronizer.onProcessorErrorHandler to " +
" a non-null value "
)
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return true
}
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return onProcessorErrorHandler ?. invoke ( error ) ?. also {
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twig (
" processor error handler signaled that we should " +
" ${if (it) "try again" else "abort"} ! "
)
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} == true
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}
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private fun onChainError ( errorHeight : Int , rewindHeight : Int ) {
twig ( " Chain error detected at height: $errorHeight . Rewinding to: $rewindHeight " )
if ( onChainErrorHandler == null ) {
twig (
" WARNING: a chain error occurred but no callback is registered to be notified of " +
" chain errors. To respond to these errors (perhaps to update the UI or alert the " +
" user) set synchronizer.onChainErrorHandler to a non-null value "
)
}
onChainErrorHandler ?. invoke ( errorHeight , rewindHeight )
}
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private suspend fun onScanComplete ( scannedRange : IntRange ) {
// TODO: optimize to skip logic here if there are no new transactions with a block height
// within the given range
// TRICKY:
// Keep an eye on this section because there is a potential for concurrent DB
// modification. A change in transactions means a change in balance. Calculating the
// balance requires touching transactions. If both are done in separate threads, the
// database can have issues. On Android, this would manifest as a false positive for a
// "malformed database" exception when the database is not actually corrupt but rather
// locked (i.e. it's a bad error message).
// The balance refresh is done first because it is coroutine-based and will fully
// complete by the time the function returns.
// Ultimately, refreshing the transactions just invalidates views of data that
// already exists and it completes on another thread so it should come after the
// balance refresh is complete.
twigTask ( " Triggering balance refresh since the processor is synced! " ) {
refreshBalance ( )
}
twigTask ( " Triggering pending transaction refresh! " ) {
refreshPendingTransactions ( )
}
twigTask ( " Triggering transaction refresh since the processor is synced! " ) {
refreshTransactions ( )
}
}
private suspend fun refreshPendingTransactions ( ) {
// TODO: this would be the place to clear out any stale pending transactions. Remove filter
// logic and then delete any pending transaction with sufficient confirmations (all in one
// db transaction).
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manager . getAll ( ) . first ( ) . filter { it . isSubmitSuccess ( ) && ! it . isMined ( ) }
. forEach { pendingTx ->
twig ( " checking for updates on pendingTx id: ${pendingTx.id} " )
pendingTx . rawTransactionId ?. let { rawId ->
ledger . findMinedHeight ( rawId ) ?. let { minedHeight ->
twig (
" found matching transaction for pending transaction with id " +
" ${pendingTx.id} mined at height ${minedHeight} ! "
)
manager . applyMinedHeight ( pendingTx , minedHeight )
}
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}
}
}
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//
// Send / Receive
//
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override suspend fun cancelSpend ( transaction : PendingTransaction ) = manager . cancel ( transaction )
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override suspend fun getAddress ( accountId : Int ) : String = processor . getAddress ( accountId )
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override fun sendToAddress (
spendingKey : String ,
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zatoshi : Long ,
toAddress : String ,
memo : String ,
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fromAccountIndex : Int
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) : Flow < PendingTransaction > = flow {
twig ( " Initializing pending transaction " )
// Emit the placeholder transaction, then switch to monitoring the database
manager . initSpend ( zatoshi , toAddress , memo , fromAccountIndex ) . let { placeHolderTx ->
emit ( placeHolderTx )
manager . encode ( spendingKey , placeHolderTx ) . let { encodedTx ->
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if ( ! encodedTx . isFailedEncoding ( ) && ! encodedTx . isCancelled ( ) ) {
manager . submit ( encodedTx )
}
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}
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}
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} . flatMapLatest {
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twig ( " Monitoring pending transaction (id: ${it.id} ) for updates... " )
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manager . monitorById ( it . id )
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} . distinctUntilChanged ( )
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override suspend fun isValidShieldedAddr ( address : String ) = manager . isValidShieldedAddress ( address )
override suspend fun isValidTransparentAddr ( address : String ) =
manager . isValidTransparentAddress ( address )
override suspend fun validateAddress ( address : String ) : Synchronizer . AddressType {
return try {
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if ( isValidShieldedAddr ( address ) ) Shielded else Transparent
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} catch ( zError : Throwable ) {
var message = zError . message
try {
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if ( isValidTransparentAddr ( address ) ) Transparent else Shielded
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} catch ( tError : Throwable ) {
Synchronizer . AddressType . Invalid (
if ( message != tError . message ) " $message and ${tError.message} " else ( message
?: " Invalid " )
)
}
}
}
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}
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/ * *
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* A convenience constructor that accepts the information most likely to change and uses defaults
* for everything else . This is useful for demos , sample apps or PoC ' s . Anything more complex
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* will probably want to handle initialization , directly .
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*
* @param appContext the application context . This is mostly used for finding databases and params
* files within the apps secure storage area .
* @param lightwalletdHost the lightwalletd host to use for connections .
* @param lightwalletdPort the lightwalletd port to use for connections .
* @param seed the seed to use for this wallet , when importing . Null when creating a new wallet .
* @param birthdayStore the place to store the birthday of this wallet for future reference , which
* allows something else to manage the state on behalf of the initializer .
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* /
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@Suppress ( " FunctionName " )
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fun Synchronizer (
appContext : Context ,
lightwalletdHost : String = ZcashSdk . DEFAULT _LIGHTWALLETD _HOST ,
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lightwalletdPort : Int = ZcashSdk . DEFAULT _LIGHTWALLETD _PORT ,
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seed : ByteArray ? = null ,
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birthdayStore : Initializer . WalletBirthdayStore = Initializer . DefaultBirthdayStore ( appContext )
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) : Synchronizer {
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val initializer = Initializer ( appContext , lightwalletdHost , lightwalletdPort )
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if ( seed != null && birthdayStore . hasExistingBirthday ( ) ) {
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twig ( " Initializing existing wallet " )
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initializer . open ( birthdayStore . getBirthday ( ) )
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twig ( " ${initializer.rustBackend.pathDataDb} " )
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} else {
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require ( seed != null ) {
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" Failed to initialize. A seed is required when no wallet exists on the device. "
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}
if ( birthdayStore . hasImportedBirthday ( ) ) {
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twig ( " Initializing new wallet " )
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initializer . new ( seed , birthdayStore . newWalletBirthday , 1 , true , true )
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} else {
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twig ( " Initializing imported wallet " )
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initializer . import ( seed , birthdayStore . getBirthday ( ) , true , true )
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}
}
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return Synchronizer ( initializer )
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}
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/ * *
* Constructor function to use in most cases . This is a convenience function for when a wallet has
* already created an initializer . Meaning , the basic flow is to call either [ Initializer . new ] or
* [ Initializer . import ] on the first run and then [ Initializer . open ] for all subsequent launches of
* the wallet . From there , the initializer is passed to this function in order to start syncing from
* where the wallet left off .
*
* @param initializer the helper that is leveraged for creating all the components that the
* Synchronizer requires . It is mainly responsible for initializing the databases associated with
* this synchronizer .
* /
@Suppress ( " FunctionName " )
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fun Synchronizer ( initializer : Initializer ) : Synchronizer {
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check ( initializer . isInitialized ) {
" Error: RustBackend must be loaded before creating the Synchronizer. Verify that either " +
" the 'open', 'new' or 'import' function has been called on the Initializer. "
}
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return Synchronizer ( initializer . context , initializer . rustBackend , initializer . host , initializer . port )
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}
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/ * *
* Constructor function for building a Synchronizer in the most flexible way possible . This allows
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* a wallet maker to customize any subcomponent of the Synchronzer .
*
* @param appContext the application context . This is mostly used for finding databases and params
* files within the apps secure storage area .
* @param lightwalletdHost the lightwalletd host to use for connections .
* @param lightwalletdPort the lightwalletd port to use for connections .
* @param ledger repository of wallet transactions , providing an agnostic interface to the
* underlying information .
* @param blockStore component responsible for storing compact blocks downloaded from lightwalletd .
* @param service the lightwalletd service that can provide compact blocks and submit transactions .
* @param encoder the component responsible for encoding transactions .
* @param downloader the component responsible for downloading ranges of compact blocks .
* @param manager the component that manages outbound transactions in order to report which ones are
* still pending , particularly after failed attempts or dropped connectivity . The intent is to help
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* monitor outbound transactions status through to completion .
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* @param processor the component responsible for processing compact blocks . This is effectively the
* brains of the synchronizer that implements most of the high - level business logic and determines
* the current state of the wallet .
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* /
@Suppress ( " FunctionName " )
fun Synchronizer (
appContext : Context ,
rustBackend : RustBackend ,
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lightwalletdHost : String = ZcashSdk . DEFAULT _LIGHTWALLETD _HOST ,
lightwalletdPort : Int = ZcashSdk . DEFAULT _LIGHTWALLETD _PORT ,
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ledger : TransactionRepository =
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PagedTransactionRepository ( appContext , 1000 , rustBackend . pathDataDb ) , // TODO: fix this pagesize bug, small pages should not crash the app. It crashes with: Uncaught Exception: android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views. and is probably related to FlowPagedList
blockStore : CompactBlockStore = CompactBlockDbStore ( appContext , rustBackend . pathCacheDb ) ,
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service : LightWalletService = LightWalletGrpcService ( appContext , lightwalletdHost , lightwalletdPort ) ,
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encoder : TransactionEncoder = WalletTransactionEncoder ( rustBackend , ledger ) ,
downloader : CompactBlockDownloader = CompactBlockDownloader ( service , blockStore ) ,
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manager : OutboundTransactionManager =
PersistentTransactionManager ( appContext , encoder , service ) ,
processor : CompactBlockProcessor =
CompactBlockProcessor ( downloader , ledger , rustBackend , rustBackend . birthdayHeight )
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) : Synchronizer {
// ties everything together
return SdkSynchronizer (
ledger ,
manager ,
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processor
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)
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}